问答题"Parents Are Not Really the Best Teachers in One"s Life."

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. 21. {{U}}The greatest achievement of humankind in its long evolution from ancient hominoid ancestors to its present status is the acquisition and accumulation of a vast body of knowledge about itself, the world, and the universe. The products of this knowledge are all those things that, in the aggregate, we call "civilization", including language, science, literature, art, all the physical mechanisms, instruments, and structures we use, and the physical infrastructures on which society relies.{{/U}} 22. {{U}}Most of us assume that in modern society knowledge of all kinds is continually increasing and the aggregation of new information into the corpus of our social or collective knowledge is steadily reducing the area of ignorance about ourselves, the world, and the universe. But continuing reminders of the numerous areas of our present ignorance invite a critical analysis of this assumption.{{/U}} In the popular view, intellectual evolution is similar to, although much more rapid than, somatic evolution. Biological evolution is often described by the statement that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"--meaning that the individual embryo, in its development from a fertilized ovum into a human baby, passes through successive stages in which it resembles ancestral forms of the human species. The popular view is that humankind has progressed from a state of innocent ignorance, comparable to that of an infant, and gradually has acquired more and more knowledge, much as a child learns in passing through the several grades of the educational system. 23. {{U}}Implicit in this view is an assumption that phylogeny resembles ontogeny, so that there will ultimately be a stage in which the accumulation of knowledge is essentially complete, at least in specific fields, as if society had graduated with all the advanced degrees that signify mastery of important subjects.{{/U}} Such views have, in fact, been expressed by some eminent scientists. In 1894 the great American physicist Albert Michelson said in a talk at the University of Chicago: 24. {{U}}While it is never safe to affirm that the future of Physical Science has no marvels in store even more astonishing than those of the past, it seems probable that most of the grand underlying principles have been firmly established and that further advances are to be sought chiefly in the rigorous application of these principles to all the phenomena which come under our notice The future truths of Physical Science are to be looked for in the sixth place of decimals.{{/U}}

问答题“我的英语有多好?”这个问题对任何学习英语的人来说都是最重要的。知道这个问题的答案不仅有助于增强你的信心，而且如果你想取得更多的进步，知道这个答案是有用的，因为一旦知道已经达到一个水平，你就会开始向下一个水平进军。考试在学习过程中发挥另外一个重要作用一考试证明学习者是否熟练这门语言。通过语言考试远不只是激励了自己在语言方面的自尊。如果你想到英语国家去念大学，或者你想找一份需要英语技能的工作的话，通过语言考试就至关重要了。

问答题One of nature's most destructive forces is the tornado, a violent windstorm that takes the shape of a rotating column of air. Tornadoes almost always occur in conjunction with severe thunderstorms that produce high winds, heavy rainfall and damaging hail. Though their cause is unknown, tornadoes are believed to be the result of the convergence of strong upward wind currents inside a storm with upper level winds above the storm; the greater the air contrast, the more violent the storm will be. The United States has more tornadoes, approximately 750 tornadoes reported each year, than any other country in the world because this is where arctic and tropical air masses most frequently converge. This unpredictability makes accurate tornado forecasts difficult. Though it is possible to determine when a tornado is apt to occur, actual tornado warnings are issued only when a tornado has been sighted or reported on radar. Radar can be used to guess the storm's' likely path, its speed and the intensity of the storm. But conventional radar has limitations. An advanced form of radar, known as Doppler, has the ability to detect the first steps in the formation of a tornado. Unlike conventional radar, Doppler tracks a thunderstorm's rotating wind system which usually precedes the development of a tornado. As a result, Doppler has provided forecasters with the ability to issue tornado warnings as much as 20 minutes prior to a storm's touchdown, compared to a warning of less than 2 minutes by visual sighting. Though tornadoes remain one of nature's most violent forces, the use of radar and advanced warning systems has substantially narrowed their paths of destruction.

