单选题Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, (21) into a hobby and lately has (22) into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates (23) Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep (24) of their personal interest on the Internet. Before long they (25) that their homebrewed lists were becoming too long and (26) . Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo. During 1994, they (27) yahoo into a customized database designed to (28) the needs of the thousands of users (29) began to use the service through the closely (30) Internet community. They developed customized software to help them (31) locate, identify and edit material (32) on the Internet. The name Yahoo is (33) to stand for "Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle", but Filo and Yang insist they selected the (34) because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first (35) on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was (36) on Filo's computer, "Konishiki" . In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files (37) to larger computers (38) at Netscape. As a result Stanford's computer network returned to (39) , and both parties benefited. Today, Yahoo (40) organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.

单选题Nowadays, our government advocates credit to whatever we do or whoever we contact with. once you ______ your words, you will lose your social status and personal reputation.

单选题The multibillion-dollar international pharmaceutical industry has been accused of manipulating the results of drug trials for financial gain and withholding information that could expose patients to possible harm. The stranglehold the industry has on research is causing increasing alarm in medical circles as evidence emerges of biased results, under-reporting and selective publication driven by a market worth more than 10 billion pounds in Britain alone. The industry has sponsored trials of new drugs which have held out great promise for patients with cancer, heart disease, mental health problems and other illnesses. But tests on the same drugs in independent trials paid for by non-profit organizations— governments, medical institutions or charities—have yielded very different results. Drugs for abnormal heart rhythm introduced in the late 1970s were killing more Americans every year by 1990 than the Vietnam War. Yet early evidence suggesting the drugs were lethal, which might have saved thousands of lives, went unpublished. Expensive cancer drugs introduced in the past 10 years and claiming to offer major benefits have increasingly been questioned. Evidence published in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that 38 per cent of independent studies of the drugs reached unfavorable conclusions about them, compared with 5 per cent of the studies paid for by the pharmaceutical industry. In the latest case, researchers commissioned by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence to develop guidelines for the prescribing of anti-depressant drugs to children say they were refused access to unpublished trials of the drugs held by the pharmaceutical companies. Published evidence suggested that the anti-depressant drugs were safe and effective for children. But when they obtained the unpublished evidence by contacting individual researchers who had worked on the trials and other sources, a different picture emerged—one of an increase in suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide. Only one of the drugs, Prozac, emerged as safe. Anti-depressant drugs, though not recommended for children, were widely prescribed in Britain until last year, when the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency issued a warning to doctors, prohibiting their use. This followed safety concerns raised by campaigners and taken up in two BBC TV Panorama broadcasts which brought the biggest response in the program's history. Writing in the Lancet medical magazine, the researchers say: " On the basis of published evidence alone, we could have considered at least tentatively recommending use of these drugs for children and young people with depression. "

单选题It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a ______. [A] concession [B] recession [C] submission [D] transmission

单选题 The traditional American Thanksgiving Day celebration {{U}}(1) {{/U}} to 1621. {{U}}(2) {{/U}} that year a special least was prepared in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The colonists who {{U}}(3) {{/U}} there had left England because they felt {{U}}(4) {{/U}} of religious freedom. They came to the {{U}}(5) {{/U}} and faced difficulties in {{U}}(6) {{/U}} the ocean. The ship which {{U}}(7) {{/U}} them was called Mayflower. The North Atlantic was difficult to travel. There were bad storms. They were {{U}}(8) {{/U}} in learning to live in the new earth by the Indians who {{U}}(9) {{/U}} the region. The puritans, {{U}}(10) {{/U}} they were called, had much to be thankful {{U}}(11) {{/U}} Their religious practices were {{U}}(12) {{/U}} longer a source of criticism by the government. They learned to {{U}}(13) {{/U}} their farming habits to the climate and soil. {{U}}(14) {{/U}} they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving {{U}}(15) {{/U}}, they invited their {{U}}(16) {{/U}}, the Indians, to join them in dinner and {{U}}(17) {{/U}} of gratitude for the new life. They recalled the group of 102 men, women and children who left {{U}}(18) {{/U}}. They remembered their {{U}}(19) {{/U}} who did not see the shore of Massachusetts. They {{U}}(20) {{/U}} the 65 days journey which had tested their strength.

单选题The folk art rubric has also been extended to include all manner of traditional artistic productions, even the self-consciously Uquaint/U.

单选题It was a real ______ when Susan came back from her vacation and told us she had married a local waiter. A. comfort B. shock C. attack D. impact

单选题Before a big exam, a sound night"s sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. one says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then "edited" at night, to flush away what is superfluous. To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of deep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams. Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern--what is referred to as "artificial grammar". Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not. What is more, those with more to learn (i. e. , the "grammar", as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The "editing" theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep. The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.

单选题The game of golf became so popular in Scotland in order to keep people from playing golf when they______archery, a military necessity, the Scottish parliament passed a special law in 14The Scottish people, however, largely ignored this similar laws.

单选题What's the main idea for the second paragraph?

