单选题It is impossible to ______ the story of the First World War into a few pages.

单选题AIDs activists permanently changed and shortened America' s ______ process fortes ting and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases.

单选题Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure______.

单选题Not knowing a foreign language is a(n)______to enjoying travel abroad.

单选题Detectives are rather cynical because ______.

单选题A 1994 World Bank report concluded that ______ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.

单选题In order to get the business done, he tried to ______ his evil intentions with apparent friendliness.(2006年厦门大学考博试题)

单选题With its stock price rising by 20 percent, the company becomes the second most______.

单选题The National Safety Council urges drivers and passengers to wear seat belts as a ______ against injury.

单选题By such demarcation, strong, representative national societies can then be left to do what they do best -______ young scientists' development at national meetings, and represent their disciplines at the national level.

单选题The spontaneity of children's artwork sets it apart from the regulated uniformity ofmuch of what otherwise go on in traditional elementary classrooms.

单选题Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much. Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose. Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much "reengineering" has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDO"s A1 Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish—"the worst sort of ambulance cashing".

单选题I have felt for a long time that aid to underdeveloped countries should be placed in a definite and more rational order of priorities. Firstly, those underdeveloped nations who are short of food should be given what they need for attaining adequate nutritional standards. The rich countries should make up their mind that they do not want to make money out of selling food to starving peoples. In many countries, a major limitation of economic development is the valid fear that, when the unemployed and underemployed are set to work, they will consume more food than is available. It should be recognized that when, at the same time, other countries are laboring with the problems of food surpluses, this limitation of development is not only cruel but unnecessary and, indeed, absurd. There is, however, no reason why only those rich countries which have food surpluses should carry the burden of the costs of such aid. In any reasonable scheme of international cooperation, the costs for such a scheme should be shared by all the rich nations. What is more, aid should never be looked upon as a permanent solution to the problems of poverty. Aid should always be a help to self-help. For that reason a definite time limit should be set to the provision of food without pay, and a condition should be made that the aid-receiving country do everything it can to raise yields in agriculture. Otherwise there is always the danger that the food aid would only buttress its complacency. Secondly, therefore, the rich countries should also decide to give, free of charge, everything that it would be practical and economic to import from abroad in terms of tools and equipment, technical assistance, and training in order to assist underdeveloped countries to raise their agricultural production of food for consumption. Insofar as surpluses of fertilizers were available, those could be part of the aid. Otherwise, aid should instead be given to set up fertilizer factories in underdeveloped countries where conditions for fertilizer production are favorable. Thirdly, the rich countries should, in addition to meeting the fundamental request for more food to eat, agree to give everything that can be provided from abroad in the way of equipment, advice, personnel training, etc. , for the most rapid advance the underdeveloped countries can manage to engender in sanitation, health, education at all levels, and research, including surveys of their natural resources. If there are more funds available for aid to underdeveloped countries than are needed for these three forms, I would give the fourth priority to paying for equipment and other productive necessities from abroad, in order to speed up the formation of various types of overall capital such as irrigation and power facilities, ports, roads, store houses, etc. Such large-scale investment is necessary in order to give the basis for development, both in industry and agriculture. It is of a particular strategic importance in economic development, as it is labor-intensive and can thus make use of the productive resources of which an underdeveloped country has surplus, labor. If food ceased to be the cruel bottleneck as it is at present in many countries, and if undertaking these investments in overall capital would not compete for foreign exchange, underdeveloped countries would find it advantageous to give them a higher priority rating. A large part of the loans from the International Bank have this purpose, but it would be rational to use grant aid in order to make it possible for many underdeveloped countries to intensify their efforts in this direction.

单选题What is the purpose of examining a sample of a population?

单选题As a ______ major, he enjoyed working in the steel plant. A. metallurgy B. geology C. astronomy D. seismology

单选题At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science history might contribute to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the United States by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. If their survey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in self-defense—a preposterous number. Lott claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms deter murders, ropes, and robberies, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year. He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that each of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment. Contrary to Kleck and Lott, Bellesiles insists that guns and America's "gun culture" are responsible for America's high rates of murder. In Belleville's opinion, relatively few Americans owned guns before the 1850s or know how to use, maintain, or repair them. As a result, he says, guns contributed little to the homicide rate, especially among white, which was low everywhere, even in the South and on the frontier, where historians once assume guns and murder went hand in hand. According to Bellesiles, these patterns changed dramatically after the Mexican War and especially after the Civil War, when gun ownership became widespread and cultural changes encouraged the use of handguns to command respect and resolve personal and political disputes. The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate of any industrial democracy. Belleville's low estimates of gun ownership in early America conflict, however, with those of every historian who has previously studied the subject and have thus far proven irreproducible. Every homicide statistic he presents is either misleading or wrong. Given the influence of Kleck, Lott, Bellesiles and other partisan scholars on the debate over gun control and gun rights, we felt a need to pull together what social science historians have learned to date about the history of gun ownership and gun violence in America, and to consider what research methods and projects might increase our knowledge in the near future.

单选题The brain is organized into different regions, each responsible for different functions, and in humans this organization is very marked. The largest parts of the brain are the cerebral hemispheres, which occupy most of the interior of the skull. They are layered structures, the most complex being the outer layer, known as the cerebral cortex, where the nerve cells are extremely densely packed to allow great interconnectivity. Its function is not fully understood, but we can get some indication of its purpose from studies of animals that have had it removed. A dog, for example, can still move in a coordinated manner, will eat and sleep, and even bark if it is disturbed. However, it also becomes blind and loses its sense of smell-more significantly, perhaps, it loses all interest in its environment, not responding to people or to its name, nor to other dogs, even of the opposite sex. It also loses all ability to learn. In effect, it loses the characteristics that we generally refer to as indicating intelligence-awareness, interest and interaction with an environment, and an ability to adapt and learn. Thus the cerebral cortex seems to be the seat of the higher order functions of the brain, and the core of intelligence. The cerebral cortex has been the subject of investigation by researchers for many years, and is slowly revealing its secrets. It demonstrates a localization of functions, in that different areas of the cortex fulfill different functions, such as motion control, hearing, and vision. The visual part of the cortex is especially interesting. In the visual cortex, electrical stimulation of the cells can produce the sensation of light, and detailed analysis has shown that specific layers of neurons are sensitive to particular orientations of input stimuli, so that one layer responds maximally to horizontal lines, while another responds to vertical ones. Although much of this structure is genetically pre-determined, the orientation-specific layout of the cells appears to be learnt at an early stage. Animals brought up in an environment of purely horizontal lines do not develop neuron structures that respond to vertical orientations, showing that these structures are developed due to environmental input and not purely from genetic pre-determination. This is called self-organization of the visual cortex since there is no external teacher to guide the development of these structures.

单选题The______of medical knowledge are being pushed farther onwards as time goes on.