阅读理解阅读下面的文章，回答问题郭沫若的“崛起”邹士方郭沫若的《女神》是中国最优秀的新诗诗集，《女神》的诞生使郭沫若成为中国新诗界的巨人，奠定了他在整个新文学史上的地位。《女神》的诞生同一个很有关系，他可以算作是《女神》的“催生婆”，这就是宗白华先生。1918年11月，宗白华开始担任上海《时事新报》副刊《学灯》主编，宗白华就是在这期间发现和扶植了郭沫若。《学灯》属于“学艺性副刊”，原来占据主要篇幅的是学术性讨论、报道、翻译、名人演讲录及编作者之间的通信。宗白华到来后，把哲学、美学和新文艺(特别是新诗和戏剧)的血液输入《学灯》，使《学灯》大放异彩，成为遐迩闻名的五四时期四大副刊之一。在宗白华的建议下，1919年8月15日《学灯》开辟《新文艺》栏，开始刊载新诗。宗白华从大量来稿中发现了字体秀丽的日本来件，深为留学生的浪漫热情而感动。他没有因为上面陌生的作者名字而看轻作品的实际价值，不久署名“沫若”的诗作《鹭鸶》与《抱和儿浴博多湾中》在9月11日《学灯》刊出。当时郭沫若在日本福冈九州大学医学部学习，出于爱国热情，他集合几个同学组织了一个小团体“夏社”，出油印小报。在编印小报过程中，他经常阅读上海的《时事新报》，《学灯》引起了他浓厚的兴趣。当他在8月29日《新文艺》栏上读到康白情的白话诗《送慕韩往巴黎》，唤起了自己的胆量，遂将自己以前的诗作投寄《学灯》，不想很快刊出，惊喜若狂。在此之前郭沫若虽有创作和翻译，但他知音难觅，寄回国内，屡屡碰壁。这次作品第一次变成了铅字，给他的生活道路和创作历程带来了决定性的转折。闸门已经打开，诗人的才华之泉终于进发奔流了!宗白华以敏锐的洞察力，判断出年轻诗人胸中蕴藏着不可估量的创造力，看到一颗珍珠正在东洋岛国烁烁闪光，他以惊人的气魄将“无名小辈”的作品接二连三地大量发表，9月下旬至11月下旬就陆续发表了《死的诱惑》《新月白云》(《某礼拜日》等十几首。宗白华鼓励比自己年长五岁的郭沫若尽量写诗，为此1920年1月宗在《学灯》取消了《新文艺》栏而代以《新诗》栏。郭凡有诗寄去，宗毫无保留地发表，甚至有时用《学灯》整个篇幅。沫若像一座作诗的工厂，产品有了销路，他的诗兴大发，于是沫若的诗像潮水一样接连不断地在《学灯》上涌现出来。大量地编发一位无名作者的新诗，在《学灯》编辑史上是绝无仅有的，在中国报刊史上也是罕见的。在现代文学史上，宗白华不仅是郭沫若新诗的最初编发者，而且是第一位评论者和鉴赏家。他在给郭沫若的信中说：“我很希望《学灯》栏每天发表你一篇新诗，使《学灯》栏有一种清芬，有一种自然的清芬”，对于《凤凰涅檗》和《天狗》二诗，他热烈地赞颂：“你的凤歌真雄丽，你的诗是以哲理做骨子，所以意味浓深。不像现在有许多新诗一读过后便索然无味了。所以白话诗尤其重在思想意境及真实的情绪，因为没有辞藻来粉饰他。”“你《天狗》一首是从真感觉中发出来的，总有存在的价值，不过我觉得你的诗，就是形式方面还要注意。你诗形式的美同康白情的正相反，他有些诗，形式构造方面嫌过复杂，使人读了有点麻烦，你的诗又嫌简单固定了点，还欠点流动曲折，所以我盼望你考察一下，研究一下。你的诗意诗境偏于雄放直率方面，宜于作雄浑的大诗，所以我又盼望你多作像凤歌一类的大诗，这类新诗国内能者甚少，你将以此见长。但你小诗的意境也都不坏，只是构造方面还要曲折优美一点，同作词中小令一样。要意简而曲，词少而工。”对于宗白华的扶植和帮助，郭沫若是永远不忘的，他认为由于宗白华给予他很大的鼓励使他有最初的一本《女神》的集成，他甚至感激地称宗白华为“我的钟子期!”(选自《艺术大师的流年碎影》，有删改)
阅读理解阅读下面的诗歌，回答问题却归睦州至七里滩下作刘长卿南归犹谪宦，独上子陵滩。江树临洲晚，沙禽对水寒。山开斜照在，石浅乱流难。惆怅梅花发，年年此地看。【注】诗人遭到贪官鄂州观察使吴仲儒诬陷，再次被贬，去贬谪任所睦州途中经过七里滩时写下这首诗。
阅读理解Humanshavelongbeenstudyingtheflightofbirdsandtryingtoimitateit.Notuntilthetwentiethcenturydidengineersfullyunderstandtheprinciplesofflightthatbirdshavebeenusingformillionsofyears.Birdsareadaptedintheirbodystructure,asnoothercreatures,tolifeintheair.Theirwing,tails,hollowbones,andinternalairsacs(气囊)allcontributetothisgreatfaculty.Theseadaptationsmakeitpossibleforbirdstoseekoutenvironmentsmostfavorabletotheirneedsatdifferenttimesoftheyear.Thisresultsinthemarvelousphenomenonweknowasmigration—theregular,seasonalmovementofentirepopulationsofbirdsfromonegeographiclocationtoanother.Eachyearwithgreatregularitymostspeciesofbirdsreturntotheirsummerhomes,court(求偶)andchoosemates,buildtheirnests,layeggs,andreartheiryoung.Inthelatesummerandfalltheyacquiretheirnewplumage(羽毛).Thentheyjoinwithothersoftheirkindinlargeandsmallflocks,feedingandstoringupfatintheirbodies.Thustheyprepareforthehardshipsofwinter,whethertheyremaininthecoldnorthlandsormakethestrenuous(艰苦的)journeytothesouth.
