单选题College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and (71) millions of dollars each year to sports. Most universities earn millions (72) as well, in television revenues and sponsorships. They also benefit (73) from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities (74) each other in the most popular sports. Football games at the university of Michigan regularly (75) crowds of over 90,000. Basketball's national collegiate championship game is a TV (76) on a par with (与……相同或相似) any other sporting event in the United States, (77) perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can (78) one's TV set and see the top athletic programs—from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford— (79) in front of packed houses and national TV audiences. The athletes themselves are (80) and provided with scholarships. College coaches identify (81) teenagers and then go into high schools to (82) the country's best players to attend their universities. There are strict roles about (83) coaches can recruit—no recruiting calls after 9 p. m., only one official visit to a campus—but they are often bent and sometimes (84) . Top college football programs (85) scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student athletes, when they arrive (86) campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, and stipends. In return, the players (87) the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges (88) two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, it's back to strength and agility mining four days a week until mid August, when camp (89) and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season begins (90) . During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.

单选题We ______ our voice depending on the circumstances, particularly in relationship to background noise. A. improve B. modulate C. rectify D. temper

单选题The public can rest ______ that detectives are doing everything possible to find the murderer. A. assured B. approved C. guaranteed D. convinced

单选题But it has other advantages in terms of ______ scientific and technical expertise.

单选题The candidate has complied with all the requirements set by the university; this institution, therefore {{U}}awards{{/U}} her the degree of Master of Arts.

单选题According to the recent census, under-18s ______ nearly 95% of the single children in Chinese families. A. compose B. institute C. prescribe D. constitute

单选题If costs continue to______, the state will not be able to afford this scheme for long, and it will become unpopular.(2013年10月中国科学院考博试题)

单选题In this land of plenty, we must be ashamed of the ______ and suffering that still exists in the slum areas.

单选题According to Scott Adams, creator of the comic strip (系列漫画) Dilbert, the annual performance review is "one of the most frightening and weakening experiences" in every employee"s life. Adam"s stories and comic figures poke fun at the workplace, but his characterization of people"s feelings about the annual performance review has its serious side. Although a recent study of 437 companies indicates that effective annual performance reviews can help raise profits, most employees of those companies hate them. In theory, annual performance reviews are constructive and positive interactions between managers and employees working together to attain maximum performance and strengthen the organization. In reality, they often create division, undermine morale, and spark anger and jealousy. Thus although the object of the annual performance review is to improve performance, it often has the opposite result. A programmer at an IT firm was stunned to learn at her annual performance review that she was denied a promotion because she wasn"t a "term player". What were the data used to make this judgment? She didn"t smile in the company photo. Although this story might sound as if it came straight out of Dilbert, it is a true account of one woman"s experience. By following a few ideas and guidelines from industry analysis, this kind of ordeal can be avoided: To end the year with a positive and useful performance review, managers and employees must start the year by working together to establish clear goals and expectations. It may be helpful to allow employees to propose a list of people associated with the company who will be in a good position to assess their performance at the end of the year; these people may be co-workers, suppliers, or even customers. Goals should be measurable but flexible, and everyone should sign off on the plan. By checking employees" progress at about nine months, managers can give them a chance to correct mistakes and provide guidance to those who need it before the year is out. When conducting the review, managers should highlight strengths and weaknesses during the past year and discuss future responsibilities, avoiding punishment or blame. In short, when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on what they can do better in the year ahead, not worrying about what went into their files about the past.

单选题The payroll register constitutes the treasurer department's authority to pay the employees. Payment is usually made in the form of a check drawn on the company's regular bank account. Pre-numbered payroll checks should be used, and there should be independent verification of the agreement of the checks with the payroll register in detail and in total. Payroll checks should be distributed directly to employees, on proper identification, by treasurer's department personnel. The checks should not be returned to payroll for distribution since the payroll department would then have control over both preparing and paying the payroll. Alternatively, payroll checks may be deposited directly in the employee's checking account. Payment of employees in cash is the exception rather than the rule. This form of payment is more easily influenced by errors, irregularities, and robbery than payment by check. Following payment, check numbers are entered on the register, the preparation and payment of the payroll are programmed on a computer. A termination notice should be issued by the personnel department on the completion of an individual's employment with the company. Copies of the termination authorization should be sent to the employee's supervisor and to payroll, and a copy should be filed in the employee's personnel record. The proper execution of this function is vital in preventing terminated employees from continuing on the payroll. The subsequent diversion of such payroll checks to an unauthorized individual has been responsible for many payroll cheat through the years. Every company is expected to fulfill the legal requirements relevant to the filing of payroll tax returns and the payment of the resulting taxes. Ordinarily, the payroll department prepares the tax returns and a check is issued through the guarantor system in payment of the taxes. The responsibility for the filing of returns before due dates should be assigned to a payroll department supervisor. Furthermore, there should be independent verification within that department of the accuracy and completeness of the return. Effective control over tax returns is necessary to avoid penalties for late or incorrect filings.

