填空题(Cigarette smoke) has been shown to contain numerous compounds that (are known to) cause cancer in experimental animals and (they) appear to be strongly (linked to) human cancer, especially cancer of the lung A. Cigarette smoke B. are known C. they D. linked to

填空题 English remains a dominant and universal language, which presently{{U}} (51) {{/U}}as a connection-link between great varieties of different nations. Now English is spoken mainly in every corner of the world. It is very convenient in{{U}} (52) {{/U}}of facilitating contacts between people from different countries. The British council put the figure of 750 million English language speakers. The only{{U}} (53) {{/U}} that the percentage of papers published in English has gone from 65% to 85% in the last 25 years is self-explanatory and only{{U}} (54) {{/U}}the prevalence of English in all spheres of life. The importance of English skills has been exaggerated to the{{U}} (55) {{/U}}that it overweighs practically everything in assessing person's competency. {{U}} (56) {{/U}}of controversial information that English dominance will be replaced by Chinese, Arabic or Hindi languages by 2050, which was introduced by a linguist and methodologist David Graddol, a quantity of English language learners is increasing by{{U}} (57) {{/U}}and bounds. It is quite reasonable that everybody in the world should be{{U}} (58) {{/U}}an opportunity to learn English in order to be able to communicate effectively at the global level Though, this is by no{{U}} (59) {{/U}}always the case that English learning comes easily to people. Many English learners struggle with English to no purpose for years and cannot master it, whatever{{U}} (60) {{/U}}they exert. The point is that some people have{{U}} (61) {{/U}}linguistic abilities, so called a feeling for languages and a way{{U}} (62) {{/U}}for others is to learn how to learn English effectively. Most of us can succeed{{U}} (63) {{/U}}dint of our diligence and perseverance. Undoubtedly, every person eau become a successful English learner. The main thing is to sort{{U}} (64) {{/U}}and develop a set of successful language learning techniques, which, indeed,{{U}} (65) {{/U}}from one learner to another. 1. Have curiosity to learn English and cognate something new, opening unexplored horizons of knowledge. Curiosity is a{{U}} (66) {{/U}}force, which will push you up in English learning. You can be inquisitive about language, culture, traditions, or even people who{{U}} (67) {{/U}}this country. You should always try to find a force, which will make you tick and help you advance with rapid strides. Someone calls it motivation; others name it an eager{{U}} (68) {{/U}}to learn. No matter how it is called, the main thing is that it brings lasting and positive results. 2. Treat realistically a{{U}} (69) {{/U}}of your goal, your potential and your time. Remember that English learning is impossible to limit within some frameworks. Because language learning has a beginning, but it does not have an exact ending, as English learning prolongs in the whole{{U}} (70) {{/U}}of your life.

填空题A Danish priest sold roses from his garden in aid of local orphans. (help) ______.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%) {{B}}Flowers for the Dead{{/B}} Since flowers symbolize new life, it may seem inappropriate to have them at funerals. Yet people in many cultures top coffins or caskets with wreaths and garlands and put blossoms on the graves of the{{U}} (36) {{/U}}. This custom is part of a widespread, long-lived pattern. Edwin Daniel Wolff speculated that floral tributes to the dead are an outgrowth of the grave goods of ancient{{U}} (37) {{/U}}. In cultures that firmly believed in an{{U}} (38) {{/U}}, and that believed further that the departed could enter that afterlife only{{U}} (39) {{/U}}they took with them indications of their worldly status, it was a necessity to bury the dead with material goods: hence the wives and animals that were killed to accompany{{U}} (40) {{/U}}rulers, the riches{{U}} (41) {{/U}}with Egyptian pharaohs, and the coins that Europeans used to place on the departed person's eyes as payment for the Stygian ferryman. In time, as economy modified tradition, the actual{{U}} (42) {{/U}}goods were replaced{{U}} (43) {{/U}}symbolic representations. In China, for example, gold and silver paper became a stand-in{{U}} (44) {{/U}}real money. Eventually even the symbolic significance became obscured. Thus, Wolff said, flowers may be the{{U}} (45) {{/U}}step in "three well-marked stages of offerings to the dead: the actual object, its substitute in various forms, and finally mere tributes of respect."

