阅读理解Youfeelsad:"Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo?"Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenes,notyourlifehabits,determineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.Howcanobese(肥胖的)peoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdieting?Well,dietingcanbeeffective,butthehealthcostsaretremendous.CharlesSteinmetz,aresearchphysicianatDukeUniversity,didastudyoftenfatpeople.Theyweregivenliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan12weeks,thesubjectslost45kgonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospital,theyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic(新陈代谢的)measurement,fatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn'tresultinnormalwight,butinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeople,however,sufferfromtheopposite:theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.WilliamSimmons,ofWashingtonStateUniversity,gotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonths,theyeatasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue—eachpersonhasacomfortablewightrange(范围).Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-89kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Theybodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchanginethemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.
阅读理解阅读下面的文字，完成下列问题。纳米是一个长度单位，是1米的10亿分之一。当物质颗粒小到纳米量级时，这种物质就被称为纳米材料。在一段时间里，我们一直认为纳米科技给社会带来的都是益处，而近年来，不少研究者发现，一些纳米颗粒和碳纳米管对生物体有害。据《自然》杂志介绍，美国纽约罗切斯特大学研究人员在实验鼠身上完成的实验显示，直径为35纳米的碳纳米粒子被老鼠吸进身体后，能够迅速出现在大脑中处理嗅觉的区域内，并不断堆积起来。他们认为碳纳米粒子是同“捕捉”香味的细胞一道进入老鼠大脑的。今年4月，美国化学学会在一份研究报告中指出，碳60会对鱼的大脑产生大范围的破坏，这是研究人员首次找到纳米微粒可能给水生物种造成毒副作用的证据。这些都说明，纳米材料对人类健康和环境都存在危害。人们接触纳米材料污染一般通过下面途径：一、通过呼吸系统；二、通过皮肤接触；三、其他方式，如食用、注射等。纳米材料污染物通过上述途径进入人体，与体内细胞起反应，会引起发炎、病变等；污染物在人体组织内停留也可能引起病变，如停留在肺部的石棉纤维会导致肺部纤维化。①纳米材料很小，可以几乎不受阻碍地进入细胞，从而有可能进入人的神经系统，影响人的大脑，导致一些更严重的疾病和后果。②这是因为纳米材料体积非常小，同样质量下纳米颗粒将比微米颗粒的数量多得多，与细胞发生反应的机会更大，更易引起病变。③目前，研究人员还不知道如何将纳米材料从人体中清除，也不知道它们会不会在人体中降解。④纳米材料比普通的污染物对人体的影响更大。纳米材料还有一个潜在的危险——易爆炸。纳米材料具有反常特性，原本物质不具有的性能，小颗粒会具有。原本不导电的物质，在颗粒变小后有可能导电，有些原来不易燃的物质在纳米尺度下也可能导致爆炸。现在纳米材料的工业化生产，主要集中在纳米氧化物颗粒上，包括二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化铁之类，另外还有一些较老的工业产品，例如碳黑、催化剂。这些材料主要在如下产品中应用：首先是化妆品和防晒剂。防晒霜之类的产品一般含有二氧化钛或氧化锌的纳米颗粒；化妆品如口红中含有纳米氧化铁颗粒。化妆品中的纳米颗粒直接和人的皮肤接触，我们需要特别谨慎。现在欧洲和美国的卫生部门已经把二氧化钛当成无毒物质，允许其在防晒品中运用。同时，欧洲规定，口红产品中的氧化铁直径必须大于100纳米。现在已经有报告声明，化妆品中的纳米材料对人体基本没有危害。其次是复合材料和涂层材料。比如汽车车胎加入了可被看作纳米材料的碳黑、用纳米材料表面处理过的防水抗污布料等。这些材料是否对人体有害，要看其中的纳米材料是否容易逃逸出来。如果纳米材料被固定得很好，还是比较安全的。2011年7月29日，英国公布了题为《纳米科学和纳米技术——机会和不确定性》的报告。报告认为，现有的纳米技术大多数是安全的，但同时，也需要建立完善的规章制度以保证纳米技术能够健康安全地发展。因为纳米材料覆盖的范围非常之广，每一种材料是否有害都需要具体分析，这显然是一个漫长的探索过程。(节选自《环球时报》)
