问答题 TOPIC: What Is the Most Urgent Issue Facing the World People in the 21st Century? State your reasons.

问答题Your essay should be written on the ANSWER SHEET.

问答题我将在本书中进一步阐述的理论是，文字不能代表事物，因而不能反映现实。

问答题老弱病残孕专座。

问答题71.One of the major pleasures in life is appetite, and one of our major duties should be to preserve it. Appetite is the keenness of living; it is one of the senses that tells you that you are still curious to exist, that you still have an edge on your longings and want to bite into the world and taste its multitudinous flavors and juices. By appetite, of course, I don't mean just the lust for food, but any condition of unsatisfied desire, any burning in the blood that proves you want more than you've got, and that you haven't yet used up your life. Wilde said he felt Sony for those who never got their heart's desire, but it nearly killed me, and I've always preferred wanting to having since. For appetite, to me, is this state of wanting, which keeps one's expectation alive. I remember learning this lesson long ago as a child, when treats and orgies were few, and when I discovered that the greatest pitch of happiness was not in actually eating a toffee but in gazing at it beforehand. True, the first bite was delicious, but once toffee was gone one was left with nothing, neither toffee nor lust. Besides, the whole toffeeness of toffees was imperceptibly diminished by the gross act of having eaten it. No, the best wasin wanting it, in sitting and looking at it, when one tasted an inexhaustible treasure-house of flavors. 72. For that matter, I don't really want three square meals a day—I want one huge, delicious, orgiastic, table-groaning blow-out say every four days, and then not be too sure where the next one is coming from. A day of fasting is not for me just a puritanical device for denying oneself a pleasure, but rather a way of anticipating a rarer moment of supreme indulgence. So, for me, one of the keenest pleasures of appetite remains in the wanting, not the satisfaction, in wanting a peach, or a whisky, or a particular texture or sound, or to be with a particular friend. For in this condition, of course, I know that the object of desire is always at its most flawlessly perfect. Which is why I would carry the preservation of appetite to the extent of deliberate fasting, simply because I think that appetite is too good to lose, too precious to be bludgeoned into insensibility by satiation and over-doing it. Fasting is an act of homage to the majesty of appetite. So I think we should arrange to give up our pleasures regularly—our food, our friends, our lovers—in order to preserve their intensity, and the moment of coming back to them. For this is the moment that renews and refreshes both oneself and the thing one loves. Sailors and travelers enjoyed this once, and so did hunters, I suppose. Part of the weariness modern life may be that we live too much on tip of each other, and are entertained and fed too regularly. Once we were separated by hunger both from our food and families, and then we learned to value both. The men went off hunting, and the dogs went with them; the women and children waved goodbye. The cave was empty of men for days on end; nobody ate, or knew what to do. The women crouched by the fire, the wet smoke in their eyes; the children wailed; everybody was hungry. Then one night there were shouts and the barking of dogs from the hills, and the men came back loaded with meat. 73. This was the great reunion, and everybody gorged himself and appetite came into its own; the long-awaited meal became a feast to remember and an almost sacred celebration of life. Now we go off to the office and come home in the evenings to cheap chicken and frozen peas. Very nice, but too much of it, too easy and regular. We eat, we are lucky, our faces are shining with fat, but we don't know the pleasure of being hungry anymore. Too much of anything—too much music, entertainment, happy time spent with one's friends—creates a kind of impotence of living because of which one can no longer hear, or taste, or see, or love. Life is short and precious, and appetite is one of its guardians, and loss of appetite is a sort of death. So if we are to enjoy this short life we should respect the divinity of appetite, and keep it eager and not too much blunted. It is a long time now since I knew that acute moment of bliss that comes from putting parched lips to a cup of cold water. The springs are still there to be enjoyed—all one needs is the original thirst.