问答题 71.{{U}}One of the major pleasures in life is appetite, and one of our major duties should be to preserve it. Appetite is the keenness of living; it is one of the senses that tells you that you are still curious to exist, that you still have an edge on your longings and want to bite into the world and taste its multitudinous flavors and juices.{{/U}} By appetite, of course, I don't mean just the lust for food, but any condition of unsatisfied desire, any burning in the blood that proves you want more than you've got, and that you haven't yet used up your life. Wilde said he felt Sony for those who never got their heart's desire, but it nearly killed me, and I've always preferred wanting to having since. For appetite, to me, is this state of wanting, which keeps one's expectation alive. I remember learning this lesson long ago as a child, when treats and orgies were few, and when I discovered that the greatest pitch of happiness was not in actually eating a toffee but in gazing at it beforehand. True, the first bite was delicious, but once toffee was gone one was left with nothing, neither toffee nor lust. Besides, the whole toffeeness of toffees was imperceptibly diminished by the gross act of having eaten it. No, the best wasin wanting it, in sitting and looking at it, when one tasted an inexhaustible treasure-house of flavors. 72. {{U}}For that matter, I don't really want three square meals a day—I want one huge, delicious, orgiastic, table-groaning blow-out say every four days, and then not be too sure where the next one is coming from. A day of fasting is not for me just a puritanical device for denying oneself a pleasure, but rather a way of anticipating a rarer moment of supreme indulgence.{{/U}} So, for me, one of the keenest pleasures of appetite remains in the wanting, not the satisfaction, in wanting a peach, or a whisky, or a particular texture or sound, or to be with a particular friend. For in this condition, of course, I know that the object of desire is always at its most flawlessly perfect. Which is why I would carry the preservation of appetite to the extent of deliberate fasting, simply because I think that appetite is too good to lose, too precious to be bludgeoned into insensibility by satiation and over-doing it. Fasting is an act of homage to the majesty of appetite. So I think we should arrange to give up our pleasures regularly—our food, our friends, our lovers—in order to preserve their intensity, and the moment of coming back to them. For this is the moment that renews and refreshes both oneself and the thing one loves. Sailors and travelers enjoyed this once, and so did hunters, I suppose. Part of the weariness modern life may be that we live too much on tip of each other, and are entertained and fed too regularly. Once we were separated by hunger both from our food and families, and then we learned to value both. The men went off hunting, and the dogs went with them; the women and children waved goodbye. The cave was empty of men for days on end; nobody ate, or knew what to do. The women crouched by the fire, the wet smoke in their eyes; the children wailed; everybody was hungry. Then one night there were shouts and the barking of dogs from the hills, and the men came back loaded with meat. 73. {{U}}This was the great reunion, and everybody gorged himself and appetite came into its own; the long-awaited meal became a feast to remember and an almost sacred celebration of life. Now we go off to the office and come home in the evenings to cheap chicken and frozen peas. Very nice, but too much of it, too easy and regular. We eat, we are lucky, our faces are shining with fat, but we don't know the pleasure of being hungry anymore.{{/U}} Too much of anything—too much music, entertainment, happy time spent with one's friends—creates a kind of impotence of living because of which one can no longer hear, or taste, or see, or love. Life is short and precious, and appetite is one of its guardians, and loss of appetite is a sort of death. So if we are to enjoy this short life we should respect the divinity of appetite, and keep it eager and not too much blunted. It is a long time now since I knew that acute moment of bliss that comes from putting parched lips to a cup of cold water. The springs are still there to be enjoyed—all one needs is the original thirst.

问答题It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced, For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. Friedrich Engels predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex... into public industry.\

问答题TOPIC The more I learn, the more ignorant I find myself to be.

