填空题The old lady was greatly relieved to find her son coming back from the war safe and sound.(relief) ____________________.

填空题The moat striking feature of such encounters is how rarely they occur. What is ______.

填空题Increasing numbers of people have migrated from the countryside and moved into towns and cities over the (77) . Most are in the Third World, where they are (78) accommodate because facilities are at their most inadequate and meager resources are most stretched. In spite of (79) living conditions, the vast numbers of people moving into cities constitute the biggest (80) ever. While governments can take action to improve the conditions of squatters, the real solution is to (81) the process of urbanization. But to do this governments need to change the ways in which they (82) their development funds on the urban areas. If their priorities (83) , rural productivity could be increased and this would help develop the national economy. In the end, however, the rural population also lacks the (84) that their urban countrymen can exert on governments.A. dreadfulB. hardest toC. elatedD. slow downE. boostF. last two centuriesG. mass migrationH. authorityI. previous centuryJ. marketK. were reversedL. were abandonedM. concentrateN. power

填空题This is the longest flight I have ever taken. By the time we get to Los Angeles, we had flown for 9 hours.A. longestB. have ever takenC. had flownD. for

填空题Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased (51) that causes rapid rises in prices. (52) your money buys fewer goods so that you get (53) for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise (54) the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a (55) when "a dollar is not worth a dollar any- more". Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the (56) . Retired people, for instance, cannot (57) on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to (58) their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income (59) any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to (60) up with rising prices. In many cases they must stop (61) some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even (62) working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The (63) of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up with their standard of living, Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep (64) with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living as (65) because they are not able to buy as many goods and services. Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes (66) which the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a (67) year as the base. The base price is set (68) 100, and the other prices are reported as a (69) of the base price. A price index makes (70) possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years.

填空题Researchers who refuse to share data with others may (31) others to withhold results from them, (32) a study by health-policy analysts at Harvard Medical School. The study found that young researchers, those who publish (33) , and investigators seeking patents are most likely to be (34) access to biomedical data. It also found that researchers who withhold data gain a (35) for this, and have more difficulty in (36) data from others. The study was (37) by a research team led by sociologist Eric Campbell. The team surveyed 2,366 (38) selected scientists at 117 US medical schools. Overall, 12.5 percent said that they had been denied (39) to other academic investigators' data, (40) article reprints, during the past three years. This (41) with findings by the team and other groups. But by examining the (42) of data withholding, the team identified those experiencing the most (43) . For junior staff (44) , the team found that 13.5 percent were denied access, (45) 5.1 percent of senior re searchers. The (46) between data withholding and researchers' publishing (47) during the (48) three years was (49) : 7.7 percent of those who had published 1-5 articles had had data with held from them, but this rose to 28.9 percent for researchers who had published more than 20. Campbell warns, "Selectively holding back on information from the most (50) researchers could slow down progress in research into the causes and cares of human disease./

填空题The instinctive foundation of the intellectual life is curiosity, which is found among animals in its elementary form. Intelligence demands an alert curiosity, but it must be of a certain kind. The sort that leads village neighbors to try to peer through curtains after dark has not very high value. The widespread interest in gossip is inspired, not by love of knowledge, but by malice; no one gossips about other people's secret virtues, but only about their secret vices. Accordingly, most gossip is untrue, but care is taken not to verify it. (66) You may see this impulse, in a moderately pure form, at work in a cat that has been brought to a strange room and proceeds to smell every corner and every piece of furniture. You will see it also in children, who are passionately interested when a drawer or cupboard, usually closed, is open for their inspection. Animals, machines, thunderstorms, and all forms of manual work arouse the curiosity of children, whose thirst for knowledge puts the most intelligent adult to shame. (67) This is the stage at which people announce that "things are not what they were in my young days." The thing that is not the same as it was in that far-off time is the speaker's curiosity. (68) If curiosity is to be fruitful, it must be associated with a certain technique for the acquisition of knowledge; there must be habits of observation, belief in the possibility of knowledge, patience, and industry. (69) But since our intellectual life is only a part of our activity, and since curiosity is perpetually coming into conflict with other passions, there is need of certain intellectual virtues, such as open-mindedness. We become unreceptive to new truth both from habit and from desire; we find it hard to disbelieve what we have emphatically believed for a number of years and also what ministers to self-esteem or any other fundamental passion. (70) A. And with the death of curiosity, we may reckon that active intelligence, also, has died.B. This impulse grows weaker with advancing years until at last what is unfamiliar inspires only disgust, with no desire for a closer acquaintance.C. Broadly speaking, the higher the order of generality, the greater is the intelligence involved.D. Curiosity properly so-called, on the other hand, is inspired by a genuine love of knowledge.E. Open-mindedness should, therefore, be one of the qualities that education aims at producing.F. These things will develop of themselves, given the original fund of curiosity and the proper intellectual education.