问答题自从理查德·尼克松向癌症宣战以来已经有三十年了。其间，不少专家、学者耗费巨资试图寻找各种方法以攻克这个难题。但是今天的癌症死亡率与七十年代仍旧差不多一样高。美国妇女中死于乳腺癌患者是世界上许多其他国家的五到三十倍。在泰国每十万妇女中仅2至5人死于乳腺癌，而美国的妇女会有30至40人遭此厄运。就其原因，没有人会否认其与饮食很有关系。有些科学家认为：“每天人们摄入二至三磅食物，这是我们与环境最大范围的接触。”因此人们必须十分重视良好的饮食习惯。虽说正确的饮食习惯不能根除世界上的癌症，但它有利于减少患癌症的风险。

问答题We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinctions drawn between them. (1) {{U}}But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with the different types of culture known to us scientific discoveries, and ideological revolutions{{/U}}. Our nature is not considered immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the end of the century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically changing the roles, responsibilities, and specific characteristics attributed to each sex; and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be "beyond dispute." We can safely say, yam a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the 1960s. (2){{U}}The role distinction, raised in some cases to the Status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion, and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time.{{/U}} The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peace time and by going to war when necessary. (3) {{U}}The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. (4) {{U}}The dawn of the third millennium is coinciding with an extraordinary reversal in the power structure.{{/U}} (5) {{U}}Not only will the patriarchal system be dead and buried in most of the industrialized West, but we shall see the birth of a new imbalance in the relations between the sexes, this time exclusively to women's advantage.{{/U}}{{/U}}

问答题In this part, you are to write a composition on the statement: Sometimes the best gains is to lose. Your composition should contain the three key points given below with a length of over 200 words. Please remember to write clearly.1. Give your viewpoint on the statement.2. Support your viewpoint with one or more examples.3. Bring what you have discussed to a natural conclusion.

问答题Directions: "Go West, Young Man" was a popular saying of the 19th century in the United States, referring to opportunities on the frontier. Today in China, there is also a great need for patriotic and energetic young people to go west and make contributions to the western region development. Write an essay of about 150 words to discuss the significance of the development of West China. The suggested title is "Go West, Revitalize Our Nation".

问答题当时我们所面临的最关键的问题是熟练劳动力的缺乏，用以培训这种劳动力的大学师资不足，以及我们的大学中由于用于教育和科研的师资和现代化设备短缺造成的研究能力衰退。

问答题These 40 leading industrialized countries emitted 2.3 percent more greenhouse gases (GHG) from 2000 to 2006. Massive floods deep below Antarctica's ice cover are accelerating the flow of glaciers into the sea. These two pieces of news came a couple of weeks before the Dec. 1 UN Climate Change Conference in Poznan, Poland. But unfortunately they went almost unnoticed in the media busy as they were grappling with the global financial crises. Call it quirk of the modem world's fate, or our incapability to look beyond the immediate. We are so ensconced in the comforts of our times that nothing beyond the immediate can break our stupor. R's true, global warming made a few headlines before the financial crisis spread its wings from the US and cast a shadow of gloom over the rest of the world. But our response has always been knee-jerk.

问答题以热爱祖国为荣，以危害祖国为耻；以服务人民为荣，以背离人民为耻；以崇尚科学为荣，以愚昧无知为耻；以辛勤劳动为荣，以好逸恶劳为耻；以团结互助为荣，以损人利已为耻；以诚实守信为荣，以见利忘义为耻；以遵纪守法为荣，以违法乱纪为耻；以艰苦奋斗为荣，以骄奢淫逸为耻。

问答题For this part, you are required to write a composition of at least 250 words ac cording to the following instruction. "Some people say that it is right to offer college admission to every high school graduate. Others say that admission to college should be offered by examination only. " Which point of view do you agree with ? Use specific rea sons and examples to support your open,on.