阅读理解Surfing(浏览)theInternetcanbeasaddictive(上瘾的)asdrugs,alcoholorgambling,aresearcherfromUniversityofPittsburghsaidlastmonth.Inastudyofalmost400menandwomeninCanada,researchersfoundInternetaddictioncausedpeopletospend40hoursormoreaweekonline.Mostofthemoftengotinvolvedinrole-playinggamesorchatroomdiscussion.One17-year-oldboywassoaddictedtotheInternetactivitiesthathisparentshadtoadmithimtoahospitalfor10days'treatment.Onewomanwasdescribedbyfriendsandfamilyasaperfectwifeandmother.ShebecamesoaddictedtotheInternetthatshewouldnotcookorcleanandwasneglectingherchildrenandhusband,becauseshewasspendingasmuchas12hoursadaytalkingtopeopleontheInternet.Finallyherhusbandsaid,"Choosemeorthecomputer."Shedivorcedhim.KimberlyYoung,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofPittsburgh,foundthat76percentofthesubjects(调查对象)inthestudyspendanaverageof40hoursaweekontheInternet.Of396peoplewhometYoung'scriteria(标准)foraddictedInternetusers,157weremen,239women.Themenwereyoungerwithanaverageageof29,thewomenaverage43yearsofage.ThelargestgroupofaddictedusersoftheInternetwaspeoplewhowerenotworkingoutsidehome,housewives,studentsandthosewhoweredisabled(残疾)orretired.
阅读理解Therearemanywaystolearnaboutthepeopleofotherlands.Someofthesewayscanbeveryinteresting.Onewayistostudytheclothingotherpeoplewear.Forthousandsofyears,peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldhavewornverydifferenttypesofclothing.Therearefourbigreasonsforthis.First,therearedifferentreasonsforwearingclothes.Onereasonistoprotectthebodyagainstweather.Anotherreasonmightbereligion.InmanyMoslemcountries,womenmustwearveilstohidetheirfaces.Theveilsmustbeworninpublic.VeilsarepartofMoslemreligion.Asecondreasonforthedifferenceinclothingovertheworldisthatdifferentmaterialsareusedindifferentcountries.Forinstance,inFrancethefabricsusedinclothingmaybecotton,fur,leather,silk,woolormanyoftheman-madematerials.MostpeopleinChinawearcotton.Studyingthetypeofmaterialmaygiveyousomeideaaboutthepeopleofadistantland.Thewayclothesaremadevariesfromcountrytocountry.Thisisanotherreasonwhypeopleweardifferently.Westerncountriesrelyonmachinestomakemostoftheirclothing.SomeonelivinginIndiacanuseonlyhandpowertomakethefabricandtheclothingheneeds.Worldwidedifferencesincustomsalsoleadtodifferencesinclothing.Customsvaryfromcontinenttocontinentandfromcountrytocountry.Let'slookatclothingcustomsandhowtheycanaffectthestyleofdress.AMexicanfarmerwearsastrawhatwithabrim(边)thattilts(倾斜)up.InChina,afarmerwearsastrawhatwithabrimthattiltsdown.Bothhatsareusedtoprotectthefarmerfromsun.Thedifferenceisthecustomofeachcountry.Someofthesecustomscomedownthroughthousandsofyears.Rightnow,theclothingindustryisverylarge.SomemainclothingspotsintheworldareLondon,NewYorkCity,ParisandRome.Thesecitiesarealsobigfashionspots.Theysetthetrendforcitiesaroundtheworld.
