{{B}}Section A{{/B}} Translate the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Is the glass half-full or half-empty? Depends whether you're an optimist or a pessimist. But those two words are more than casual labels: research has established that (91) {{U}}optimists have a consistent and upbeat way of dealing with adversity and that they are more successful in work, health and life in general than pessimists.{{/U}} Optimists bounce back from trying times, generally with good grace, and see failure as a stepping-stone to success. Any problem tends to be minimised and dealt with later while the rest of life goes on as usual. (92) {{U}}Their upbeat approach, resilience and perseverance makes them ideal for jobs in high- pressure areas where setbacks are part of the territory:{{/U}} sales, brokering, public relations, presenting, creative jobs and high burn-out posts. They are often a company's visionaries. Pessimists, however, risk unravelling and sinking into depression when one thread of their life breaks. They are less likely to cope well with setbacks; they give up early or seek excuses. Both types can be identified through optimism profiling, based on the pioneering work of American psychologist Martin Seligman, of the University of Pennsylvania. Various studies, quoted in Seligman's book, Learned Optimism, found that pessimists have twice as many infectious diseases as optimists. (93) {{U}}In hundreds of studies, people with high optimism scores out-performed and out-produced those with low scores, equating in sales terms to 20 to 40 percent greater productivity.{{/U}} More recent research shows optimistic and resilient people's belief that they have control over seemingly uncontrollable events enables specific molecules to be released by the brain that increase stress resilience, reduce anxiety and make for a less vivid emotional memory of stressful events. (94) {{U}}What you think and how you explain good and bad events to yourself is the key to resilience.{{/U}} Heavy pessimism can be moderated. Among the techniques is "thought-stopping", a way of blocking unhelpful rumination--you make an appointment with yourself to worry about it, and the unconscious mind feels relieved of it. And in practice, people generally never get around to the appointment--the need to worry has gone. Another major technique is learning how to dispute one's own critical internal explanations. However, mild pessimism does have its place. (95) {{U}}According to Seligman, the mildly downbeat do well in low-pressure settings on jobs requiring a keen sense of realism:{{/U}} design and safety engineering, contract negotiation, law, statistics, technical writing, quality control, industrial relations management, and technical and cost estimating. Says Seligman: "The company also needs its pessimists; they must make sure grim reality intrudes upon the optimists. The treasurers, the business administrators, the safety engineers--all these need an accurate sense of how much the company can afford, and of danger. "

Y (for Yes) if the statement agrees with the info mation given in the passage; N (for No) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage. Which Airport? The choice of where to fly from has never been greater, particularly for those flying on a package holiday. For each port, we looked at the facilities (e. g. restaurants, waiting areas, etc.) offered before going through passport control (land-side) and after going through passport control (airside). Heathrow 4 The cheek-in hall is spacious and modern. There are few land-side shops but the essentials are available. A oaf6 with pine seating and a medium range of hot dishes and salads is situated upstairs. There are more facilities air-side. The shops are clustered into the central part of the 500-metre long hall, and expensive ranges are well represented. There's plenty of natural light from the windows that overlook the runway and lots of seating away from the shopping area. Manchester 2 The check-in hall has a high glass roof which lets in natural light. The caf6 is at one end and slightly separated from the rest of the facilities, which makes it much more pleasant. There's also an up-market coffee shop. Hundreds of seats-little used when we visited despite the passengers crowded below-are available upstairs. The departure lounge is bright and has plenty of space, and the cafeteria is pleasant. Stansted Passengers can walk in a straight line from the entrance, through the check-in to the monorail that takes them to their plane. Land-side. There's cluster of fast food outlets that sell baked potatoes, American burgers and filled rolls. All seating is in the same area away from the check-in and shops. There're a surprisingly small number of shops considering Stansted's claims to be a major London airport, although basic stores like a chemist and bookshop are here. The large departure lounge has blue seats and grey carpet. There's a large tax-free and luxury goods shopping area and a care. Heathrow 2 Avoid traveling from here if you can. The check-in area is unpleasant with a claustrophobic low roof and scores of pillars. The upstairs care is noisy because it is next to the music shop. The departure lounge is also too small with illuminated advertisements hanging from its low ceiling. Manchester 1 The large, low check-in hall is the least impressive part of the terminal. Beyond that is a pleasant shopping mall with a wide range of shops and snack bars. The self-service eating area has a good range of foods from steak and chips to salads. There is also a more formal restaurant mostly used for business lunches. The departure lounge is large and bright. Edinburgh The eating options range from a coffee shop to a self-service restaurant and a reasonable variety of shops are scattered around the land-side area rather than being collected in one area. The air-side food arrangements are mainly limited to rolls and buns. East Midlands The check-in area is in a long, low building where the roof is supported by a forest of pillars which interrupt the line of vision. There is a care and bar upstairs along with a pizza restaurant during the summer. The main eating area is downstairs and mainly serves sandwiches and cakes along with a hot dish of the day. The departure lounge is pleasant with natural light and plenty of dark blue seats. The Sherwood Lounge has easy chairs and sofas and is aimed at commercial travelers. Cardiff The facilities are simple and the decoration is showing its age. Shopping is extremely limited with only bare essentials available. There are no books or magazines for sale. The restaurant is unappealing. The tiny departure lounge is dark and uninviting. Statements:

{{B}}Section A{{/B}} Translate the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. A few years ago, I took a sightseeing trip to Washington DC. I saw many of our nation's treasures, and I also saw a lot of our fellow citizens on the street--unfortunate ones, like panhandlers and homeless folks. Standing outside the Ronald Reagan Center, I heard a voice say, "Can you help me?" When I turned around, I saw an elderly blind woman with her hand extended. (81){{U}}In a reflex action, I reached into my pocket, pulled out all of my loose change and placed it in her hand without even looking at her.{{/U}} I was annoyed at being bothered by a beggar. The blind woman smiled and said, "I don't want your money. I just need help finding the post office. " In an instant, I realized what I had done. (82) {{U}}I had acted with prejudice--I judged another person simply for what I assumed she had to be.{{/U}} I hated what I saw in myself. This incident re-awakened my core belief. It reaffirmed that I believe in humility, even though I'd lost it for a moment. The thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am an immigrant. I left Honduras and arrived in the US at the age of 15. I started my new life with two suitcases, my brother and sister, and a strong, no-nonsense mother. Through the years, I have been a dishwasher, roofer, cashier, mechanic, pizza delivery driver and many other humble jobs, and eventually I became a network engineer. In my own life, I have experienced many open acts of prejudice. I remember the time, when I was 17 and working as a busboy, (83) {{U}}I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do well in school, he would end up like me.{{/U}} (84) {{U}}I have also witnessed the same behavior to my family and friends, so I know what it's like, and I should have known better.{{/U}} (85) {{U}}But now, living in my American middle-class lifestyle, it is too easy to forget my past, to forget who I am and where I have been, and to lose sight of where I want to be going.{{/U}} That blind woman on the streets of Washington DC, cured me of my self-induced blindness. She reminded me of my belief in humility and to always keep my eyes and heart open. By the way, I helped that lady find the post office, and in writing this essay, I hope to thank her for a priceless lesson.

Directions: In this section, you will hear one long conversation. The conversation will be read only once. At the end of the conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, you must read the four questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer.

In this section, you will hear two interviews. Each interview will be read only once. At the end of each interview, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the five questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre. {{B}}Interview One{{/B}}

Holidaymakers can pitch their own tents wherever they like on the beaches.