问答题1、有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师。 2、学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是。。。 3、学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. 21. {{U}}Every time you try to answer a question that asks why, you engage in the process of causal analysis--you attempt to determine a cause or series of causes for a particular effect. When you try to answer a question that what if, you attempt to determine what effect will result from a particular cause. You will have frequent opportunity to use cause- and-effect analysis in the writing that you will do in college.{{/U}} For example, in history you might be asked to determine the causes of the Seven Day War between Egypt and Israel. In political science you might be asked to determine the reasons why Ronald Reagan won the 1984 Presidential election. And in sociology you might be asked to predict the effect that changes in Social Security legislation would have on senior citizens. 22. {{U}}Determining causes and effects is usually thought-provoking and quite complex. One reason for this is that there are two types of causes: immediate causes, which are readily apparent because they are closest to the effect, and ultimate cause, which, being somewhat removed, are not so apparent and perhaps even hidden. Furthermore, ultimate causes may bring about effects which themselves become immediate causes, this creating a causal chain.{{/U}} For example, consider the following causal chain. Sally, a computer salesperson, prepared extensively for a meeting with an important client (ultimate cause), impressed the client (immediate cause), and made a very large sale (effect). The chain did not stop there: The large sale cause her to be promoted by her employer (effect). A second reason why causal analysis can be so complex is that an effect may have any number of possible or actual causes, and a cause may have any number of possible or actual effects. 23. {{U}}An upset stomach may be caused by eating spoiled food, but it may also be caused by overeating, flu, allergy, nervousness, pregnancy, or any combination of factors. Similarly, the high cost of electricity may have multiple effects: higher profits for utility companies, fewer sales of electrical appliances, higher prices for other products, and the development of alternative sources of energy. Sound reasoning and logic are central to any causal analysis.{{/U}} Writers of believable causal analysis examine their material objectively and develop their essays carefully. They are convinced by their own examination of the material, but are not afraid to admit other possible causes and effects. Because people are accustomed to thinking of causes with their effects, they sometimes commit an error in logic known as the "after this, therefore because of this" fallacy. 24. {{U}}This fallacy leads people to believe that because one event occurred after another event, the first event somehow caused the second. That is, they sometimes make causal connection that are not proved. For example, if students began to perform better after a free breakfast program was instituted at their school, one could not assume that the improvement was caused by the breakfast program. There could of course be any number of other causes for this effect, and a responsible writer on the subject would analyze and consider them all before suggesting the cause.{{/U}}

问答题61. In recent years Westerners have reassured themselves and irritated others by expounding the notion that the culture of the West is and ought to be the culture of the world. This conceit takes two forms. One is the Coca-colonization thesis. Its proponents claim that Western, and more specifically American, popular culture is enveloping the world: American food, clothing, pop music, movies, and consumer goods are more and more enthusiastically embraced by people on every continent. The other has to do with modernization. It claims not only that the West has led the world to modern society, but that as people in other civilizations modernize they also westernize, abandoning their traditional values, institutions, and customs and adopting those that prevail in the West. Both theses project the image of an emerging homogeneous, universally Western world--and both are to varying degrees misguided, arrogant, false, and dangerous. Advocates of the Coca-colonization thesis identify culture with the consumption of material goods. 62. The heart of a culture, however, involves language, religion, values, traditions, and customs. Drinking Coca-Cola does not make Russians think like Americans any more than eating sushi makes Americans think like Japanese. Throughout human history, fads and material goods have spread from one society to another without significantly altering the basic culture of the recipient society.Enthusiasms for various items of Chinese, Hindu, and other cultures have periodically swept the Western world, with no discernible lasting spillover. The argument that the spread of pop culture and consumer goods around the world represents the triumph of Western civilization depreciates the strength of other cultures while trivializing Western culture by identifying it with fatty foods, faded pants, and fizzy drinks. The essence of Western culture is the Magna Carta, not the Magna Mac. The modernization argument is intellectually more serious than the Coca-colonization thesis, but equally flawed. 63. The tremendous expansion of scientific and engineering knowledge that occurred in the nineteenth century allowed humans to control and shape their environment in unprecedented ways. Modernization involves industrialization; urbanization; increasing levels of literacy, education, wealth, and social mobilization; and more complex and diverse occupational structures. It is a revolutionary process comparable to the shift from primitive to civilized societies that began in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates, the Nile, and the Indus about 5 000 B. C. 64.The attitudes, values, knowledge, and culture of people in a modern society differ greatly from those in a traditional society. As the first civilization to modernizer the West is the first to have fully acquired the culture of modernity. As other societies take on similar patterns of education, work, wealth, and class structure, the modernization argument runs, this Western culture will become the universal culture of the world.