阅读理解阅读下面的文字，回答问题一个有月亮的渡口贾平凹①在商州的山里，我跋涉了好多天，因为所谓的“事业”，还一直向深处走去。②一日，我走到丹江的一个渡口。一仄头，蓦地就看见黑黑的一片云幕上，月亮出现了；上弦的，清清白白。原来这月亮并不在天上，而实实在在是嵌在山上的。江面是想象不来的狭窄，在这三角形状的岸边，三面的山峰却是那样高，最陡最陡的南岸崖壁似乎是插着的一扇顶天立地的门板，就在那三分之二的地方，崖壁凹进一个穴窟，出奇地竟是白色，俨然一柄破云而出的弯月了。③这个渡口叫“月亮湾”。④我住了下来。⑤白日里，江面的水汽浮动着，波色水影投映在每所房子的石墙上，幻化出瞬息万变的银光。一到夜里，江水的潮气浸了石墙，房子的灯光却一道一道从窗口铺展到江心，像是醉汉在那里朦朦胧胧蹒跚不已了。我在这里尽量将息着自己的疲惫。我后悔为什么要跑这么远的路程?我又是多么感激起这个渡口了，竞使我懂得了安逸!⑥在这个村子里，山坡最上的那一家，有一个漂亮的女子，专卖酒和烟的，但却不开旅社留客。她爹是一个瞎子，每天却比有眼睛的还精灵，可以从那仄仄的石阶路上走到江边舀水，到屋后坡上抱柴，卖酒的时候，又偏要端坐在酒柜台后，用全是白的眼睛盯着一个地方。那女子招呼着打酒，声音脆脆的，客人常就端了酒碗在她家一口一口地喝，邀她喝，她也喝，邀她打扑克，她也打，大声说笑，当客人们偷眼儿看她的时候，她会大着胆子用亮亮的眼睛对视，便使客人们再不敢有什么心思了。她家每天卖出的酒最多，但并没有引出不光彩的事来。我曾和我的店主人说起她，她说这女子能掌握住人，尤其是男人，是当将军的材料，至少可以当个领导。⑦夜里，一群撑排人上了山，歇在了隔壁那家的旅舍里。一进那旅社，就大声吵闹着喝酒；乘着酒兴，话说得又特别多，谈这次进山的奇遇，谈水路上的风险，有的就骂起来，说他们的腰疼，腿疼，这山上，水上的活计就不是人干的。末了，是醉了，又哭又笑，满嘴的粗话，接着是吐字不清的喃喃，渐渐响起了打雷一般的鼾声了。⑧我却没有睡着，想这些撑排人，在他们的经历中，一定是有着不可描述的艰辛：野兽的侵犯，山林的滚坡，江水的颠缀，还有那风吹雨淋，挨饥受饿。……他们是劳力者，生命是在和自然的搏斗中运动。而我，为了所谓的“事业”，在无休无止的斗争中和噩梦般的生活漩涡里沉浮。……我们都是十分疲倦了的人，汇集在丹江的一个渡口上，凭着渡口的旅舍，作着一种身心的偷闲，凭着渡口旅社的酒，消磨着这征途的时光，加速着如此漫长的人生。⑨第二天一早，他们又下到江里了。水雾中，各人揭开了柴排上的葛条系绳，跳了上去，一声叫喊，十个八个柴排连成一起向江下撑去。到了渡口下的转弯地方，河水翻着白浪，两岸礁石嶙嶙，柴排开始左冲右撞起来，他们手忙脚乱，叫喊着：向左!向右!竹篙便点，柴排一会儿浮起老高，一会儿落得很低，叫喊声就轰轰地在峡谷里回响。看着那有如此力量去奋争，有力量去上路的柴排和撑排人，我突然理解了他们：他们或许不是英雄，却实实在在地不是一群无聊的酒鬼，在这条江上，风风雨雨使他们有了强硬的身骨，也同时有了一股雄壮的气魄，他们是一群生活的真正强者。那柴排的一路远去和叫喊声的沉沉传来，充满了多么生动的节奏和高雅的乐趣啊!而顿时感到了自己内心的一种若有所失的空虚。⑩我呆呆的趴在窗口，月亮还在那里，一个清清白白的上弦。在商州的丹江，一个有月亮的渡口，一个年轻人真正懂得了渡口：它是人在艰难困苦的旅途上的一次短暂的停歇，但短暂的停歇是为了更快地进行新的远征。
阅读理解Themarketisaconcept.Ifyouaregrowingtomatoesinyourbackyardforsaleyouareproducingforthemarket.Youmightsellsometoyourneighborandsometothemanagerofthelocalsupermarket.Butineithercase,youareproducingforthemarket.Youreffortsarebeingdirectedbythemarket.Ifpeoplestopbuyingtomatoes,youwillstopproducingthem.Ifyoutakecareofasickpersontoearnmoney,youareproducingforthemarket.Ifyourfatherisasteelworkeroratruckdriveroradoctororagrocer,heisproducinggoodsorserviceforthemarket.Whenyouspendyourincome,youarebuyingthingsfromthemarket.Youmayspendmoneyinstores,supermarkets,gasstations,andrestaurants.Stillyouarebuyingfromthemarket.Whenthelocalgrocerhiresyoutodrivethedeliverytruck,heisbuyingyourlaborinthelabormarket.Themarketmayseemtobesomethingabstract.Butforeachpersonorbusinesswhoismakingandsellingsomething,it'sveryreal.Ifnobodybuysyourtomatoes,itwon'tbelongbeforeyougetthemessage.Themarketistellingyousomething.It'stellingyouthatyouareusingenergiesandresourcesindoingsomethingthemarketdoesn'twantyoutodo.