{{B}}Section A{{/B}} Translate the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. We are ourselves profoundly changed by our interaction with modem technology. As writer Jerry Mander has pointed out, on each side of the human-machine equation there are adaptations. (81) {{U}}Our machines become ever more lifelike; witness computers and virtual reality. We become more like the machines ; note that repetitive motion disorder is the leading cause of workplace injuries.{{/U}} This adaptive homogenising process to science and technology is now being globalised with few societies able to withstand the reign of science and its technological incarnations. However, in recent years, the zeal of the religion of science has significantly lessened. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the costs of the scientific abstraction and manipulation of nature were far beyond what could have been predicted. Most disturbing is that the scientific-technological onslaught has brought humanity face to face with the first truly global environmental crisis in recorded history. (82) {{U}}Over the last two decades the public, though still worshipping the scientific world-view, has been shocked by the facts about ecological threats to the biosphere that they had not even suspected existed{{/U}}-ozone depletion, the greenhouse effect, acid rain, species extinction, desertification, deforestation. The crisis over science and technology's current unprecedented destruction of nature has put modem society in an historic dilemma. Humanity has become fully dependent on, and deeply addicted to, the scientific world-view and the technological environment. Yet this mode of thought and action is threatening the very viability of life on Earth. (83) {{U}}It is becoming increasingly evident that we cannot ultimately survive with our current science and technology; yet we can't imagine living without it.{{/U}} A common-sense approach to this quandary would be to begin reinventing our science and devolving our technologies in order to preserve the environment and our own survival. (84) {{U}}For many years there has been a small but persistent movement urging the adoption of a "new" ecological scientific approach and the substitution of sustainable or " appropriate" technologies for the megatechnologies which are so devastating to nature.{{/U}} However, while ecological science continues to make some inroads, neither it nor appropriate technology has received mass support among the world's policy makers. For most, remaking our technological infrastructure appears too great a task and unprofitable for the current corporate system. (85) {{U}}Further, ecological sensitivity and the appropriate technology movement go directly counter to the scientific world-view and its technological fantasies of finally conquering nature and breaking all limitations on human activity.{{/U}}

Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short pieces of news from BBC or VOA. After each news item and question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Few words are more commonly used in our modern world than the word modern itself. The modernity of manufactured articles, of institutions, of attitudes, of works of art is constantly brought to our attention. We ourselves may well be judged by whether we are modern or not; indeed, many people go to considerable lengths to make quite certain that they will be accepted as modern-modern in their dress, their behavior, their beliefs. And yet, we may ask, must earlier generations not have felt precisely the same? Surely men throughout history must have recognized themselves as modern. Surely innovators like Julius Caesar, Peter the Great or Oliver Cromwell saw themselves as breaking with the past, as establishing a new order. Must they not also have shared our awareness of the significance of what is modern? What is modern is distinct from what belongs to the past and men in earlier times must have experienced this sense of distinctiveness. People cannot escape, and never have been able to escape, an awareness of change. Reflection will tell us that our awareness of change, our sense of distinctiveness, is very different from that of our predecessors. Change for us is more, much more, than the change brought about by the passing of time, by important events or by the actions of outstanding individuals or groups of people. We make use of change and are ourselves a part of a process of change. Change for us has become modernization and modernization implies both direction and consciousness. Change is something we seek, something we attempt to control and something that has no end. Our "modern" consciousness of change and this desire to direct change began with the Industrial Revolution. The term revolution is usually applied to a historical event that causes a major change in thought, life styles, and identity. We can normally speak of a time before the revolution and a time after the revolution. But the Industrial Revolution, although it had a beginning, has never come to an end. It is a process not yet stopped. It is a process which affects more and more people in more and more ways. We may argue that it is a process directed by humans. The whole process is, as yet, beyond control of any particular individual or group. We can decide the direction of modernization to some extent but we cannot decide to halt it. This has led to a disturbing situation. What we boast of as modern or up to date today, will be oldfashioned or out of date tomorrow. The noisy insistence that something is modern often conceals fear of the knowledge that it will inevitably soon be superseded. Again, the very fact that modernization has one direction only and involves every member of society permits only two attitudes: acceptance or rejection. The desire to change or modify the world we live in implies acceptance, since the world is a world of change. Rejection of modernization may, therefore, lead to a sense of the world as unreal and meaningless, and this, in turn, to a breakdown, either individual or social.