填空题（复旦大学2010年试题） Business and government leaders consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spending that causes rapid rises in prices. When your money buys fewer goods so that you get【1】for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise【2】the prices and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when "a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore". Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the best. Retired people, for instance, can not count【3】an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to【4】their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income or any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to keep up with rising prices. In many cases they must stop【5】some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even for working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The cost of living goes【6】, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep pace with【7】prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same【8】of money, but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy as many goods and services. Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes from【9】the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a given year as the base. The base price is set at 100, and the other prices are reported as a percentage of the base price. A price index makes【10】possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous year.

填空题Advertising is paid, nonpersonal communication that is designed to communicate in a creative manner, through the use of mass or information-directed media, the nature of products, services, and ideas. It is a form of persuasive communication that offers information about products, ideas, and services that serves the objectives determined by the advertiser. 1 Thus, the ultimate objective of advertising is to sell things persuasively and creatively. Advertising is used by commercial firms trying to sell products and services; by politicians and political interest groups to sell ideas or persuade voters; by not-for-profit organizations to raise funds, solicit volunteers, or influence the actions of viewers; and by governments seeking to encourage or discourage particular activities, such a wearing seatbelts, participating in the census, or ceasing to smoke. 2 The visual and verbal commercial messages that are a part of advertising are intended to attract attention and produce some response by the viewer. Advertising is pervasive and virtually impossible to escape. Newspapers and magazines often have more advertisements than copy; radio and television provide entertainment but are also laden with advertisements; advertisements pop up on Internet sites; and the mail brings a variety of advertisements. 3 In shopping malls, there are prominent logos on designer clothes, moviegoers regularly view advertisements for local restaurants, hair salons, and so on, and live sporting and cultural events often include signage, logos, products, and related information about the event sponsors. 4 Although the primary objective of advertising is to persuade, it may achieve this objective in many different ways. An important function of advertising is the identification function , that is, to identify a product and differentiate it from others; this creates an awareness of the product and provides a basis for consumers to choose the advertised product over other products. 5 The third function of advertising is to induce consumers to try new products and to suggest reuse of the product as well as new uses; this is the persuasion function. A. Another function of advertising is to communicate information about the product, its attributes, and its location of sale, this is the information function. B. The forms that advertising takes and the media in which advertisements appear are as varied as the advertisers themselves and the messages that they wish to deliver. C. An especially important issue in the creation of advertising is related to understanding how much information consumers want about a given product. D. Advertising may influence consumers in many different ways, but the primary goal of advertising is to increase the probability that consumers exposed to an advertisement will behave or believe as the advertiser wishes. E. Advertising also exists on billboards along the freeway, in subway and train stations, on benches at bus stops, and on the frames around car license plates. F. The pervasiveness of advertising and its creative elements are designed to cause viewers to take note.

填空题(The above) is the most important aspect (which) apes (can be told) from more (primitive) social groupings.A. The aboveB. whichC. can be toldD. primitive

