The EU was created in the aftermath of the Second World War. The first steps were to foster economic cooperation: the idea______that countries that trade with one another become economically interdependent and so more likely to avoid conflict.

How to Learn Language Successfully 【B1】______They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them. 【B2】______They do not depend on the book or the teacher: they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes. 【B3】______Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language: they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things: they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every world. 【B4】______They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it. 【B5】______If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently , actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above. Questions 61—65Complete the passage with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use.A. First of all, successful language learners are independent learners.B. Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose.C. Successful language learning is active learning.D. Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages.E. Active language learners seize every opportunity to use the target language.F. What kind of language learner are you?G. Successful language learners derive conclusions from clues.

Will Russia change the clock to winter time this autumn?

What is it that comes four times in every week, two times in every month but only once in a year?

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There are cockroaches(蟑螂)everywhere on Earth except the places that are covered with ice. Scientists have discovered about 3 ,500 different species of cockroach. There is just one human species! Cockroaches can be anything in size from about five mm to nine cm. Although five mm is very small, nine cm is as long as a large rat. It is very difficult to catch most cockroaches. They "see" with the hairs on their bodies. These hairs can feel the smallest movement in the air, so the cockroaches know immediately something moves, and run to safety. Of all the species of cockroach, fortunately only three live among humans and are a serious problem. They are the German, the Oriental, and the American. One egg case of the German cockroach can produce as many as seven million cockroaches in 12 months! Our main problem with cockroaches is that not only do they look ugly to us, but they also carry diseases. They are particularly dangerous in hospitals as they eat all kinds of hospital waste or get it on their bodies. They can then carry this waste, which may contain dangerous bacteria, on to food which is then eaten by people in the hospital. Most of the bacteria that cause food poisoning have been found in the stomachs of cockroaches, so it is important that cockroaches should be kept out of restaurants and other places where food is prepared. Many people work and try to destroy cockroaches, but as soon as they find one way of doing it, the cockroaches "learn" how to deal with it. Electricity does not always kill them and they can a-void most poisons or "learn" how to deal with others. At one time, scientists thought that radiation would kill them, but they have been on Earth for about 300 million years, and it does not harm them as much as it does us. It seems probable that when there are no longer human beings living on the Earth, cockroaches will still be here. Questions 66—70 Answer the following questions according to the passage.

Independence Day is______celebrating the Declaration of Independence adopted______July 4, 1776 in the United States.

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Which kind of transport is the man suggesting that the woman takes?

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Ifideascansymbolizethespiritofanage,thenthesymboloftherecentappliedlinguisticageisundoubtedly"languageacquisition".Butwhatdoesthistermmean?Whatexactlyis"languageacquisition"?Forthemomentwemaycharacterizeitastheprocessbywhichindividuals"pickup"alanguagethroughexposuretoit.Therearetwoimmediatelyobvioussortsoflanguageacquisition.ThefirstisL1(firstlanguage)acquisition,whicheverynormalchildmanagesatanearlyage.ThesecondisFL(foreignlanguage)acquisitionwheresomeone,achildoranadult,picksupalanguage,forexample,whiletheyarelivinginatargetlanguagecountry.Chomsky'sideasstimulatedtheinterestinL1(and,indirectly,FL)acquisitionthattherehasbeenoverthepastfewdecades.Forhim,L1acquisitionisaconundrum,evenamiracle.Thebigquestionis:howisitthattheveryyoungchild,sopoorlydevelopedinmanyareas,isabletolearntherudimentsoftheirnativelanguagesoquicklyandsosuccessfully?Chomsky'sanswerwasthattheindividualhasamachineinthehead,anLAD(LanguageAcquisitionDevice),thatdoesthejobforthem.Thewords"quicklyandsuccessfully"holdthekeytooneofthemainreasonswhyappliedlinguistsareinterestedintheacquisitionidea.Inanimportantarticlethatappearedin1968,NewmarkandReibelmakethepointthatL1acquisitionisthequickestandmostsuccessfulinstanceoflanguagemasterythatweknowof.Sincethisisso,wemightdowelltostudyinsomedetailwhatisknownabouttheL1acquisitionsituation.Whatdoesthechilddothatmakesacquisitionsoquickandsuccessful?Howdotheadultswhotalktothechildbehave?Whatassistancedotheygivetotheacquisitionprocess?Whataretheimportantaspectsoftheacquisitionenvironment?Noticethatthoughoneofthesequestionsisaboutthe"organism",theothersareaboutthe"environment".ThisindicatesthatwearepreparedtoconsideraroleforthelatterbeyondthatsuggestedbyChomsky.TheappliedlinguistStephenKrashenisoneofthoselargelyresponsibleforinterestinforeignlanguageacquisition.InfacthearguesthattherearetwoquitedistinctwaysofmasteringanFL,andhecallstheseacquisitionsandlearning.Acquisitionfirst:hedescribesthisprocessasa"natural",subconsciousone,wherethereisno"consciousfocusingonlinguisticforms"(ofthesortthatyoufindinmostclassrooms).Itiswhatwehavealreadyinformallycalledtheprocessof"pickingup"alanguage,justasyoudoifyougoandliveinthetargetlanguageenvironment.IndeedKrashensaysthattheminimalconditionforacquisitiontooccuris"participationinnaturalcommunicationsituations".Learning,ontheotherhand,isaconsciousprocess,anditusuallytakesplaceinthelanguageclassroom.ForKrashenitisparticularlymarkedbytwocharacteristics.Firstly,thereiserrorcorrection.Whenlearnersmakemistakes,itisnormalfortheclassroomteachertodrawexplicitattentiontothem,andtocorrecttheerrors.ThesecondcharacteristiciswhatKrashencallsruleisolation.Inthelanguageteachingclassroomitisnormalforalesson(orpartthereof)tofocusononelanguagepoint.Itmaybeagrammaticalitemlikeaparticulartense,orapronunciationpoint,orsome"ruleofuse".Thewordisolationindicatesthatinthisprocedurelanguagepointsaredealtwithonebyone.Questions66to70Answerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

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We must make______for his action, because he is too young.

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Whichnumbershouldreplacethequestionmark?

If suitable texts are______they may have to be scripted and recorded by the teacher, which ______the ease of preparation.