阅读理解Alarge,detached(独立的)housenotonlyensuresprivacy.Itisalsoastatussymbol.The"magnificenthome"issetinabiggarden.Ofcourse,thiskindofhouseisanunrealisticdreamformostpeople.Butevenasmalldetachedhouse,surroundedbyagarden,givestherequiredsuggestionofrurallifewhichisdeartotheheartsofmanyBritishpeople.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytoliveinacottage(村舍),andifthisisathatched(茅草的)cottage,suggestiveofapre-industrialage,somuchthebetter.Mostpeopletrytoavoidlivinginablockofflats(whattheAmericanscall"apartmentblocks").Flats,theyfeel,providetheleastamountofprivacy.Withafewexceptions,mostlyincertainlocationsincentralLondon,flatsarethecheapestkindofhome.Thepeoplewholiveinthemarethosewhocannotaffordtoliveanywhereelse.Thedislikeoflivinginflatsisverystrong.Inthe1950smillionsofpoorerpeoplelivedinold,cold,uncomfortablenineteenthcenturyhouses,oftenwithonlyanoutsidetoiletandnobathroom.Duringthenexttwentyyearsmanyofthemweregivennew"highrise"blocksofflatstoliveinwhich,withcentralheatingandbathrooms,weremuchmorecomfortableandweresurroundedbygrassyopenspaces.Butpeoplehatedtheirnewhomes.Theysaidtheyfeltcutofffromtheworldwithallthosefloorsup.Theymissedtheneighborliness.Theycouldn'tkeepawatchfuleyeontheirchildrenplayingdownthereinthoselovelygreenspaces.Thenewhigh-riseblocksquicklygotbroken.Theliftsdidn'twork.Thecorridorsweredark.Windowsweredamagedandwerenotrepaired.Therewasgraffitialloverthewalls.
阅读理解WhenIwasabout12Ihadanenemy,agirlwholikedtopointoutmyshortcomings.Weekbyweekherlistgrew:Iwasskinny,Iwasn'tagoodstudent,Iwasboyish,Italkedtooloud,andsoon.IputupwithheraslongasIcould.Atlast,withgreatangerIrantomyfatherintears.Helistenedtomyoutburstquietly.Thenheasked,"Arethethingsshesaystrueornot?"True?IwantedtoknowhowtoStrikeback.Whatdidtruthhavetodowithit?"Mary,didn'tyoueverwonderwhatyouarereallylike?Well,younowhavethatgirl'sopinion.Goandmakealistofeverythingshesaidandmarkthepointsthataretrue.Paynoattentiontotheotherthingsshesaid."Ididashedirectedanddiscoveredtomysurprisethatabouthalfthethingsweretrue.SomeofthemIcouldn'tchange(likebeingskinny),butagoodnumberIcouldandsuddenlywantedtochange.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIgotafairlyclearpictureofmyself.IbroughtthelistbacktoDaddy.Herefusedtotakeit."That'sjustforyou,"hesaid."Youknowbetterthananybodyelsethetruthaboutyourselfonceyouhearit,But,you'vegottolearntolisten,nottocloseyourearsinangerorhurt.Whensomethingsaidaboutyouistrueyou'11knowit.You'11findthatitwillechoinsideyou."Daddy'sadvicehasreturnedtomeatmanyimportantmoments.