填空题 Directions: This part consists of two short passages. In these passages, there are altogether 20 mistakes. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark ( ∧ ) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. The improbable chain of events that leads Alexander Fleming 1. ______ to discover penicillin in 1928 is the stuff which scientific myths 2. ______ are made. It was a discovery that would change the course of the history. The active ingredient in that mold, which Fleming named penicillin, turned to be an infection-fighting agent of 3. ______ enormous potency. When it was finally recognized as what it was--the efficacious life-saving drug in the world--penicillin 4. ______ would alter forever the treatment of bacterial infections. By the middle of the century, Fleming's discovery spawned a huge phar- 5. ______ maceutical industry, churning out synthetic penicillin that would conquer some of man-kind's most ancient scourges, including syphilis, gangrene, and tuberculosis. When he died a heart attack in 1955, he was mourned by 6. ______ the world and buried as a national hero in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral in London. Although Fleming's scientific work in and of itself may not have reached great, his singular contribution 7. ______ changed the practice of medicine. He deserves our utmost recog- nition. At the same time, we must bear on mind that the 8. ______ "Fleming Myth", as he called it, embodies the accomplishments of many giants of anti-biotic development. Fleming is but a cho- sen representative for the likes of Florey, Chain, Domagk, and Waksman, many of who remain, sadly, virtual unknowns. 9. ______ Their achievements have made the world a better, healthier place. In commemorating Fleming, and we commemorate them 10. ______ all. How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare with adults learning a foreign 11. ______ language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds to a complete 12. ______ master of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed 13. ______ mental powers, in most cases, may end up in a faulty and inex- 14. ______ act command. What accounts of this difference? 15. ______ Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly with the child himself, partly in the behavior of the 16. ______ people surround him. In the first place, the time of learning the 17. ______ mother tongue is the most favorably of all, namely, the first 18. ______ years of life. A child hears it speak from morning till night and, 19. ______ what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks all the words and expressions which come to 20. ______ him in a fresh，ever-bubbling spring．There is no resistance： there is perfect assimilation．