阅读理解雏菊[法]雨果①前几天我经过文宪路，一座联结两处六层高楼的木栅栏引起我的注意。它投影在路面上，透过拼合得不严紧的木板，阳光在影上画线，吸引人的平行金色条纹，像文艺复兴时期的美丽的黑缎上所见的。我走近前去，往板缝里观看。②这座栅栏今天所围住的，是两年前，1839年6月被焚毁的滑稽歌舞剧院的场地。③午后2时，烈日炎炎，路上空无人迹。④一扇灰色的门，大概是单扇门，两边隆起中间凹下，还带洛可可式的装饰，可能是百年前爱俏的年轻女子的闺门，正安装在栅栏上。只要稍稍提起插栓就开了。我走了进去。⑤凄凄惨惨，无比荒凉。满地泥灰，到处是大石块，被遗弃在那里等待，苍白如墓石，发霉像废墟。场里没有人。邻近的房屋墙上留有明显的火焰与浓烟的痕迹。⑥可是，这块土地，火灾以后已遭受两个春天的连续毁坏，在它的梯形的一隅，在一块正在变绿的巨石下面，延伸着埋葬虫与蜈蚣的地下室。巨石后面的阴暗处，长出了一些小草。我坐在石上俯视这棵植物。⑦天啊!就在那里长出一棵世界上最美丽的小小的雏菊，一个可爱的小小的飞虫绕着雏菊娇艳地来回飞舞。⑧这朵草花安静地生长，并遵循大自然的美好的规律，在泥土中，在巴黎中心，在两条街道之间，离王宫两步，离骑兵竞技场四步，在行人，店铺，出租马车，公共马车和国王的四轮华丽马车之间，这朵花，这朵临近街道的田野之花激起我无穷无尽的遐想。⑨十年前，谁能预见日后有一天在那里会长出一朵雏菊!⑩如果说在这原址上，就像旁边的地面上一样，从没有别的什么，只有许多房屋，就是说房产业主，房客和看门人，以及夜晚临睡前小心翼翼地灭烛熄火的居民，那么在这里绝对不会长出田野的花。(11)这朵花凝结了多少事物，多少失败和成功的演出，多少破产的人家，多少意外的事故，多少奇遇，多少突然‘降临的灾难!对于每晚被吸引到这里来生活的我们这班人，如果两年前眼中出现这朵花，这帮人骇然会把它当做幽灵!命运是多么作弄人的迷宫，多少神秘的安排，归根结底，终于化为这洁光四射的悦目的小小黄太阳!(12)必须先要有一座剧院和一场火灾，即一个城市的欢乐和一个城市的恐怖，一个是人类最优美的发明，一个是最可怕的天灾，三十年的狂笑和三十小时的滚滚火焰，才生长出这朵雏菊，赢得飞虫的喜悦!(13)对善于观察的的人，最渺小的事物往往就是最重大的事物。
阅读理解阅读下面这首诗，回答问题。点绛唇李清照蹴罢秋千，起来慵整纤纤手。露浓花瘦，薄汗轻衣透。见客入来，袜划金钗溜。和羞走。倚门回首，却把青梅嗅。
阅读理解Itwasacoldwinterday.AwomandroveuptotheRainbowBridgetollbooth(收费站),"I'mpayingformyself,andforthesixcarsbehindme,"shesaidwithasmile.Oneafteranother,thenextsixdriversarrivingatthetollboothwereinformed,"Someladyupaheadalreadypaidyourfare."Itturnedoutthatthewoman,NatalieSmith,hadreadsomethingonafriend'srefrigerator:"Practicerandom(随意的)kindnessandsenselessactsofbeauty."Thephraseimpressedhersomuchthatshecopieditdown.JudyFormanspottedthesamephraseonawarehousewallfarawayfromhome.Whenitstayedonhermindfordays,shedecidedtodriveallthewaybacktocopyitdown."Ithoughtitwasbeautiful,"shesaid,explainingwhyshewouldwriteitatthebottomofallherletters,"likeamessagefromabove."Herhusband,Frank,likedthephrasesomuchthatheputitupontheclassroomwallforhisstudents,oneofwhomwasthedaughterofAliceJohnson,alocalnewsreporter.Aliceputitinthenewspaper,admittingthatthoughshelikedit,shedidnotknowwhereitcamefromorwhatitreallymeant.Twodayslater,AlicegotacallfromAnneHerbert,awomanlivinginMarin.ItwasinarestaurantthatAnnewrotethephrasedownonapieceofpaper,afterturningitaroundinhermindfordays."Here'stheidea,"Annesays."Anythingyouthinkthereshouldbemoreof,doitrandomly."Herfantasiesincludepaintingtheclassroomsofoldschools,leavinghotmealsonkitchentablesinthepoorpartoftown,andgivingmoneysecretlytoapooroldlady.Annesays,"Kindnesscanbuildonitselfasmuchasviolencecan."Theactsofrandomkindnessspread.Ifyouwereoneofthosedriverswhofoundyourfarepaid,whoknowswhatyoumighthavebeeninspiredtodoforsomeoneelselater.Likeallgreatevents,kindnessbeginsslowly,witheverysingleact.Letitbeyours!
阅读理解A)Thisinventionisofgreatimportancetotheprogressofsociety.B)Itissaidthatcelebrationwillbepostponedtonextweek.C)Ourofficehasrecentlyconvertedtoanewcomputersystem.D)It'swell-knownthateducationisthefoundationofaprosperouscountry.
阅读理解Itseemsclearthatliteraturehasbecomemoreandmoreafemaleactivity.Inbookstores,atconferencesorpublicreadingsbywriters,andeveninuniversitydepartmentsdedicatedtothehumanities,thewomenclearlyoutnumberthemen.Theexplanationtraditionallygivenisthatmiddle-classwomenreadmorebecausetheyworkfewerhoursthanmen,andsomanyofthemfeelthattheycanjustifymoreeasilythanmenthetimethattheydevotetofantasyandillusion.Iamsomewhatallergictoexplanationsthatdividemenandwomenintofrozencategoriesandattributetoeachsexitscharacteristicvirtuesandshortcomings;butthereisnodoubtthattherearefewerandfewerreadersofliterature,andthatamongthesavingremnant(剩余)ofreaderswomenpredominate.Thisisthecasealmosteverywhere.InSpain,forexample,arecentsurveyorganizedbytheGeneralSocietyofSpanishWritersrevealedthathalfofthatcountry'spopulationhasneverreadabook.Thesurveyalsorevealedthatintheminoritythatdoesread,thenumberofwomenwhoadmittedtoreadingsurpassesthenumberofmenby6.2percent,adifferencethatappearstobeincreasing.Iamhappyforthesewomen,butIfeelsorryforthesemen,andforthemillionsofhumanbeingswhocouldreadbuthavedecidednottoread.Theyearnmypitynotonlybecausetheyareunawareofthepleasurethattheyaremissing,butalsobecauseIamconvincedthatasocietywithoutliterature,orasocietyinwhichliteraturehasbeenrelegated—likesomehiddenvice—tothemarginsofsocialandpersonallife,isasocietycondemnedtobecomespirituallybarbaric,andeventojeopardize(破坏)itsfreedom.Iwishtoofferafewargumentsagainsttheideaofliteratureasaluxurypastime,andinfavorofviewingitasoneofthemostprimaryandnecessaryundertakingsofthemind,anirreplaceableactivityfortheformationofcitizensinamodernanddemocraticsociety,asocietyoffreeindividuals.