阅读理解Aquestionoftenputtothespecialistonfishesis"Howlongdofisheslive?"Thisputsthespecialistinanembarrassingpositionbecauseheisoftenunabletogiveadirectanswertothissimplequestion.Butactuallythisquestionisnotassimpleasitseems.Therearethousandsofdifferentkindsoffishes,andtheyvaryagreatdealinsizeandlifespan.Moreover,itisnoteasytofindoutjusthowlongafishlivesinitsnaturalstate.Wecanfindouthowoldafishisbystudyingitsscales,butwecannotsayhowmuchmoretimeitwouldliveifwehadnotcaughtit.Wemayrearfishesandrecordtheirlifespanbutwecannotbesurethatthisisthelengthoftimetheywouldhavelived,hadtheybeenleftalone.Wemaymakemarkingtoshowhowfastthefishesgrowsothatwecancalculatetheageofthelargestonrecord,butunlessthislargefishdiesofoldagewearestillnotinapositiontoknowitsnaturallifespan.Unlikehumanbeings,fishesdonotstopgrowingwhentheyreachmaturity(成熟).Theycontinuetogrowaslongastheylive,althoughtherateofgrowthslowsdowninmaturefishes.
阅读理解SellingExpertiseontheInternetforExtraCashTeresaEstes,alicensedmental-healthcounselor,watchedasbusinessatherprivatepracticedecreasedlastyear.Thenthesinglemotherturnedtoherkeyboardtoboostherincome.Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean"expert"onLivePersonInc.,aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.For$1.89aminute—aratesheset—the39-year-oldfromMarianna,Fla.,dispensesadvicetoclientsaroundtheglobe.Shespendsaboutfourhoursadayonline,oftenatnight,whenherdaughterhasgonetobed."Itwastheeconomy,"shesaysofhermovetotakeherskillsonline."LivePersonismoreprofitablethanmyprivatepractice."Ms.Esteshadchargedherprivateclientsupto$75anhour.Astherecession(经济衰退)deepens,asmallbutgrowingnumberofpeoplearetakingtheirskillsonline,offeringexpertiseorperformingspecifiedtasksforafee.Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.Internetjob-searchsitessawa51%riseintrafficfromJanuary2008toJanuary2009,accordingtocomscoreMediaMetrix,to26.7millionuniquevisitors.Amongthemanyfee-for-serviceWebsitesoutthere,atleastthreeareattractingasignificantnumberofusers—thoughconsumersshouldexerciseahealthydegreeofskepticism(怀疑态度)whenconsultinganyofthesesites.LivePersonseeksoutexpertsonaslewoftopics,includingmentalhealth,financialservices,shoppingandfashion,aswellaspsychicsandspiritualadvisers.MechanicalTurk,aWebservicerunbyAmazon.comInc.,paysworkerstoperformtasks,suchascatalogingproductsonline.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.LivePersonwentpublicin2001,andthecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinlate2007.Today,thesitehas30,000registeredexperts,attractinganaverageof100,000peopleayearwhopayfortheofferedservices,saysChiefExecutiveOfficerRobertLocascio.Roughly3,500peoplehavemadecontributingtothesitetheirfull-timejob,hesays.AssociatedContentreviewssubmissionsinhouseandthendecideshowmuchtopayforthem.Thesite,whichspecializesinhow-topiecesandfeaturestoriesonnewstopics,had237,000registeredcontributorsandmorethanonemillioncontentpiecesasofFebruary,bothaboutdoublefromthesamemonthayearago.SabahKarimi,a26-year-oldfromOrlando,Fla.,leftacareerinmarketingtobecomeafull-timefreelancewriterandnowspendsbetween8and10hoursaweekwritingforAssociatedContent.Shehasbeenatitforaboutthreeyearsandsayssheearnsroughly$1,000amonthfromherpastandcurrentsubmissions.MechanicalTurkisbasedon"crowdsourcing",orbreakingataskintolotsoftinypiecesandgivingittoabiggroupofpeopletocompletequickly.Mostofthesejobs—whichthesitecallsHITs,forhumanintelligencetasks—payjustafewcents.EfficientMturkers,astheycallthemselves,canmakemorethan$100aweekdoingthingssuchasfindingsomeone'semailaddressorlabelingimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph.