问答题Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and what it can do for us now than formerly. Summer homes, European vacations, travel, BMW's—such items do not seem less in demand than they did a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot admit their dreams as easily and openly as they once could, lest they be thought of as pushing, acquisitive, and vulgar. For such people and many more perhaps not so outstanding, the proper action seems to be, "Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious. " The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles, while its public defenders are few and ineffective. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and cultivated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its urges, but only that since it is no longer openly honored, it is therefore less often openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made devious.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}} Write an essay of 250 words on the ANSWER SHEET, discussing the influence that advertising has had on your life or the lives of your friends.{{/I}}

问答题科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然，在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人，他们具有一种特殊的思考与分析能力，具有无限的耐心进行观察和收集数据。但是，并不能把一切科学发现都归因于能力和耐心，科学发现常常与创造性的想像力紧密相关，的确，想像力的飞跃往往是通向发现的第一步。另外，科学家也以其诚实而著称。他们非常重视诚实，主要是因为诚实对他们的事业至关重要。他们提出的每一个理论都要受到进一步的检验。每一个错误或谎言必将被发现，因此，如果发现了与他们的想法相矛盾的证据，科学家不是隐瞒证据，而是修改甚至放弃他们的想法。这样，他们积累了极其大量的知识，这些知识帮助我们更好地了解自己及周围的世界。

问答题To most of us, nuclear is an all-or-nothing word. Nuclear war is unthinkable. Nuclear weapons must never be used. Nuclear power plants must be perfectly safe. (1) Nuclear meltdown is the end of the world, and "Going nuclear" means you've hit the fatal button, and there's no turning back. The crisis in Japan is teaching us that this isn't true. Nuclear safety, like nuclear doom, is never certain. Too many things can go wrong. And then, just when catastrophe seems inevitable, things can go right. (2) Our challenge in managing the current crisis, and in preparing for the next one, is to broaden our options. We can't anticipate or prevent every scenario. But we can give ourselves a fighting chance. (3) Two days ago, I spoke highly of the reactor containment at the Fukushima Daiichi (福岛) power plant for surviving the earthquake and tsunami that knocked out their primary and backup cooling system. "Everything that could go wrong did," I wrote. Hours later, and explosion damaged one of the containers. Now officials say a second container may have ruptured. Take that as a corollary to Murphy's Law. (4) Anyone who says " Everything that could go wrong did" is overlooking something else that could go wrong. No one could have predicted every misfortune that hit this plant. (5) First a quake bigger than any quake in Japan's history took out the power grid. Then a tsunami arrived with unprecedented speed and took out the backup diesel generators. An explosion at one reactor knocked out four of five pumps at another. A valve malfunction blocked water from being pumped into one of the reactors. Gauges failed. Instrument panels failed. A fire erupted in a spent-fuel storage pool in a reactor that had been offline for months. We don't know how this story will turn out. And that's the point. Failure is an option. So is success.

问答题The dimensions of tourism are astonishing. In 2012, the U. N. tourism organization celebrated reaching 1 billion international trips in a single year. In gross economic power it is in the same company as oil, energy, finance and agriculture. At least one out of every ten people around the world is employed by the industry, according to Wolfgang Weinz of the International Labour Organization. Travel has also become a default fund-raising technique. 【T1】 Today poor nations see tourism as their best bet out of poverty, second only to oil and energy as the major engine of development. Thailand is the world's biggest exporter of rice, yet its tourism is its number-one money earner. Costa Rica has turned its wilderness into a venue for highly profitable ecotourism. As some as Sri Lanka, and now Burma, began seeing an end to conflict, they opened the door to a rush of tourists. After the Arab Spring uprising, Egypt sent out a plea to cruise companies and tour operators to return and kick-start the economy. 【T2】 The U. N. tourism organization now places poverty reduction as one of its top objectives, along with the high-minded ideals of improving international peace and prosperity. Since the end of the Cold War and the opening of the world for travel, tourism has become an important industry that requires some infrastructure, from airfields to modern highways, it is less expensive than building factories. In theory, poor countries should be able to use the new revenue from the tourism industry to pay for the infrastructure while raising standards of living and improving the environment. One hundred of the world's poorest nations do earn up to 5 percent of their gross national product from foreign tourists who marvel at their exotic customs, buy suitcases of souvenirs and take innumerable photographs of stunning landscapes. 【T3】 But just as tourism is capable of lifting a nation out of poverty, it is just as likely to pollute the environment, reduce standards of living for the poor because the profits go to international hotel chains and corrupt local elites , and cater to the worst of tourism, including condemning children the exploitation of sex tourism. Like any major industry, tourism has a serious downside, especially since tourism and travel is underestimated as a global powerhouse, its study and regulation is spotty at best. 【T4】 Tourism is one of those double-edged swords that may look like an easy way to earn desperately needed money but can ravage wilderness areas and undermine native cultures to fit into package tours : a fifteen-minute snippet of a ballet performed in Southern India; native handicrafts refashioned to fit oversize tourists. What is known is that tourism and travel is responsible for 5. 3 per cent of the world's carbon emissions and the degradation of nearly every tropical beach in the world. To make way for more resorts with spectacular views, developers destroy native habitats and ignore local concerns. 【T5】 Preservationists decry the growing propensity to bulldoze old hotels and buildings in favor of constructing new resorts, water holes and entertainment spots that look identical whether in Singapore, Dubai or Johannesburg , a world where diversity is replaced with homogeneity. Another catastrophe for countries betting on tourism has come from wealthy vacationers who fall in love with a country and but so many second houses that locals can no longer afford to live in their own towns and villages.