填空题Thinkaboutwhatwouldmakeyoureally,reallyhappy.Moremoney?Wrong.Smiling,well-adjustedkids?Wrongagain.Thefactisweareterribleatpredictingthesourceofjoy.Andwhateverchoiceswedomake,welikelylaterdecideitwasallforthebest.Theseareinsightsfromhappinesseconomics,perhapsthehottestfieldinwhatusedtobecalledthedismalscience.Happinessiseverywhere--onthebest-sellerlists,inthemindsofpolicymakers,andfrontandcenterforeconomists--yetitremainselusive.Thegoldenroleofeconomicshasalwaysbeenthatwell-beingisasimplefunctionofincome.That'swhynationsandpeoplealikestriveforhigherincomes-moneygivesuschoiceandameasureoffreedom.Afteracertainincomecan,wesimplydon'tgetanyhappier.Anditisn'twhatwehave,butwhetherwehavemorethanourneighbor,thatreallymatters.Sothenewslastweekthatin2006tophedge-fundmanagerstookhome$240million,minimum,probablydidn'tmakethemanyhappier,itjustmadetherestofuslessso.Nowpolicymakersareracingtofigureoutwhatmakespeoplehappy,andjusthowtheyshoulddeliverit.CountriesasdiverseasBhutan,Australia,China,ThailandandtheU.ICarecomingupwith"happinessindexer,"tobeusedalongsideGDPasaguidetosociety'sprogress.InBritain,the"politicsofhappiness"willlikelyfigureprominentlyinnextyear'selections.Nevermindthattheworld'stophappinessresearchersrecentlygatheredataconferenceinRometodebatewhetherjoyisevenmeasurable.Whyisthisallhappeningnow?onlyinthelastdecadehaveeconomists,psychologists,biologistsandphilosophersbeguncross-pollinatinginsuchawaytoarriveat"happinessstudies".HarvardpsychologistDanielGilberthumorouslysumsupmuchofthenewwisdominhisbook"StumblingonHappiness".Hesays24-hourtelevisionandtheInternethaveallowedusalltoseemoreseeminglyhappypeoplethaneverbefore."We'resurroundedbythelifestylesoftherichandfamous,"saysGilbert,"rubbingournosesinthefactthatothershavemore."ofcourse,theideathatmoneyisn'ttherealkeytohappinessisn'tnew.The18th-centryBritishEnlightenmentthinkerJeremyBenthamarguedthatpublicpolicyshouldtryto.maximizehappiness,andmanyprominenteconomistsagreedbutcouldnotquiteembracetheidea.Therewasjustnowaytomeasurehappinessobjectively.oneoftheearlyrevelationsofhappinessresearch,fromRichardEasterlinattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,wasthatwhilethericharetypicallyhappierthanthepoor,thehappinessboostfromextracashisn'tthatgreatonceonerisesabovethepovertyline.Thereason,saysEasterlin,isthe"hedoniccycle":wegetusedtobeingricherdamquick,andtakeitforgrantedorcompareittowhatothershave,notwhatweusedtohave.Tumsout,keepingupwiththeJonesesishard-wiredintoourbrains,thankstoourpack-creatureroots.Thoughmanyhappinessresearcherssay"workless,playmore"istheformulaforhappiness,RuutVeenhoven,aprofessoratErasmusUniversityinRotterdam,suggestsotherwise.Hard-workingAmericansranks17thonhislist;thehard-vacationingFrench39th.HumanbeingsdowantaEuropean-stylesafetynet,butalsowantfreedomandopportunity.Andperhapsourintuitionsabouthappinessshouldtriumphoverthefuzzydata,anyway.Theeconomicsofhappinesshasgivenusacoupleoffairlyhardandfastrolesaboutwell-being-beingtrulypoorisbad,andtimewithfriendsandfamilyaregood.Thegoodnewsisthatwhateverchoiceswemakeindividuallyandassocietiesinthepursuitofhappinessthere'sgoodchancethatthey'llseembetterinhindsight.Yetanothertruismofhappinessisthat"weallwearrose-coloredglasseswhenitcomestoourpastdecision-making,"saysGilbert.Today'sdreadfullifechoicewilllikelybetomorrow'shappyaccident.Wearepooratprevisionoftheoriginofhapiness,andwewouldprobablybelievethedecisionwemadeisthemostsatisfactory.TheHappinesshasbecome16everywherebuttoughtodefine.Nationsandpeoplemanagetogainhigherincomesbasedontheprincipleofeconomicsthat17arerelatedtohapiness,butthatisnot18.Wealthaloneisn'tnecessarilywhatmakesushappy.Itmakesdifferentifwepossessmorethan19,andthat'swhywefeelunhappytofindthosetop20havesuperlativeincome.Somenationsarebeginningtoconsiderissueslikemeasuringsociety'sprogressby21aswellasGDP,andresearchersheldseminartoexchangesurveysaboutthe22,thoughtheinfluentialtopicwasadvanced10yearsago.Theissuethatastatepolicyshouldbe23thehappinessofthemajority,eruptedmanydecadesagobyBritishEnlightenmentthinkerJeremyBenthamandacceptedbymanyeminenteconomists,couldnotfairly24,becausehappinesscannotbeobjectivelymeasured.The25ofthehappinessmadebyRichardEasterlinisthatthewealthmakespeoplehappier,buttheirhappinesswillnot26asgreatasitshouldbeiftheyliveabovethe27.Thecaneasilytakethelifeforgrantedand28themoreexpansivewayoflife.Theyare29tocomparethelifewithothersandmanagetokeepupwiththeJoneses.RuutVeenhoven,aprofessoratErasmusUniversityinRotterdam,doesnotsupportthe30"workless,playmore".Accordingtohisinvestigationofhappinesslist,peoplewantaEuropen-style31andwanttoenjoyfreedomandopportunityaswell.Weshouldprobablygobeyondtheconfusinginformationand32thefairlyprinciplesofthehappiness:povertyis33,stayingwithfriendsandfamilyis34,andthedecisionsmade35arebychancetobehappyexperience.

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填空题The scientists, (concerned about) the potential hazards, wanted (the latest) research finding (made) (publicly).A. concerned about B. the latest C. made D. publicly

填空题(No wonder) that (man's) great dream has been someday to control the weather. The first step toward control is, of course, knowledge, and scientists have been (hard at work) for years trying to (keep track for) the weather. A. No wonder B. man’s C. hard at work D. keep track of

填空题In proposing such philanthropic donations, the director of the company certainly spoke from a genuine concern for the needy and not any desire for personal accolades.A.such philanthropic donationsB.fromC.for the needyD.any desire