阅读理解Itisamatterofcommonobservationthatalthoughincomeskeepgoingupovertheyears,peopleneverseemtobecomemuchbetteroff.Pricesarerisingcontinuously.Thisconditionistermedoneofinflation;themoneysupplyisbecominginflatedsothateachunitofitbecomeslessvaluable.Peoplehavegrownaccustomedinrecentyearstohigherandhigherratesofinflation.Whatcouldbeboughttenyearsagoforonedollarnowcostswellovertwodollars.Presentindicationsarethatthisrateofinflationistendingtoriseratherthantofall.Ifintherealworldourmoneyincomesgoupatthesamerateaspricesonemightthinkthatinflationdoesnotmatter.Butitdoes.Whenmoneyislosingvalueitlacksoneofthequalitiesofagoodmoney—stabilitytovalue.Itisnolongeracceptableasastoreofvalue;anditbecomesanunsuitablestandardofdeferred(延期的)payments.Nobodywantstoholdawastingasset(资产),sopeopletrytogetridofmoneyasquicklyaspossible.Inflationthereforestimulatesconsumerspending,andpreventspeoplefromsaving.
阅读理解A)Thatmanistheverypersonthatyouarelookingfor.B)Adjustingtothenewlifewaslessdifficultthanhehadexpected.C)Theairpollutiontheredidgreatharmtomyhealth.D)Thoughhefailedmanytimes,hewouldnevergiveup.
阅读理解阅读下面的文章，回答问题西溪的晴雨郁达夫西北风未起，蟹也不曾肥，我原晓得芦花总还没有白，前两星期，源宁来看了西湖，说他倒觉得有点失望，因为湖光山色，太整齐，太小巧，不够味儿。他开来的一张节目上，原有西溪的一项；恰巧第二天又下了微雨，秋原和我就主张微雨里下西溪，好教源宁去尝一尝这西湖近旁的野趣。天色是阴阴漠漠的一层，湿风吹来，有点儿冷，也有点儿香，香的是野草花的气息。车过方井旁边，自然又下车来，去看了一下那座天主圣教修士们的古墓。从墓门望进去，只是黑沉沉，冷冰冰的一个大洞，什么也看不见，鼻子里却闻吸到了一种霉灰的阴气。把鼻子掀了两掀，耸了一耸肩膀，大家都说，可惜忘记带了电筒，但在下意识里，自然也有一种恐怖、不安和畏缩的心意，在那里作恶，直到了花坞的溪旁，走进窗明几净的静莲庵堂去坐下，喝了两碗清茶，这一些鬼胎，方才洗涤了个空空脱脱。游西溪，本来是以松木场下船，带了酒盒行厨，慢慢儿地向西摇去为正宗。像我们那么高坐了汽车，飞鸣而过古荡、东岳，一个钟头要走百来里路的旅客，终于是难度的俗物。但是俗物也有俗益。你若坐在汽车座里，引颈而向西向北一望，直到湖州，只见一派空明，遥盖在淡绿成阴的斜平海上；这中间不见水，不见山，当然也不见人，只是渺渺茫茫，青青绿绿，远无岸，近亦无田园村落的一个大斜坡，过秦亭山后，一直到留下为止的那一条沿山大道上的景色，好处就在这里，尤其是当微雨朦胧，江南草长的春或秋的半中间。从留下上船，回环曲折，一路向西向北，只在芦花浅水里打圈圈；圆桥茅舍，桑树蓼花，是本地的风光，还不足道；最古怪的，是剩在背后的一带湖上的青山，不知不觉，忽而又会得移上你的面前来，和你点一点头，又匆匆的别了。摇船的少女，也总好算是西溪的一景；一个站在船尾把摇橹，一个坐在船头上使桨，身体一伸一俯，一往一来，和橹声的咿呀，水波的起落，凑合成一大又圆又曲的进行软调；游人到此，自然会想起瘦西湖边，竹西歌吹的闲情，而源宁昨天在漪园月下老人祠里求得的那枝灵签，仿佛是完全的应了，签诗的语文，是《庸风桑中》章末后的三句，叫做“期我乎桑中，要我乎上宫，送我乎淇之上矣”。此后便到了交芦庵，上了弹指楼，因为是在雨里，带水拖泥，终于也感不到什么的大趣，但这一天向晚回来，在湖滨酒楼上放谈之下，源宁却一本正经地说：“今天的西溪，却比昨日的西湖，要好三倍。”前天星期假日，日暖风和，并且在报上也曾看到了芦花怒放的消息；午后日斜，老龙夫妇，又来约去西溪，去的时候，太晚了一点，所以只在秋雪庵的弹指楼上，葫磨了半日之半。一片斜阳，反照在芦花浅渚的高头，花也并未怒放，树叶也不曾凋落，原不见秋，更不见雪，只是一味的晴明浩荡，飘飘然，浑浑然，洞贯了我们的肠腑。老僧无相，烧了面，泡了茶，更送来了酒，末后还拿出了纸和墨，我们看看日影下的北高峰，看看庵旁边的芦花荡，就问无相，花要几时才能全白?老僧操着缓慢的楚国口音，微笑着说：“总要到阴历十月的中间；若有月亮，更为出色。”说后，还提出了一个交换的条件，要我们到那时候，再去一玩，他当预备些精馔相待，聊当作润笔，可是今天的字，却非写不可。老龙写了“一剑横飞破六合，万家憔悴哭三吴”的十四个字，我也附和着抄了一副不知在哪里见过的联语：“春梦有时来枕畔，夕阳依旧上帘钩。”喝得酒醉醺醺，走下楼来，小河里起了晚烟，船中间满载了黑暗，龙妇又逸兴遄飞，不知上那里去摸出了一枝洞箫来吹着。“其声呜呜然，如怨如慕，如泣如诉，余音袅袅，不绝如缕”，倒真有点像是七月既望，和东坡在赤壁的夜游。一九三五年十月二十二日
