单选题{{B}}Passage Six{{/B}} Although solutions to a problem are often the. fruit of direct investments in targeted research, the most revolutionary solutions tend to emerge from cross-pollination with other disciplines. Medical investigators might never have known of X rays, since they do not naturally occur in biological systems. It took a physicist, Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen, to discover them--light rays that could probe the body's interior with nary a cut from a surgeon. Here's a more recent example of cross-pollination. Soon after the Hubble Space Telescope was launched in April 1990, NASA engineers realized that the telescope's primary mirror--which gathers and reflects the light from celestial objects into its cameras and spectrographs-had been ground to an incorrect shape. In other words, the billion-and-a-half-dollar telescope was producing fuzzy images. As if to make lemonade out of lemons, though, computer algorithms came to the rescue. Investigators developed a range of clever and innovative image-processing techniques to compensate for some of Hubble's shortcomings. Tums out, maximizing the amount of information that could be extracted from a blurry astronomical image is technically identical to maximizing the amount of information that can be extracted from a mammogram. Soon the new techniques came into common use for detecting early signs of breast cancer. In 1997, for Hubble's second servicing mission, shuttle astronauts swapped in a brand-new, high-resolution digital detector-designed to the demanding specs of astronomers whose careers are based on being able to see small, dim things in the cosmos. That technology is now incorporated in a minimally invasive, low-cost system for doing breast biopsies, the next stage after mammograms in the early diagnosis of cancer. Today, cross-pollination between science and society comes about when you have ample funding for ambitious, long-term projects. America has profited immensely from a generation of scientists and engineers who, instead of becoming lawyers or investment bankers, responded to a challenging vision posed in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy. "We intend to land a man on the Moon," proclaimed Kennedy, welcoming the citizenry to aid in the effort. That generation, and the one that followed, was the same generation of technologists who invented the personal computer. Bill Gates, co-founder of Microsoft, was thirteen years old when the U. S. landed an astronaut on the Moon; Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple Computer, was fourteen. The PC did not arise from the mind of a banker or artist or professional athlete. It was invented and developed by a technically trained workforce, who had responded to the dream unfurled before them, and were thrilled to become scientists and engineers.

单选题The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra industrial-wars that______Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one another. A. pitted B. drove C. kept D. embarked

单选题Young women from every state ______ for the title of Miss America.

单选题Mary and John took a long time in saying good night in order to postpone the ______ of parting. A. jealousy B. relief C. anguish D. appreciation

单选题Despite almost universal __________ of the vital importance of women’s literacy, education remains a dream for many women in far too many countries of the world.

单选题Why are Democrats and some Republicans concerned that the project will erode civil Liberties?

单选题The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax [A] efficiency [B] revenues [C] privileges [D] validity

单选题Where in our brain do we ______ meanings to words?

单选题Nobody in the company pays attention to his opinion, because what he has said is always mere______ A. commonplace B. common C. ordinary D. homely

单选题According to the passage, living science is impossible with, out widespread belief in the existence of

单选题The old man______the events of the time in accordance with his peculiar ideas.

单选题The changes in globally averaged temperature that have occurred at the Earth"s surface over the past century are similar in size and timing to those 21 by models that take into account the combined influences of human factors and solar variability. To 22 the question of attribution requires the 23 of more powerful and complex methods, beyond the use of global averages alone. New studies have focused on 24 maps or patterns of temperature change in 25 and in models. Pattern analysis is the climatologically equivalent of the more comprehensive tests in the medical analogy mentioned 26 , and makes it possible to achieve more definitive 27 of observed climate changes to a particular cause or causes. The expected influence of human activities is thought to be much more complex than uniform warming over the entire surface of the Earth and over the whole 28 cycle. Patterns of change over space and time therefore provide a more powerful 29 technique. The basic idea 30 pattern-based approaches is that different 31 causes of climate change have different characteristic patterns of climate response or fingerprints. Attribution studies seek to 32 a fingerprint match between the patterns of climate change 33 by models and those actually observed. The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible 34 on global climate and that these activities will have and increasing influence on future climate. The burning of coal, oil and natural gas, as well as various agricultural and industrial practices, are 35 the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change, These human activities have led to increased atmospheric 36 of a number of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and so on in the lower atmosphere. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil, have also increased the 37 of small particles in the atmosphere. These particles can change the 38 of energy that is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere. They are also believed to modify the 39 of air and clouds, changing the amount of energy that they absorb and reflect. Intensive studies of the climatic effects of these particles began only recently and the overall 40 is uncertain. It is likely that the net effect of these small particles is to cool the climate and to partially offset the warming of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases.

单选题What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

单选题The oil price rise reactivated the boom in commodity prices and ______ inflation, which reached an annual rate of 15 per cent in the spring of 1974.