阅读理解阅读下面文字，完成文后各题。沙漠胡杨王永杰新疆有两种著名的树，一是白杨，一是胡杨。白杨的美在于挺拔，而胡杨之美在于顽强的生命力和醉人的金黄色。胡杨是古老的树，据说，几千万年前就在地球上生存。曾经是山地河谷的主要树种。在新疆伊犁地区，巩乃斯河沿岸至今还有胡杨树的身影，但是已经没有成片成林的样子。随着时间的推移，不知是沙漠选择了胡杨，还是胡杨爱上了沙漠，胡杨逐渐演变成沙漠河流沿岸最主要的树种。胡杨是美丽的树。每年10月，秋天的胡杨就穿上金黄色的礼服，迎接四面八方慕名而来的宾客。远观胡杨，层林尽染，一片金色的海洋。近观胡杨，每一片叶子很通透，叶脉清晰可见，特别是在太阳初升，或者在夕阳西下的时候，逆光或者侧光去端详，透明的叶片相互映衬，散射出黄色的光晕。当然，最壮观的是乘坐三角翼飞机，逆着光从胡杨林头顶飞过。胡杨是一种神奇的树。小的时候形状如柳树，枝条柔软，叶子细长。长大了，树干挺直，叶子就成为杨树叶子的形状，只不过尺寸小一些。所以，胡杨也称为“异叶杨”、“变叶杨”。有人说，胡杨的奇特在于一树三种叶。一棵粗壮的胡杨，离地一米以下长有枝条的话，叶子一定是柳叶的样子，高一些就是杨树的叶子，再高一些会有枫叶的形状。胡杨开花结果，靠种子繁殖。4月份的时候，胡杨就长出一串一串菱形的果实，就像一小段一小段绿色的鞭炮挂满枝头。说是果实，其实是花的苞囊，慢慢地从绿色变成淡红色，六七月份的时候，苞裘就炸开了，淡紫色羽状的花就露出来，风一吹，成熟了的种子带着小伞随风飘浮，找到一个湿润的地方，就扎根、发芽，长成一棵顶天立地的胡杨树。胡杨的根很奇特，可以扎到地下几十米，吸取水分，顽强地撑起一片生命的绿色：走进胡杨林，你可能看到，有些粗大的胡杨，裸露的根部很粗壮，很发达。但胡杨小的时候，根系很不发达，有一个主根很粗，主要是和胡杨生长的环境有关，它必须把根迅速插进地底下，获取宝贵的水资源。所以胡杨很难移栽，因为不小心就挖断了主根。胡杨是顽强的树，生长在西北沙漠地带。耐干旱、耐盐碱，不怕酷热严寒，不畏风沙侵袭。或成片成林，或孑然一身，顽强地矗立在沙漠戈壁，履行着自己与生俱来的使命一一抗风沙，保绿洲。沿着沙漠公路走一走，你会看到在沙漠边缘，沿着古河道，生长着或高或低、错落有致的胡杨，尤其是沿着塔里木河两岸，生长着茂密的胡杨林。有人说，正是有了这片胡杨林，天山南麓的大片绿洲才免遭沙漠的吞噬。所以，当地人称胡杨为“英雄树”，也有人赞美它是“沙漠的脊梁”。第一次走进沙漠，见到胡杨，我就被胡杨顽强的生命力所折服。粗壮的树干、开裂的树皮、奇异的形状，在塔克拉玛干大漠的烈日炙烤下，顽强地挺立着，用不太茂密的叶子，为我们这些到访者撑起一片片阴凉。有的树冠已经枯死，却从半身腰伸出一根绿枝；有的下半部分的小虬枝沿着树干枯萎着，树顶部分却绿意盎然；有的半边身子似乎已经焦黑，却在一侧长着茂密的枝叶；甚至有的上半部分已经没有了树皮，露出白森森的树干，下半部分却快意地生长着；还有的树身子已经匍匐在地，靠一些枝杈支撑着，树冠部分依然歪歪扭扭地向上展开……此时此刻，我似乎体味到一些坚韧不拔的含义。在塔里木盆地，塔克拉玛干沙漠，常年与胡杨相伴的，还有许许多多从事不同工作的塔里木人，他们与胡杨有着十分相似的精神和品质。建设兵团的人说，我们兵团人足迹遍及大漠，屯垦戍边，胡杨扎根大漠的顽强精神是我们兵团文化的灵魂；罗布泊的军人们说，我们勇闯禁区，维护祖国统一，我们是塔里木沙漠中的另一种胡杨；塔里木石油人说，我们征服沙漠，奉献石油，“只有荒凉的沙漠，没有荒凉的人生”是胡杨和石油人共同的价值观。
阅读理解Foryears,childrenintheindustrialareasofEuropeandAmericaseldomlefttheirsmokycitiestoseethebeautiesofthecountryside.Thiswasnotbecausethewoodsandfieldswerealwaysfaraway,butbecausetheyweretoofarfromthecitytopermitpeopletomakeadaytripbetweenmorningandnightfall.In1970,ayoungGermanschoolmasterhadanideathatchangedthisstateofaffairs.Hedecidedtoturnhislittleschoolhouseintoadormitoryorhostelforthesummerholidays.Anyonewhobroughthissleepingbagandcookingequipmentalongcouldstaythereforaverysmallquantityofmoney.Theideawasasuccess.Afewyearslater,theschoolhousewasmuchtoosmalltoholdthemanyyoungpeoplewhowantedtostaythere.Asaresult,adormitorywassetupinanoldcastlenearby.Thiswasthefirsthostel.Today,youngstudentsandworkersofeverycountrycanmeetinthehostelandgettoknoweachother.Whenyoungpeoplearriveatthehostel,theyhaveonlytoshowtheircardofmembershipinahostelorganizationintheirowncountry.Thiscardwillpermitthemtousethefacilitiesofhostelsallovertheworldforverylowprices.Often,attheeveningmeal,agroupofboysandgirlsfromvariouspartsofthecountryorworldwillhappentomeetatthesamehostel.Theymayputtheirfoodtogetherandprepareadinnerwithmanykindsofdishes.Sometimesaprogramwillbeorganizedafterthemealwithdances,songs,orshorttalksfollowedbyaquestionperiod.Onecanlearnalotofthingsaboutotherplaces,justbymeetingpeoplewhocomefromthoseplaces.Forthisreason,afewweeksspent"hosteling"canbejustasusefulapartofone'seducationasclassesinschool.