阅读理解CanalsexistedinEgyptthousandsofyearsago.ThegreatcanalatBabylonwasbuiltabout2000B.C..TheGrandCanalofChina,whichisover900mileslong,wasbegunabout2500yearsago,andtookcenturiestofinish.Duringtheseventeenthcentury,Francebuiltmanycanalsthatarestillinusetoday.However,theyarenotsoheavilytraveledastheywereahundredyearsago,beforerailwayswerebuilt.Onesuchcanalisashort-cutbetweentheAtlanticOceanandtheMediterranean.CanalsinGermanypermitboatstogofromtheBlackSeatotheNorthSea.TheKielCanalprovidesapassagewaybetweentheNorthSeaandtheBaltic.InAmerica,theGreatLakesareallconnectedbycanals,enablingshipstogofromtheAtlanticOceanandtheSt.LawrenceRivertoLakeSuperior.Itisimpossibletoanswerthequestion,"Whobuiltthefirstcanal?"Perhapssomepeoplelongago,livinginadrycountry,discoveredthattheycoulddigditchestoirrigatetheirfieldswithriverwater.And,naturally,inthedayswhenboatswerethemostimportantmeansoftransport,canalsweretheeasiestmeansofreachingaplacethatwasnotonariver.Acanaljoiningtworiversprovedbotheasyandtime-savingforboattravel.Today,mostcountriesintheworldhavecanals.Eveninthetwentiethcentury,goodscanmovemorecheaplybyboatthanbyanyothermeansoftransport.Somecanals,suchastheSuezorthePanama,saveshipsweeksoftimebymakingtheirvoyageathousandmilesshorter.Othercanalspermitboatstoreachcitiesthatarenotlocatedonthecoast.Stillothercanalsdrainlandswherethereistoomuchwater,helptoirrigatefieldswherethereisnotenough,water,andfurnishwaterpowerforfactoriesandmills.
阅读理解Realpolicemen,bothinBritainandintheUnitedStates,hardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeaboutthemselvesonTV.Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman'srealliferevolvesroundthelaw.Mostofhistrainingisincriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer.Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal.Assoonasheisarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackswhere—failuretoproduceresultswillaffectthereputationofthepolice—littleeffortisspentonsearching.Thepolicehaveanelaboratemachinerywhicheventuallyshowsupmostwantedmen.Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofevidence.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofpeoplewhoactguiltyofcrimes.Athirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantmoraltwilightinwhichtherealonelives.Detectivesaresubjecttotwoopposingpressures;firstasmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehavewithabsolutelegality;secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.
