单选题 In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, read the five questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.{{B}}Conversation One{{/B}}

单选题{{B}}SectionC{{/B}}Thissectionconsistsofonepassagefollowedbyfivequestions.Readthepassagecarefully,andthenanswereachofthequestionsinamaximumof10words.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.BiologicalPestControlBiologicalcontrolis,generally,human'suseofaspeciallychosenlivingorganismtocontrolaparticularpest.Thischosenorganismmightbeapredator,parasite,ordiseasewhichwillattacktheharmfulinsect.Itisaformofmanipulatingnaturetoincreaseadesiredeffect.AcompleteBiologicalControlprogrammayrangefromchoosingapesticidewhichwillbeleastharmfultobeneficialinsects,toraisingandreleasingoneinsecttohaveitattackanother,almostlikea"livinginsecticide".BiologicalcontrolmethodscanbeusedaspartofanoverallIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)programtoreducethelegal,environmental,andpublicsafetyhazardsofchemicals.Inaddition,itmaybeamoreeconomicalalternativetosomeinsecticides.Somebiologicalcontrolmeasurescanactuallypreventeconomicdamagetoagriculturalcrops.Unlikemostinsecticides,biologicalcontrolsareoftenveryspecificforaparticularpest.Otherhelpfulinsects,animals,orpeoplecangocompletelyunaffectedordisturbedbytheiruse.Thereislessdangerofimpactontheenvironmentandwaterquality.Biologicalcontroltakesmoreintensivemanagementandplanning.Itcantakemoretime,requiremorerecordkeeping,morepatience,andsometimesmoreeducationortraining.Successfuluseofbiologicalcontrolrequiresagreaterunderstandingofthebiologyofboththepestanditsenemies.Manynaturalenemiesareverysusceptibletopesticides,andusingthemsuccessfullyinanIPMprogramtakesgreatcare.Insomecases,biologicalcontrolmaybemorecostlythanpesticides.Often,theresultsofusingbiologicalcontrolarenotasdramaticorquickastheresultsofpesticideuse.Mostnaturalenemiesattackonlyspecifictypesofinsects--unlikebroad-spectruminsecticides,whichmaykillawiderangeofinsects.Thoughoftenanadvantage,thiscanalsobeadisadvantage.Biologicalcontrolusesnaturallyoccurringpredators,parasitesanddiseasestocontrolpests.Therearethreemainwaystousethesenaturalenemiesagainstunwantedinsectpestpopulations.ClassicalBiologicalControl(importation)involvestravelingtothecountryorareafromwhichanewlyintroducedpestoriginatedandreturningwithsomeofthenaturalenemiesthatattackeditandkeptitfrombeingapestthere.Newpestsareconstantlyarrivingaccidentallyorintentionally.Sometimestheysurvive.Whentheycome,theirenemiesareleftbehind.Iftheybecomeapest,introducingsomeoftheirnaturalenemiescanbeanimportantwaytoreducetheamountofharmtheycando.Augmentationisamethodofincreasingthepopulationofanaturalenemywhichattacksapest.Thiscanbedonebymassproducingapestinalaboratoryandreleasingitintothefieldatthepropertime.Anothermethodofaugmentationisbreedingabetternaturalenemywhichcanattackorfinditspreymoreeffectively.Massrearingscanbereleasedatspecialtimeswhenthepestismostsusceptibleandnaturalenemiesarenotyetpresent,ortheycanbereleasedinsuchlargenumbersthatfewpestsgountouchedbytheirenemies.Theaugmentationmethodreliesuponcontinualhumanmanagementanddoesnotprovideapermanentsolutionunliketheimportationorconservationapproachesmay.Conservationofnaturalenemiesisanimportantpartinanybiologicalcontroleffort.Thisinvolvesidentifyinganyfactorsthatlimittheeffectivenessofaparticularnaturalenemyandchangingthemtohelpthebeneficialspecies.Conservationofnaturalenemiesinvolveseitherreducingfactorswhichinterferewiththenaturalenemiesorprovidingneededresourcesthathelpnaturalenemies.Inadditiontotheintroductionofpredators,severalmicrobialpathogensareeffectiveagainstnematodes.Theyconsistofamicroorganism(e.g.abacterium,fungus,virusorprotozoan)astheactiveingredient.Theycancontrolmanydifferentkindsofpests,althougheachseparateactiveingredientisrelativelyspecificforitstargetpest(s).Forexample,therearefungithatcontrolcertainweeds,andotherfungithatkillspecificinsects.ThemostwidelyusedmicrobialpesticidesaresubspeciesandstrainsofBacillusthuringiensis,orBT.Eachstrainofthisbacteriumproducesadifferentmixofproteins,andspecificallykillsoneorafewrelatedspeciesofinsectlarvae.WhilesomeBTscontrolmothlarvaefoundonplants,otherBTsarespecificforlarvaeoffliesandmosquitoes.ThetargetinsectspeciesaredeterminedbywhethertheparticularBTproducesaproteinthatcanbindtoalarvalgutreceptor,therebycausingtheinsectlarvaetostarve.Questions:

单选题Conversation One

单选题Whatistheminimumnumberofmatchesyoucanremovefromthisdiagramtoleavejust2squares?

单选题The ability to zoom ______ is particularly useful when you are working on detailed diagrams. A. out B. in C. on D. up

单选题

单选题______ the interview in Boston lasted so long, I missed my connecting flight to New York.

单选题—So ______? —Well, she examined me. She put a thermometer in my mouth and took my temperature. She said it was normal. A. how did the teacher react B. what did the doctor do C. why did she examine you D. did she listen to you

单选题{{B}}Section A{{/B}} Directions: In this section, you will hear 6 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer.

单选题What office is the student looking for?

单选题Richard came home at midnight, ______ which time all the guests had left.

单选题A recent survey of problems on health______that outdoor exercise______of great importance to people's health. A. have shown ; are B. are shown ; are C. has shown ; is D. is shown ; is

单选题—We"ve managed to reduce the energy consumption in our factory by about 15 percent in the last two years. —That"s excellent. How have you managed that? —Mainly because we"ve invested in a heat recovery system. We use the exhaust gases from our printing presses to provide energy to heat our dryers. —Most of our power comes from hydro-electric plants. We"re hoping to use even more energy from alternative sources in the future—perhaps even wind power.

单选题With increased taxation and rising prices, Eric is going to ______ on quite a lot of things, such as clothes, records and so on. A. cut off B. cut down C. cut in D. cut across

单选题Which train provides the easiest way to see Mount Fuji?

单选题It ______ Sam who called and didn't leave a message on the answering machine. He said he wanted to get together with us this weekend. A. might have been B. should have been C. ought to be D. ought to have been

单选题Lance returned to cycling and training only five months after he was _____ diagnosed with cancer.

单选题He took away ten papers, but only seven were in his pocket. What had become ______ three? A. of another B. with others C. with the other D. of the other

单选题You don't object ______ late tonight, do you? A. to work B. to working C. work D. working