阅读理解CentralPark,emergingfromaperiodofabuseandneglect,remainsoneofthemostpopularattractionsinNewYorkCity,withhalfamillionout-of-townersamongthemorethan3millionpeoplewhovisittheparkyearly.About15millionindividualvisitsaremadeeachyear.Summeristheseasonforsoftball,concerts,andShakespeare;fallisstunning;winteriswonderfulforsledding,skating,andskiing;andspring-timeistheloveliestofall.Itwasallplannedthatway.About130yearsagoFredericLawOlmstedandhiscollaboratorCalvertVauxsubmittedtheirlandscapingplanforrectangularparceltwomilesnorthofthetown'scenter.Thebarrenswampytract,homeforsquattersandabone-boilingworksthatmadeglue,wasreportedas"apestilentialspotwheremiasmicodorstainteverybreathofair".Ittook16yearsforworkerswithpickaxesandshovelstomove5millioncubicfeetofearthandrock,andtoplanthalfamilliontreesandshrubs,makingatributetonature—aromanticnineteenth-centuryperceptionofnature.WhatexiststodayisessentiallyOlmstedandVaux'splan,withmoretrees,buildings,andasphalt.LandscapearchitectsstillspeakreverentlyofOlmsted'sgeniusandforesight,andthesensitivevisitorcanseetheeffectshesought.
阅读理解Untilthetwentiethcenturycigarettesmokingwasnotawidespreadhabit.Thecigaretteindustrystartedinthe1870'swiththedevelopmentofthecigarettemanufacturingmachines.Ithelpedproducegreatnumbersofcigarettesveryquicklyandreducethepricegreatly.Andconsequentlymoreandmorepeople,bothmenandwomen,begantosmokecigarettes.Manasagroup,however,smokemorethanwomen.Butthehighestproportionofsmokersisfoundintheagegroupof24-44,regardlessofsex.difference.Income,education,andoccupationallplayapartindeterminingaperson'ssmokinghabits.Citypeoplesmokemorethanpeoplelivingonfarms.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettesthanmenwithfeweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes.Ontheotherhand,ifawell-educatedmanwithahigherincomesmokesatall,heislikelytosmokemorepacksofcigarettesperday.Thesituationissomewhatdifferentforwomen.Thereareslightlymoresmokersamongwomenwithhigherfamilyincomesandhighereducationthanamongthelowerincomeandlowereducationgroups.Thesemorehighlyeducatedwomentendtosmokemoreheavily.Amongteenagersthepictureissimilar.Therearefewerteenagesmokersfromupper-income,well-educatedfamilies,andfewerfromfamilieslivinginfarmareas.Highschoolstudentswhoarepreparingforcollegearelesslikelytosmokethanthosewhodonotplantocontinuetheireducationafterhighschool.Childrenaremostlikelytostartsmokingifoneorbothoftheirparentssmoke.