阅读理解阅读诗歌《天狗》，然后回答问题。天狗我是一条天狗呀!／我把月来吞了，／我把日来吞了，／我把一切的星球来吞了，／我把全宇宙来吞了。／我便是我了!我是月底光，／我是日底光，／我是一切星球底光，／我是x光线底光，／我是全宇宙底Energy底总量!我飞奔，／我狂叫，／我燃烧。／我如烈火一样地燃烧!／我如大海一样地狂叫!／我如电气一样地飞跑!／我飞跑，／我飞跑，／我飞跑，／我剥我的皮，我食我的肉，／我嚼我的血，我啮我的心肝，／我在我神经上飞跑，／我在我脊髓上飞跑，／我在我脑筋上飞跑。我便是我呀!／我的我要爆了!请回答：
阅读理解NOTallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyreliveexperiencesinnightmares.NowAmericanresearchersaredevelopingapillwhichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.Thepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperience.Theyhopeitmightreduce,orpossiblyerasetheeffectofpainfulmemories.InNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.Sofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatthememoriesareerased.Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadidea,whileotherssupportit.Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers'troublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories."Somememoriescanruinpeople'slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon'twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmare.Theyusuallycomewithverypainfulemotions,"saidRogerPitman,aprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool."Thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering."Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatchangingmemoriesisverydangerousbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity.Theyalsohelpusavoidthemistakesofthepast."Allofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivesthatwerehorribleatthetimebuttheycanmakeuswhoweare.I'mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesout,"saidRebeccaDresser,amedicalethicist.
阅读理解IfIhadtheabilitytochangeonethingaboutAmericansociety,mydecisionwouldnotbeadifficultone.Iwouldbantelevision.Igrewupacouchpotato.Lookingback,itseemsIhardlyreadanythingelseatall—IwatchedTValmostsevenhoursaday.Therearesomanygoodreasonsforyoutobeacouchpotato.Televisionisgoodbeforebreakfastentertainment.Televisionisgoodafter-schoolentertainment.Televisionisgoodbeforebedentertainment.Everybodywatchesit,soyouhavetowatchittooinordertotalkaboutitwithfriends.Otherwiseyoucannotsayaword,whichmakesyoulooklikeanidiot.ButwhenIstoppedwatchingtelevisioncompletelyseveralmonthsago,IfoundthatIhadbecomeamorereflectiveperson,simplybecauseIhadmoretimetothink.Televisionhadstoppedstuffingitsideasintomyhead.Iwasthinkingofmychildhood,andtomydisappointment,Ifoundthatitcouldbesummedupadequatelyinonesentence:"IwatchedalotofTV."AndIwastedtoomuchofmyyouththatIcannothaveback.IwillneverbemoreimaginativethanIwasinmychildhood.NowIcantotallyresistthetemptationofTVnomatterhowmarveloustheprogramsare,andI'menteringintoanewstageoflife.Inthemeantime,I'dhopethatallcouchpotatoeswouldturnofftheirTV.ButIamafraidthatwithmoreandmoreattractiveTVprograms,I'mnotgoingtobethelastpersoninthiscountrytoidleawaythebestyearsoflifesittingpassivelyinfrontofatelevision.
阅读理解Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchprioritizeitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling.Ifspellingbecomestheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher'sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelyto"playsafe".Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That'swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:"Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible(难以辨认的)."Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil'stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,whichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechild'sdeepfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild'sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivationtoseekimprovement.
阅读理解OnesillyquestionIsimplycan'tstandis"Howdoyoufeel".Usuallythequestionisaskedofamaninaction—amanonthego,walkingalongthestreet,orbusilyworkingatdesk.Sowhatdoyouexpecthimtosay?He'llprobablysay,"Fine,I'mallright."But"You'veputabuginhisear",maybenowhe'snotsure.Ifyouareagoodfriend,youmayhaveseensomethinginhidface,orhiswalk,thathedidnotrealizethatmorning.Itstartshimworryingalittle.Firstthingyouknow,helooksinamirrortoseeifeverythingisallright,whileyougomerrilyonyourwayaskingsomeoneelse,"Howdoyoufeel?"Everyquestionhasitstimeandplace.It'sperfectlyacceptable;forinstance,toask"Howdoyoufeel?"ifyou'revisitingaclosefriendinthehospital.Butifthefellowiswalkingonbothlegs,hurryingtomakeatrain,orsittingathisdeskworking,it'snotimetoaskhimthatsillyquestion.WhenGeorgeBernardShaw,thefamouswriterofplayswasinhiseighties,someoneaskedhim:"Howdoyoufell?"Shawputhiminhisplace."Whenyoureachmyage,"hesaid,"eitheryoufeelallrightoryou'redead."