填空题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} Over the past two decades, the lives of American women have undergone unparalleled change. The Virginia Slims Opinion Poll has chronicled that change in national surveys conducted six times since 1970. {{U}}(71) {{/U}} One of the most striking findings of the 1990 Virginia Slims Opinion Poll is the degree of consensus—rather than conflict—in women's and men's attitudes about the changing roles of women. In many respects, the two sexes agree. Men express strong and consistent support for women's improved status in society. {{U}}(72) {{/U}}And they agree that the most tangible way in which they could help women balance jobs and family is to take on more household work. But men are also a major cause of resentment and stress for American women. {{U}}(73) {{/U}}Now, a generation of sweeping change later, women's expectations have outpaced the change in men's behavior. Token help with the dishes or the children no longer inspires women's gratitude. {{U}}(74) {{/U}}. Increasingly, the kitchen table has become that bargaining table. {{U}}(75) {{/U}}Next to money, "how much my mate helps around the house" is the single biggest cause of resentment among women who are married or living as if married, with 52 percent citing this as a problem. Improvement in this area is one of the top things women cite when they consider what would make their lives better.A. There is evidence in the poll that waiting for men to live up to the ideal of equal responsibility is a major irritant for most women today.B. Together, these surveys provide a comprehensive picture of women's changing status, and of their views of the future.C. In 1970, most women were concerned about getting men to share household chores.D. They, like women, believe that sex discrimination remains an important problem in the work-place.E. Over the past three generations, expectations of men as rulers and protectors of the household have changed.F. Instead, as women contribute more to the family income, they expect in return a more equal division of the household responsibilities.

填空题It is very hard to believe that when Lincoln was born, communications were a little faster than in the days of Julius Caesar.A. It isB. that whenC. a littleD. in the days

填空题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} To me personally, the most remarkable and, in the long run, the most influential man who was translated was not a Greek. That is because I am interested in the perception of objects in space. And that was a subject about which the Greeks were totally wrong. It was understood for the first time about the year AD 1000 by an eccentric mathematician whom we call Alhazen, who was the one really original scientific mind that Arab culture produced.{{U}} (66) {{/U}}Alhazen first recognized that we see an object because each point of it directs and reflects a ray into the eye. The Greek view could not explain how an object, my hand say, seems to change size when it moves. In Alhazen's account it is clear that the cone of rays that comes from the outline and shape of my hand grows narrower as I move my hand away from you.{{U}} (67) {{/U}}And that, and only that, accounts for the difference in size. It is so simple a notion that it is astonishing that scientists paid almost no attention to it for six hundred years.{{U}} (68) {{/U}}The concept of the cone of rays from object to the eye becomes the foundation of perspective [透视画法]. And perspective is the new idea which now revivifies mathematics. {{U}} (69) {{/U}}A manuscript of Alhazen's Optics in translation in the Vatican Library in Rome is annotated by Lorenzo Ghiberti, who made the famous bronze perspectives for the doors of the Baptistry in Florence. He was not the first pioneer of perspective--that may have been Filippo Brunelleschi--and there were enough of them to form an identifiable school of the Perspectivi. {{U}} (70) {{/U}} A. It was a school of thought, for its aim was not simply to make the figures lifelike, but to create the sense of their movement in space. B. The Greeks had thought that light goes from the eyes to the object. C. The excitement of perspective passed into art in north Italy, in Florence and Venice, in the fifteenth century. D. As I move it towards you, the cone of rays that enters our eye becomes larger and subtends a larger angle. E. Above all, we feel that the painter's eye is on the move. F. But artists attended to it long before that, and in a practical way.

填空题(Depictions) of animals and hunting scenes (can found) (in) the prehistoric cave paintings of (nearly every) continent. A. Depictions B. can found C. in D. nearly every