阅读理解Americanthisyearwillswallow15,000tonsofaspirin,oneofthesafestandmosteffectivedrugsinventedbyman.Themostpopularmedicineintheworldtoday,itisaneffectivepainreliever.Itsbadeffectsarerelativelymild,anditischeap.Formillionsofpeoplesufferingfromarthritis(关节炎),itistheonlythingthatworks.Aspirin,inshort,istrulythe20th-centurywonderdrug.Itisalsothesecondlargestsuicidedrugandistheleadingcauseofpoisoningamongchildren.Ithassideeffectsthatalthoughrelativelymildarelargelyunrecognizedamongusers.AlthoughaspirinwasfirstsoldbyaGermancompanyin1899,ithasbeenaroundmuchlongerthanthat.Hippocrates,inancientGreece,understoodthemedicalvalueoftheleavesandtreebarkwhichtodayareknowntocontainsalicylates,thechemicalinaspirin.Duringthe19thcentury,therewasagreatdealofexperimentationinEuropewiththischemical,anditledtotheintroductionofaspirin.By1915,aspirintabletswereavailableintheUnitedStates.Asmallquantityofaspirin(twofive-graintablets)relievespainandinflammation(发炎).Italsoreducesfeverbyinterferingwithsomeofthebody'sreactions.Specifically,aspirinseemstoslowdowntheformationoftheacidsinvolvedinpainandthecomplexchemicalreactionsthatcausefever.Thechemistryoftheseacidsisnotfullyunderstood,buttheslowingeffectofaspiriniswellknown.Aspirinisveryirritatingtothestomachlining,andmanyaspirintakerscomplainaboutupsetstomach.Thereisarightwayandawrongwaytotakeaspirin.Thebestwayistochewthetabletsbeforeswallowingthemwithwater,butfewpeoplecanstandthebittertaste.Somepeoplesuggestcrushingthetablesinmilkororangejuiceanddrinkingthat.
阅读理解阅读下面的诗，回答问题。芣苢①采采芣苢，薄言②采之，采采芣苢，薄言有③之。采采芣苢，薄言掇④之。采采芣苢，薄言捋⑤之。采采芣苢，薄言袺⑥之。采采芣苢，薄言襭之。注：①选自《诗经·周南》，这是妇女们采集野菜时唱的民歌。芣苢(fúyǐ)：车前(草名)，可食。②薄、言：都是语助词，无实意。③有：得到。④掇(duō)：摘取、拾取。⑤捋(luō)：成把地握取。⑥祜(jié)：手持衣角盛物。⑦襭(xié)：把衣襟掖在腰带间装物。
阅读理解Peopletendtobemoreimpressedbyevidencethatseemstoconfirmsomerelationship.Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsareprophetic(预言的)becauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.Consideralsothebeliefthat"thephonealwaysringswhenI'mintheshower."Ifitdoesringwhileyouareintheshower,theeventwillstandoutandberemembered.Ifitdoesn'tring,thatnoneventprobablywon'tevenregister(留下印象).Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Consider,forexample,thecommonbeliefthatthingslikepersonalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeaths"happeninthrees."Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.Ifthreeplanecrashesoccurinamonth,thentheperiodoftimethatcountsastheir"happeningtogether"isonemonth;ifthreecrashesoccurinayear,theperiodoftimeisstretched.Flexibleendpointsreinforcesuchbeliefs.Wealsotendtobelievewhatwewanttobelieve.Amajorityofpeoplethinktheyaremoreintelligent,morefair-mindedandmoreskilledbehindthewheelofanautomobilethantheaverageperson.Partofthereasonweviewourselvessofavorablyisthatweusecriteriathatworktoouradvantage.AseconomistThomasSchellingexplains,"Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy."Thiswayeveryonerankshighonhisownscale.Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautious(谨慎的)indrawingconclusions.The"evidence"ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.