单选题It is appropriate on an anniversary of the founding of a university to remind ourselves of its purposes. It is equally appropriate at such time for students to (21) why they have been chosen to attend and to consider how they can best (22) the privilege of attending. At the least you as students can hope to become (23) in subject matter which may be useful to you in later life. There is, (24) , much more to be gained. It is now that you must learn to exercise your mind sufficiently (25) learning becomes a joy and you thereby become a student for life. (26) this may require an effort of will and a period of self-discipline. Certainly it is not (27) without hard work. Teachers can guide and encourage you, but learning is not done passively. To learn is your (28) . There is (29) the trained mind satisfaction to be derived from exploring the ideas of others, mastering them and evaluating them. But there is (30) level of inquiry which I hope that some of you will choose. If your study takes you to the (31) of understanding of a subject and, you have reached so far, you find that you can penetrate to (32) no one has been before, you experience an exhilaration which can't be denied and which commits you to a life of research. Commitment to a life of scholarship or research is (33) many other laudable goals. It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even (34) other facets of life prove disappointing. I strongly (35) it.

单选题"Before, we were too black to be white. Now, we're too white to be black." Hadija, one of South Africa's 3.5m Coloured (mixed race) people, sells lace curtains at a street market in a bleak township outside Cape Town. In 1966 she and her family were driven out of District Six, in central Cape Town, by an apartheid government that wanted the area for whites. Most of the old houses and shops were bulldozed but a Methodist church, escaping demolition, has been turned into a little museum, with and old street plan stretched across the floor. On it, families have identified their old houses, writing names and memories in bright felt-tip pen. "We can forgive, but not forget," says one. Up to a point. In the old days, trampled on by whites, they were made to accept a second-class life of scant privileges as a grim reward for being lighter-skinned than the third-class blacks. Today, they feel trampled on by the black majority. The white-led National Party; which still governs the Western Cape, the province where some 80% of Coloureds live, plays on this fear to good electoral effect. With no apparent irony, the party also appeals to the Coloured sense of common culture with fellow Afrikaans-speaking whites, a link the Nats have spent decades denying. This curious courtship is again in full swing. A municipal election is to be held in the province on May 29th and the Nats need the Coloured vote if they are to win many local councils. By most measures, Coloureds are still better-off than blacks. Their jobless rate is high, 21% according to the most recent figures available. But the black rate is 38%. Their average yearly income is still more than twice that of blacks. But politics turns on fears and aspirations. Most Coloureds fret that affirmative action, the promotion of non-whites into government-related jobs, is leaving them behind. Affirmative action is supposed to help Coloureds (and Indians) too. It often does not. They may get left off a shortlist because, for instance, a job requires the applicant to speak a black African language, such as Xhosa. Some Coloureds think that the only way they will improve their lot is to launch their own, ethnically based, political parties, last year a group formed the Kleurling Weerstandsbeweging, or Coloured Resistance Movement. But in-fighting caused this to crumble: some members wanted it to promote Goloured interests and culture; others to press for an exclusive "homeland". In fact, the coloureds' sense of collective identity is undefined, largely imposed by apartheid's twisted logic. They are descended from a mix of races, including the Khoi and San (two indigenous African peoples), Malay slaves imported by the Dutch, and white European settlers. And though they do indeed share much with Afrikaners-many belong to the Dutch Reformed Church and many speak Afrikaans-others speak English or are Muslim or worship spirits. Under apartheid, being Coloured became something to try to escape from. Many tried to pass as white; some succeeded in getting "reclassified". Aspiring to whiteness and fearful of blackness, their identity is hesitant, even defensive. Many Coloureds feel most sure about what they are not: they vigorously resist any attempt to use the term "black" to embrace all nonwhite people. "My people are terrible racists, but not by choice," says Joe Marks, a Coloured member of the Western Cape parliament. "The blacks today have the political power, the whites have economic power. We just have anger./

单选题He won by ______ because his opponent refused to play.

单选题On the morning of September 11th, I boarded the train from Washington Heights in Upper Manhattan just as usual and went to the Body Positive office in the South Street Seaport of Lower Manhattan. While I was leaving the subway at 8:53 am, a man ran down the street screaming, "Someone just bombed the World Trade Center." Those around me screamed and shouted "No!" in disbelief. However, being an amateur photographer, and thinking that I might be able to help out, I ran directly toward the WTC. I stopped just short of the WTC at a comer and looked up. There before me stood the gaping hole and fire that had taken over the first building. I stood there in shock taking pictures, wanting to run even closer to help out, but I could not move. Soon I saw what looked like little angels floating down from the top of the building. I began to cry when I realized that these " angels" —in fact, desperate office workers--were coming down, some one-by-one, some even holding hands with another. Could I actually be seeing this disaster unfold with hundreds of people around me crying, screaming and running for safety? As I watched in horror, another white airliner came from the south and took aim at the South Tower. As the plane entered the building, there was an explosion and fire and soon debris (碎片) began to fall around me. It was then that I realized that we were being attacked and that this was just not a terrible accident. Yet, I still could not move, until I was pushed down by the crowd on the street, many now in a panic running toward the water, as far from the WTC as they could possibly get. All around me were the visual reminders of hundreds of people running in panic. There were shoes, hats, briefcases, pocketbooks, newspapers, and other personal items dropped as hundreds of people ran for safety. Much has been written about the disaster already. We have learned so much in such a small amount of time about appreciating life. In some way we must move forward, bury the dead, build a memorial for those lost, and begin the coping and healing process for the survivors. But healing takes time. Some have been able to head right back to work, others seek counseling, while others remain, walking through the streets with expressionless faces. However, we are all united in our grief.