单选题Self-esteem is what people think about themselves- whether or not they feel valued and when family members have self-respect, pride, and belief in themselves, this high self-esteem makes it possible to cope with the everyday problems of growing up. Successful parent begins by communicating to children that they are loved for no other reasons than just because they exist. Through touch and tone of voice parents tell their infants whether or not they are valued, special, and loved, and it is these messages that form the basis of the child's self-esteem. When children grow up with love and are made to feel lovable despite their mistakes and failures, they are able to interact with others in a responsible, honest, and loving way. A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties arise, making it easier to see a problem as temporary, manageable, and something from which the individual can emerge. If, however, children grow up without love and without feelings of self-worth, they feel unlovable and worthless and expect to be cheated, taken advantage of, and looked down upon by others. Ultimately their actions invite this treatment, and their self-defeating behavior turns expectations into reality. They do not have the personal resources to handle everyday problems in a healthy way, and life maybe viewed as just one crisis after another. Without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems rather than talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent towards themselves and others. These individuals grow up to live isolated, lonely live, lacking the ability to give the love that they have never received. Self-esteem is a kind of energy, and when it is high, people feel like they can handle anything. It is what one feels when special things are happening or everything is going great. A word of praise, a smile, a good grade on a report card, or doing something that creates pride within oneself can create the energy. When feelings about the self have been threatened and self-esteem is low, everything becomes more of an effort. It is difficult to hear, see, or think clearly, and others seem rude, inconsiderate, and rough. The problem is not with others, it is with the self, but often it is not until energies are back to normal that the real problem is recognized. Children need help understanding that their self-esteem and the self-esteem of those they interact with have a direct effect on each other. For example, a little girl comes home from school and says, "I need loving because my feelings got hurt today." The mother responds to child's need to be held and loved. If instead the mother said she was too busy to hold the little girl, the outcome would have been different. The infant's self-esteem is totally dependent on family members, and it is not until about the time the child enters school that outside forces contribute to feelings about the self. A child must also learn that a major resource for a healthy self-esteem comes from within. Some parents raise their children to depend on external rather than internal reinforcement through practices such as paying for good grades on report cards or exchanging special privileges for good behavior. The child learns to rely on others to maintain a high self-esteem and is not prepared to live in a world in which desirable behavior does not automatically produce a tangible reward such as a smile, money, or special privileges. Maintaining a healthy self-esteem is a challenge that continues throughout life. One family found that they could help each other identify positive attitudes. One evening during an electric storm the family gathered around the kitchen table, and each person wrote down two things that they liked about each family member. These pieces of paper were folded and given to the appropriate person, who one by one opened their special messages. The father later commented, "It was quite an experience, opening each little piece of paper and reading the message. I still have those gifts, and when I've had a really bad day, I read through them and ! always come away feeling better." The foundation of a healthy family depends on the ability of the parents to communicate message of love, trust, and self-worth to each child. This is the basis on which self-esteem is built, and as the child grows, self-esteem is reflected in the way he or she interacts with others.

单选题We have long speculated that if there are other warm, wet and cozy planets like ours, they might ______ carbon-based life like ours.

单选题When (imaginable) scientists (first) suggested the possibility that one person (could speak) directly to another (over) a long distance, few people took them seriously.

单选题What is the best tile of this passage?

单选题While big corporations ______ global business news, small companies are charging into overseas markets at a faster pace. A. overtake B. occupy C. dominate D. reflect

单选题What the critics said in the first paragraph amounts to the idea that ______.

单选题It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

单选题There are already drugs that brighten moods, like Prozac, and other antidepressants that control levels of a brain chemical called serotonin. While originally meant to treat depression, these drugs have been used for other psychological conditions like shyness and anxiety and even by otherwise healthy people to feel better about themselves. But is putting people in a better mood really making them happy? People can also drown their sorrows in alcohol or get a euphoric feeling using narcotics, but few people who do so would be called truly happy. The President"s Council on Bioethics said in a recent report that while antidepressants might make some people happier, they can also substitute for what can truly bring happiness: a sense of satisfaction with one"s identity, accomplishments and relationships. "In the pursuit of happiness human beings have always worried about falling for the appearance of happiness and missing its reality," the council wrote. It added, "Yet a fraudulent happiness is just what the pharmacological management of our mental lives threatens to confer upon us." Now the race is on to develop pills to make people smarter. These drugs aim at memory loss that occurs in people with Alzheimer"s disease or a precursor called mild cognitive impairment. But it is lost on no one that if a memory drug works and is safe, it may one day be used by healthy people to learn faster and remember longer. Studies have already shown that animals can be made to do both when the activity of certain genes is increased or decreased. Dr. Tom Tully, a professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, created genetically engineered fruit flies that he said had "photographic memory." They could, in one session, learn something that took normal flies 10 sessions. "It immediately convinced everyone that memory was going to be just another biological process," Dr. Tully said. "There"s nothing special about it. That meant that it was going to be treatable and manipulable." But experts say that improving memory will not necessarily make one smarter, in the sense of IQ, let alone in wisdom. "It would be a mistake to think that drugs that have an impact on memory necessarily will have an effect on intelligence," said Dr. Daniel L. Schacher, chairman of psychology at Harvard. "Is it a good thing to remember everything?" Dr. Tully asked. Could a brain too crammed with information suffer some sort of overload?

单选题That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences. Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one"s memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection. In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species. Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.