阅读理解Peterlovedtobuyusedarticles.Almostamonthago,heboughtapopularwordgamethatusedlittlepiecesofwoodwithdifferentlettersonthem.Ashewaspurchasingit,thesalesgirlsaid,"Uh,look,thegameboxhasn'tevenbeenopenedyet.Thatmightbeworthsomemoney."Peterexaminedthebox,andsureenough,itwascompletelycoveredinfactory-sealedplastic.Hesawadateof1973onthebackofthebox."Youshouldputthatupforauction(拍卖)ontheInternet,andseewhathappens,"thesalesgirlsaid."Yes,you'reright.Peoplelikesomethingrare,"Peteragreed,"Ican'timaginetherebeingverymanyunopenedboxesofthisgamestillaround40yearslater.""Don'tforgettotellmeifyousellit,"thesalesgirlsmiled."Noproblem,"Petersaid.Afterhegothome,Peterwentonlinetoseveralauctionwebsiteslookingforhisgame,buthecouldnotfindit.ThenhetypedinthenameofthewordgameandhitSEARCH.Thesearchresultwas543websitescontaininginformationaboutthechangesofthegame.Overtheyears,thegamehadbeenproducedusinglettersindifferentsizesandgameboardsindifferentcolors.Healsofoundsomelistsofgamefanslookingforvariousversionsofthegame.Peteremailedsomeofthem,tellingthemwhathehad.Twoweekslater,Peterwentbacktotheshop."Hello!Doyoustillremembertheunopenedwordgame?"Thesalesgirllookedathimforasecond,thenrecognizedhimandsaid,"Oh,hi!""I'vegotsomethingforyou,"Petersaid."Isoldthegameandmade$1000.Thankyouforyoursuggestion."Hehandedherthree$100bills."Wow!"thesalesgirlcriedout."Thankyou!Ineverexpectedit."
阅读理解Theoutsideworldbeginscreepingintotheschoolwhenthechildrenreachtheageof13andolder,theagewhentheybegintomakesubjectchoicesandwhen,accordingtoacareersofficer,theyknowifthey'reascientificlotormoreinclinedtothearts.Thedifficultpartisbringingtheoutsideworldtolifewithallitsopportunitiesandrealities.Schoolsarehandicappedbecausetheyarestaffedbypeoplewhoonlyknowaboutschools.Careersservicesareheavilyinfluencedbywhatisreadilyavailableinthearea,whichmaybesausage-making(香肠制造)inWiltshireofship-buildinginClydeside.Somewhereoutintheworldtherearesnail(蜗牛)geneticists(遗传学家)andlandscapegardenersandgirlswhopolishElizabethTaylor'sdiamonds,butthecareersofficerknowslittleofthem.WhatheknowsaboutisengineeringandhairdressingandopportunitiesintheArmy.Itisnotsurprisingthatthisconstantfrictionbetweengrandaspirations(抱负)anduninspiredrealityproducescynicism(玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗)inbothparties.Wherevertheywork,sixteenandseventeen-year-oldscanfindthemselvesusedascheaplabor,pickingthingsupofffloors,fetchingandcarrying.Somearepaidareasonablewagebutitisquitepossibletobepaidonlypocket-money.That'sintheliving-injobslikehotelwork.Thereisasmallbreakthroughofgirlsintotraditionallymalepreserveslikeagriculture,butthatmaybebecauseveryfewboysnowwouldputupwiththelowwages.Mostgirls,despitewomen'sliberation,headstraightforhairdressing,nursingorofficeworkanddreamofbeingsweptofftheirfeetbytheboss.
阅读理解Foxesandfarmershavenevergotonwell.Thesesmalldog-likeanimalshavelongbeenaccusedofkillingfarmanimals.Theyareofficiallyclassifiedasharmfulandfarmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem.Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.Huntingconsistsofpursuingafoxacrossthecountryside,withagroupofspeciallytraineddogs,followedbymenandwomenridinghorses.Whenthedogseventuallycatchthefoxtheykillitorahuntershootsit.Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport;theywearaspecialuniformofredcoatsandwhitetrousers,andfollowstrictcodesofbehavior.Butowningahorseandhuntingregularlyisexpensive,somosthuntersarewealthy.Itisestimatedthatupto100,000peoplewatchortakepartinfoxhunting.Butoverthelastcoupleofdecadesthenumberofpeopleopposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(残酷的),hasrisensharply.Nowadaysitisrareforahunttopassoffwithoutsomekindofconfrontationbetweenhuntersandhuntsaboteurs(阻拦者).Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox'ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.Noisyconfrontationsbetweenhuntersandsaboteurshavebecomesocommonthattheyarealmostasmuchapartofhuntingasthepursuitoffoxesitself.Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.ALaborPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlaw,whichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.
