单选题Such questions should be approached honestly and in full awareness that ______ loan agreements will cost money due to cancellation or other charges. A. compressing B. terminating C. conforming D. contending

单选题At the end of the year all department stores______prices to encourage sales.

单选题She was______by the lack of appreciation shown of her hard work.(2003年清华大学考博试题)

单选题Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language. Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles (feedback) are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: " The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions. " Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger? Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive. What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses. ) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings. Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression " keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response—as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.

单选题Donor fatigue and______of the country's poverty are now causing those hopes to wither.

单选题 {{B}}Questions 21—24 are based on the following monologue. You now have 15 seconds to read question 21—24.{{/B}}

单选题Teachers have the authority to discipline pupils______their position as a teacher.

单选题If you always______people won't believe what you say.

单选题As we have seen in earlier chapters, the American definition of success is largely one of acquiring wealth and a higher material standard of living. It is not surprising, therefore, that Americans have valued education for its monetary value. The belief is widely spread in the United States that the more schooling people have, the more money they will earn when they leave school. The belief is strongest regarding the desirability of an undergraduate university degree, or a professional degree such as medicine or law following the undergraduate degree. The money value of graduate degrees in "non-professional" fields such as art, history, or philosophy is not as great. This belief in the monetary value of education is supported by statistics on income. Ben Wattenberg, a social scientist, estimated that in the course of a lifetime a man with a college degree in 1972 would earn about ￥380,000 more than a man with just a high school diploma. Perhaps this helps to explain survey findings which showed that Americans who wished they had led their lives differently in some way regretted most of all that they did not get more education. The regret is shared by those who have made it to the top and by those who have not. Journalist Richard Reeves quotes a black worker in a Ford automobile factory. When I was in the ninth grade, I was getting bad grades and messing around. My father came home in the kitchen one night with a pair of Ford work pants and he threw them in my face. "Put these on," he said, "because you're going to be wearing them the rest of your life if you don't get an education." Douglas Fraser, the president of the United Auto Workers Union, regretted not finishing high school so much that he occasionally lied about it. He told Richard Reeves about his pride in graduating from high school, but then a few minutes later he said, "I wasn't telling the truth about high school. I never finished. I quit in the twelfth grade to take a job. It's funny after all these years, I still lie about it. Because the fact is, I still think it was a stupid thing to do. I should have finished my education." Even a man like Fraser, a nationally known and successful leader, was troubled by regrets that he did not climb higher on the educational ladder.

单选题The new manager had many difficulties to overcome but he______ them all in his stride.

单选题The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful ballons ______ slowly into the sky. A. floating B. raising C. heaving D. ascending

单选题We can infer from the second paragraph that nowadays the children ______.

单选题By the year 2010, scientists probably ______ an effective treatment for cancer.

单选题The following paragraph would most probably deal with ______.

单选题They suggested that an agency be created to Ucarry out/U, the recommendation of the committee.

单选题In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks, many Americans feel we may begin to see the erosion of some of our civil liberties. There is concern we may be subject to personal searches and increased monitoring of our activities, all in the name of safety and security. On the computing front, I would argue that we already have had to surrender many of our liberties to protect ourselves from computer viruses and other security breaches. As much as vendors and network administrators try to make scanning for viruses an unobtrusive process for the end user, we still are inconvenienced by the routines mandated by the guardians of our corporate computing security. However, inconvenience takes a back seat to the outright need for security. Viruses are more than inconvenient; they cause real damage. Computer Economics estimates the cost of virus attacks on information systems around the world, including cleanup costs and lost productivity, has already reached $10.7 billion so far this year. Compare that figure with $17.1 billion for all of 2000 and $12.1 billion for 1999. I know you're thinking. "I'm only one person. How can I spend the necessary time to safeguard my company against viruses and security holes and still do my regular job?" Realistically, you can't. But there are resources to help you. Microsoft has just announced a new initiative called the Strategic Technology Protection Program. Among the services being offered are free technical support related to viruses and a security tool kit that includes patches and service packs that address security vulnerabilities in Windows NT and 2000. The FBI and SANS Institute have just released their top 20 list of the most critical Internet security vulnerabilities. The majority of successful attacks on computer systems via the Internet can be traced to exploitation of security flaws on this list. Study the list at www. sanq. org. The Center for Internet Security provides methods and tools to improve, monitor and compare the security status of your Internet-connected systems. Find out how to benchmark your organization's status at www. cisecurity, org. Software vendors such as Network Associates, Symantec and Computer Associates have very informative virus resource centers. The Symantec Antivirus Research Center (www. symantec, com/avcenter) has an online newsletter and in-depth information about viruses. Likewise, the CA Virus Information Center offer tips on managing virus incidents and protecting messaging systems. Just like our national defense, the best protection against a debilitating virus attack is knowledge of the vulnerabilities and the means to plug the security holes. Be proactive and vigilant, and make use of the numerous resources at your disposal.

单选题The speaker went on and on, ______ to his listeners' obvious boredom.