单选题War has escaped the battlefield and now can, with modern guidance systems on missiles, touch virtually every square yard of the earth's surface. War has also lost most of its utility in achieving the traditional goals of conflict. Control of territory carries with it the obligation to provide subject peoples certain administrative, health, education, and other social services. Such obligations far outweigh the benefits of control. If the ruled population is ethnically or racially different from the rulers, tensions and chronic unrest often exist which further reduce the benefits and increase the costs of domination. Large populations no longer necessarily enhance state power and, in the absence of high levels of economic development, can impose severe burdens on food supply, jobs, and the broad range of services expected of modern governments. The noneconomic security reasons for the control of territory have been progressively undermined by the advances of modern technology. The benefits of forcing another nation to surrender its wealth are vastly outweighed by the benefits of persuading that nation to produce and exchange goods and services. In brief, imperialism no longer pays. Making war has been one of the most persistent of human activities in the 80 centuries since men and women settled in cities and thereby became "civilized", but the modernization of the past 80 years has fundamentally changed the role and function of war. In premodernized societies, successful warfare brought significant material rewards, the most obvious of which were the stored wealth of the defeated. Equally important was human labor--control over people as slaves or levies for the victor's army, and there was the productive capacity--agricultural lands and mines. Successful warfare also produced psychic benefits. The removal or destruction of a threat brought a sense of security, and power gained over others created pride and national self-esteem. War was accepted in the premodernized society as a part of the human condition, a mechanism of change, and an unavoidable, even noble, aspect of life. The excitement and drama of war made it a vital part of literature and legends.

单选题The budget crunch has put extra pressure on nearly everyone at this storied campus—besieged administrators ______to lure minority applicants, students frantically______money to cover fee hikes, department heads trying to staunch a faculty brain drain and office staffers worried that a stalemate in Sacramento means no money for the mortgage at home.

单选题Woodrow Wilson was referring to the liberal idea of the economic market when he said that the free enterprise system is the most efficient economic system. Maximum freedom means maximum productiveness; our "openness" is to be the measure of our stability. Fascination with this ideal has made Americans defy the "Old World" categories of settled possessiveness versus unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention versus the cupidity of seizure, a "status quo" defended or attacked. The United States, it was believed, had no status quo ante. Our only "station" was the turning of a stationary wheel, spinning faster and faster. We did not base our system on property but opportunity—which meant we based it not on stability but on mobility. The more things changed, that is, the more rapidly the wheel turned, the steadier we would be. The conventional picture of class polities is composed of the Haves, who want a stability to keep what they have, and the Have-nots, who want a touch of instability and change in which to scramble for the things they have not. But Americans imagined a condition in which speculators, self-makers, runners are always using the new opportunities given by our land. These economic leaders (front-runners) would thus be mainly agents of change. The nonstarters were considered the ones who wanted stability, a strong referee to give them some position in the race, a regulative hand to calm manic speculation; an authority that can call things to a halt, begin things again from compensatorily staggered "starting lines". "Reform" in America has been sterile because it can imagine no change except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, "a piece of the action", as it were, for the disenfranchised. There is no attempt to call off the race. Since our only stability is change, America seems not to honor the quiet work that achieves social interdependence and stability. There is, in our legends, no heroism of the office clerk, no stable industrial work force of the people who actually make the system work. There is no pride in being an employee (Wilson asked for a return to the time when everyone was an employer). There has been no boasting about our social workers—they are merely signs of the system's failure, of opportunity denied or not taken, of things to be eliminated. We have no pride in our growing interdependence, in the fact that our system can serve others, that we are able to help those in need; empty boasts from the past make us ashamed of our present achievements, make us try to forget or deny them, move away from them. There is no honor but in the Wonderland race we must all run, all trying to win, none winning in the end (for there is no end).

单选题Take your raincoat with you ______ it rains.

单选题Attitudes on the two sides in the Revolutionary War precluded the possibility of a peaceful solution.

单选题The school authority ______ against students' smoking both in the classrooms and at home. A. resolved B. determined C. banned D. prohibited

单选题I cannot explain the withholding tax to you. This is something which you will have to take up with an accountant.

单选题In this densely populated city, acid rain is ______; it is a sign both of industrialization and pollution.

单选题Despite their many differences of temperament and of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman share certain beliefs. Common to all these writers is their humanistic perspective. Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual center of the universe and that in them alone is the clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos itself. Without denying outright the existence either of a deity or of brute matter, this perspective nevertheless rejects them as exclusive principles of interpretation and prefers to explain humans and the world in terms of humanity itself. This preference is expressed most clearly in the transcendentalist principle that the structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self. Therefore, all knowledge begins with self-knowledge. This common perspective is almost always universalized. Its emphasis is not upon the individual as a particular European or American, but upon the human as universal, freed from the accidents of times, space, birth, and talent. Thus, for Emerson, the "American Scholar" turns out to be simply "Man Thinking". While, for Whitman, the "Song of Myself" merges imperceptibly into a song of all the "children of Adam" where "every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you". Also common to all the five writers is the belief that individual virtue and happiness depend upon self-realization, which, in turn, depends upon the harmonious reconciliation of two universal psychological tendencies. First, the self-asserting impulse of the individual to withdraw, to remain unique and separate, and to be responsible only to himself or herself. Second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to embrace the whole world in the experience of a single moment and to know and become one with that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates individualism, the preservation of the individual's freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity. A third assumption common to the five writers is that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection——their belief that the clue to external nature is to be found in the inner world of individual psychology——and by their interpretation of experience as, in essence, symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic relationship between the self and the cosmos of which only intuition and imagination can properly take account. These writers' faith in the imagination and in themselves as practitioners of imagination led them to conceive of the writer as a seer and enabled them to achieve supreme confidence in their own moral and metaphysical insights.