阅读理解阅读下面的文章，回答问题我共明月拜苍柏①韩愈墓前有两株柏树，这柏树历千载而不枯，忠实地守望在韩愈墓前，韩愈故里的人说：这两株柏树是韩愈永远鲜亮的双眼，是韩愈济世华章的续集。②夏夜，沐月肃立在已逾千岁的苍柏面前，禁不住一阵阵剧烈的心跳，一潮潮热血奔腾。竞惶惶不知该如何拜谒这风雕雨饰的古色古香，又该怎样洞启珍藏已久的尊崇与虔诚。③月光很透明，也很洁净。皎柔温婉的浸润漫过苍茫，在我身心之上闪出点点生动的风采。我竞别无选择似的，打点起所有情愫，拽住月之魂魄，普照苍柏，普照这活着的古老生命。它是用苍翠葱郁叠砌的华盖，这华盖力撷日月精华，广蓄风雨气势，勇夺云霞神彩，在黄河与太行的交界线上，独布一方成熟的风景。透过月脉，枝蔓间绿雾氤氲，碧烟缭绕，这种高大的垂青和世间的膜拜默契地交融出一份厚厚的倾慕，惹几多向往。苍柏的曲千无疑是一种绝景，在这里，月光总无法围出一个圆满，我急忙接上一段心绪，相牵才能合抱苍柏。瞬间，胸臆里膨胀的全都是惊奇和叹喟，仿佛拥着一个世界般的富有。曲干上苍凉的线条，凝重的色泽及掩映的艰涩和曲折，雄奇和悲壮，不经意间便能想像沧桑，想像一段历史，想像韩愈生命的节操，那种感觉和敬仰也不自觉地淌进暗垂的夜露，悄然浸渗苍柏表里。④明月最能透彻我的心思，总能把最珍贵最有价值的东西奉于我，使我有机会洞彻其全部精华。我挽月深入苍柏，那一道道清晰又真实的年轮线仿佛是一本载着千年演变的历史篇章，又好像一位千岁老人的生平传记，述说的生生死死，沉沉浮浮，曲曲折折，恩恩怨怨，一下子便把我诱入角色，使我不自禁，时而欣喜若狂，时而怆然泪下，时而怅然若失，时而恍然大悟。从那一章章隽永深邃的神韵，一回回迭宕起伏的精彩之中，我始悟世人何以会独钟且神往于此，又何以会为此倾注一代代的热情，去营构繁华，塑遗荣昌，再依月顺着紧咬大地的根系深入，竟是那样辽远，所到之处无不弥漫着浓浓的土香，绵绵的骨香，悠悠的书香。这根系间似乎水远响晃着太行挺拔的节律，永远回荡着黄河激越的浪涛。韩愈身后的浩繁卷帙，已与经过这片热土的焙烧，陈列于此的石器、彩陶并称为三大瑰宝，其光彩闪耀的璀璨和永恒足以让后世一代接一代地骄傲，一代接一代地称颂，一代接一代地享用不尽。⑤与月历过苍柏，四周大地升腾的古香，民间的传说，明明暗暗地香烛，环绕苍柏，凝结出辉煌，锦绣着这脉山水，灿烂着这方风情。此时，月依然痴痴朗照，我依然呆呆肃立。离窍的灵魂仿佛仍在追随中神会，迟迟不肯附体。片刻，欲待收拾心旌，又忽发钦敬之幽情，遗憾未备香烛。只好借月之清辉沫浴身心，偷月之光亮点燃血色。双手顶礼倒首叩响这参天的“丰碑”。我，韩愈故乡的晚生，从这叩拜的一声声回音里收获了一个丰盈、熟透的人生!
阅读理解阅读曹操《短歌行》一诗：对酒当歌，人生几何?譬如朝露，去日苦多。慨当以慷，忧思难忘。何以解忧?唯有杜康。青青子衿，悠悠我心。但为君故，沉吟至今。呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。明明如月，何时可掇?忧从中来，不可断绝。越陌度阡，枉用相存。契阔谈宴，心念旧恩。月明星稀，鸟鹊南飞，绕树三匝，何枝可依?山不厌高，水不厌深。周公吐哺，天下归心。请回答：