问答题一个成熟的公共服务系统一建立起来，它将来成为社会持续发展的重要推动力量。

问答题1. Industrial-era thinking forces companies into characterizing their business models as being either product-or service-focused. This is a false choice. Making a product doesn"t define the market a company is creating or competing in. Describing a business as a manufacturer immediately constrains business model innovation opportunities. If we want to bring back manufacturing we have to start by changing our thinking about manufacturing. 2. When you graduate from the university, you exit with thousands of papers of personal text on which are inscribed beliefs and values shaped by years of education, family interactions, relationship, experience. These philosophies and ideologies certainly left an impression on you, but the rigor of the distillation process, the exercise of refinement, that"s where the real learning happened.

问答题道别是一种社交礼仪，它象征一次活动的终结。 在英国、美国和其他许多西方国家，告别具有特定的程式化表达模式。这些表达模式依不同的时间、地点、参加人和文化而变化。一般来说，客人应该先向主人告别。参加同一活动的两位宾客应该谁先告别并没有特定要求。有意思的是，在西方国家，客人提出告辞后不会马上离开，而是会再多待上10到15分钟再离开。出于礼貌，客人要反复告辞两三次以表示自己确实不愿离开。主人送客时会在门口与客人道别。更重要的是，客人要对主人的招待表示感谢。主人则要表示再次相聚的愿望。 在中国，送别客人所花费的时间要多得多。事实上，许多好客的主人会坚持把客人送出居民区，一直送到停车场或公共汽车站。而客人则要再三劝主人不必如此客气，而他们的努力自然是不会奏效的，因为双方的做法都是在遵循传统的礼仪规范。事实上，主人要等到客人再也看不见了才可以离开。在新疆，多数当地少数民族居民认为客人在门口道别离开后还要转身再次向主人表示感谢和祝福。 鞠躬在日本是一种非常重要的习俗。日本人总是不停地鞠躬。最普通的现象是他们在彼此问候及道别时以鞠躬代替握手。不论谁向你鞠躬，不回礼是无礼的表现。身体接触会令日本人不自在，但是，他们已经习惯与西方人握手了。 鞠躬看似简单，但方式是有区别的。这取决于你鞠躬致意的对象的社会地位和年龄。如果对方比你的地位高或年纪比你大，鞠躬角度应该更大，时间更长。此时弯腰鞠躬是礼貌的做法。男子通常将双手垂在身侧，女子则将双手叠放在大腿上，手指相触。如果是在非正式场合，类似于点头的鞠躬就可以了。最常见的形式是15度的鞠躬。你或许会觉得这种做法很怪异，但在日本还是要试着鞠躬。别人会认为你十分有礼!

问答题Outlines：1．现代人会遇到各种各样的压力；2．压力的来源；3．如何减轻自己的压力。

问答题Directions: Write a composition of about 180 words on the following topic. Your composition should be written on Answer Sheet Ⅱ. The Values of Failure