问答题Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to the uses of humankind. Engineering has been defined as the creative application of "scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination." The term engineering is sometimes more loosely defined, especially in Great Britain, as the manufacture or assembly of engines, machine tools, and machine parts. Associated with engineering is a great body of special knowledge; preparation for professional practice involves extensive training in the application of that knowledge. The function of the scientist is to know, while that of the engineer is to do. The scientist adds to the store of verified, systematized knowledge of the physical world; the engineer brings this knowledge to bear on practical problems. Engineering is based principally on physics, chemistry, and mathematics and their extensions into materials science, solid and fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and systems analysis.

问答题健康处方帮你走出“第三状态” 激烈的竞争，需要我们全力以赴面对各种各样的挑战。但长时间精力充沛地工作和生活并非易事。相反，许多人都有过情绪低落、容易疲劳、不愿意运动、失眠、头痛、注意力不集中的经历，有人甚至长期或经常出现这种情况，可到医院检查没事，出了医院依旧难受。医学上将这种介于健康和疾病之间的边缘状态称之为“灰色状态“或“第三状态”。医学专家们对这种现代人的“通病”进行了大量研究，并开出了一系列简便可行的健康处方。 均衡营养合理膳食 理想的食谱首先要保证营养均衡，像糖、蛋白质、脂类、矿物质、维生素等必须的营养物质在每天的膳食中一样也不能少。都市中有两种不良营养倾向，一是营养和热量过剩，另一种倾向是为了节食导致某些营养素和热量的不足。这两种倾向都足以引起“灰色状态”。每一个健康的成年人每天需要1500卡路里的能量，工作量大者则需要2000卡路里的热量，不断补充营养是保持精力充沛的前提。此外还应注意：脂肪类食物不可多食亦不可不食，因为某些脂类是大脑运转所必需的。缺乏脂类将影响思维；但是若食用过多，短期内会产生昏昏欲睡的感觉，长期则在体内堆积，形成脂肪。 维生素作用大 从事文字工作或经常操作电脑者容易眼肌疲劳、视力下降，维生素A对语预防视力减弱有一定效果，所以要多吃鱼肉、猪肝、韭菜、鳗鱼等富含维生素A的食物；经常呆在办公室里的人日晒机会少，容易缺乏维生素D，需多吃海鱼、鸡肝等富含维生素D的食物；当人承受巨大的心理压力时，所消耗的维生素c将显著增加，而维生素C是人体不可或缺的营养物质，应尽可能多吃新鲜蔬菜、水果等富含维生素C的食物。 让“心”放松 每个人的心理状态和精力充沛程度在一天中不断变化，有高峰也有低谷。大多数人在午后达到精力的高峰，但也不乏个人差异。你不妨连续记录自己一天的心理状态，觉醒程度、反应速度、和进行的活动，找出自己的精力变化曲线，然后合理安排每日的话动。 美国科学家的一项调查显示，心理建康是所有精力充沛、事业有成者的标志，人生活在社会上难免有这样那样的痛苦和烦恼，要想应付各种挑战，重要的是通过心理调节维持心理平衡。日光照射可以改变大脑中某些信号物质的含量，使人情绪高涨，愿意从事富有挑战的活动。持续、高强度、快节奏的生活难免令人难以承受，疲劳、头痛、失眠等不适接踵而至。这些信号提醒你机体已经超负荷运转，该进行调整与休息了。每天抽出一段时间静坐，完全放松全身的肌肉，去掉脑中的一切杂念，将意念集中于丹田穴，可以调整全身的脏器活动。 让大自然帮助你 远离喧嚣的都市，到森林里，空气中负离子浓度较高，不仅能调节神经系统，而且可以促进胃肠消化、加深肺部的呼吸，在体力、脑力、心理等各方面起到良好的调节作用。办公室内勤动 长时间坐位工作的人应该每隔1小时活动一下。可以作简单的保健操，也可以随便活动活动筋骨。虽然用时不多，却可有效防止由“静坐”生活方式导致的慢性疾病。 午后打盹事半功倍 现在国外一些公司规定职员必须午睡，以保证工作效率，午睡时间宜在半小时左右，关键是质量。睡时最好能平躺在床上或沙发上，将身体伸展开来。不要扒在桌上睡，这种体位容易使空气受限，颈项和腰部的肌肉紧张，醒后很不舒服，易发生慢性颈肩病。