{{B}}Section A{{/B}} Directions: In this section, you will hear 6 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer.

Althoughhardstatisticsaredifficulttocomeby,thereissubstantialanecdotalevidencethatuseofperformance-enhancingdrugs,ordoping,isrampantinprofessionalsports.Ofperhapsgreatersignificancetosocietyaretheestimated1.5millionamateurathleteswhousesteroids,eithertoimprovetheirappearanceortoemulatetheperformanceoftheirfavoriteprofessionalathletes.Thischemicalepidemicisaperniciousthreattoboththenation'shealthandourcollectivesenseof"fairplay".Nonprescriptionanabolicsteroids(合成代谢类固醇)havebeenillegalintheUnitedStatessince1991,andmostprofessionalsportsleagueshavebannedthemsince1980s.Thesebansarepartyamatteroffairness—atalentedathletetrainedtothepeakofherabilitysimplycannotcompetewithanequivalentathleteusingsteroids—butalsobasedonissuesofhealth.Anabolicandrogenicsteroidshavebeenlinkedtoliverdamage,kidneytumors,highbloodpressure,balding,andache.Theyfunctionbyincreasingthebody'sleveloftestosterone,theprimarymalesexhormone.Inmen,thisdramaticincreaseintestosteronecanleadtotheshrinkingoftesticles,infertility,andthedevelopmentofbreasts;inwomen,itcanleadtothegrowthoffacialhairandpermanentdamagetothereproductivesystem.Steroidshavealsobeenlinkedtoarangeofpsychologicalproblems,includingdepressionandpsychoticrage.Thepunishmentsforgettingcaughtusingsteroidsaresevere,andtheserioushealthconsequencesarewelldocumented.Despitethis,millionsofprofessionalandamateurathletescontinuetouseperformance-enhancingdrugs.Whyisthis?Oneclearpatternisthatmanyathleteswilldowhateverittakestogetanedgeonthecompetition.Sincethe1950s,OlympicathleteshaveplayedacatandmousegamewithOlympicCommitteeofficialstogetawaywithdoping,becausethedrugsreallydowork.Athleteswhodopearesimplystrongerandfasterthantheircompetitorswhoplayfair.Professionalathletesinfootballandbaseballhavefoundthatsteroidsandhumangrowthhormonecangivethemtheedgetoscorethatextratouchdownorhomerun,andinthemodernsportsmarket,thoseresultscantranslateintomillionsofdollarsinsalary.Forthemillionsoflesstalentedathletesingymsandplayingfieldsacrossthecountry,drugsseemliketheonlywaytoapproachtheabilitiesoftheirheroesinprofessionalsports.Theotherclearpattern,unfortunately,isthatithasbeenalltooeasyforabuserstogetawaywithit.Steroidabuseisoftenregardedasa"victimlesscrime."Oneofthefavoredwaystotrickthetestersistouse"designer"steroids.Therearethousandsofpermutationsoftestosterone,suchasTHG,thatcanbeproducedinalab.Chemistshavediscoveredthattheycancreatenewdrugsthatproduceandrogeniceffectsbutdonotsetoffthestandarddopingtests.Othermethodshavebeentousethesteroidsbutstopafewweeksbeforetesting,touseotherchemicalstomaskthetracesofsteroids,ortoswitchina"clean"sampleofurineatthetestingsite.Otherathletessteroidprecursors,suchasandrostenedione(雄浠二酮),thathaveandrogeniceffectssimilartothoseofsteroidsbutarenotillegalbecausetheyarenottechnicallysteroids.Thesadfactisthatunlessthegovernmentandprofessionalsportsorganizationsarewillingtogettoughsteroidproblem,theuseofperformance-enhancingdrugsinsportsisnotgoingtoend.

{{B}}Section A{{/B}} In this section, you will hear 6 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

What does the writer say today's political art provides?

Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short news items. After each item, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer.

{{B}}Interview Two{{/B}}

Itiswellknownthatsomeculturesprefersonstodaughters.Incontrast,surveyshaverevealedthatsomepeoplewouldratherhaveadaughterthanason.Apparently,eachofthesepreferenceshasitsexplanationinthelocalculture.Aroundtheworld,peoplewhoprefersonshavesimilarreasons.Inmanycountries,sonsarevaluedbecausetheycanworkandcontributetothefamilyincome.Also,sonswillbeabletosupporttheirparentswhentheparentsareold.Insomecultures,sonsareimportantalsobecausetheyenablethefamilynametocontinueforanothergeneration.Thisisbecausethewifeintheseculturestakesherhusband'sfamilyname,andmoreorless"belongs"tothehusband'sfamily.Inaddition,havingadaughtercansometimescausedifficultyforafamily.InIndia,forexample,havingadaughtercanbeaburdenbecausethefamilyhastopayadowrywhenthegirlgetsmarried.Generally,peoplethinktraditionalculturesaretheonesinwhichboysarepreferred.Researchseemstosupportthisbelief.However,accordingtoasurveyconductedin2000,peopleintheCzechHepubhc,Lithuania,Portugal,andtheCaribbeanprefertohavedaughters.Theresearcherssaidthatparentsinthesesocietiesdonothavethesameeconomicsituationthatexistsinothercountries,sotheydonotneedtohaveasontohelpmakemoney.Instead,familiesinthesecountrieswantdaughtersforemotionalreasons.Manymothersthinktheywillhaveabetterrelationshipwithadaughterthanason,forexample.Inaddition,theythinkdaughterswilltakebettercareofthemwhentheyareold.InJapan,asimilartrendhasemerged.Thismightcomeasasurprisetosome,becauseonlyonegenerationago,theJapanesefavoredsons.In1982,overhalfofJapanesecouplessurveyedwouldwantaboyiftheycouldhaveonlyonechild.Asurveydonein1997,ontheotherhand,foundthat75percentwantedagirl!SomeJapanesecouplessaytheywanttohavedaughtersbecausetheythinkdaughtersarecuterandeasiertoraise.Japanesecouplesalsoworryaboutbeingtakencareofwhentheyareold.Iftheyhavetolivewiththeirchildrenwhentheyareveryold,manyJapaneseparentswouldwanttolivewithadaughter."Ason'swifewouldbelikeastrangerandhardertoaskforhelp,"oneJapanesemothersaid.Criticswarnthatpreferenceforadaughterisjustasbadaspreferenceforason."Insteadofvaluingchildrenforthesocialrolestheyareexpectedtofill,parentsmustlearntovaluechildrenasindividuals,"criticssay.Whenthatisthecase,parentswillbeequallypleasedwithasonordaughter.

Theendoffinancialyearisapproachingand,withit,theAGM,whenwewillhavetogiveanaccountoftheyear'sproceedingtoourshareholders.Asusualatthistimeofyear,Iamsendingacopyofthisinformalend-of-the-yearreporttoallmembersofthesalesforce.Ihopethatyouwillallfinditusefulandthatyouwillletmeknowifyouhaveanycomments.Ivalueyourinput.Westartedthisyearwithamajornewproductandwereallyhitthegroundrunning.Oursalesforthefirstquarteroftheyearwereveryimpressiveand,indeed,brokeallrecords.(74)Thiswasparticularlyhearteningasthisoccurredatatimewhenmanyofourcompetitorswerefeelingthepinch.Indeed,therewastalkamongeconomicexpertsofanimpendingrecessionandevenofeconomicmeltdown.Fortunately,thisgloomanddoomdidnotmaterialize.Itwasgoodthatwewereabletobuckthetrend,butasIsaid,wehadamajornewproductandone,indeed,thatispopularlybelievedtohavebrokenthemouldofkitchenequipment.Therefore,itwouldhavebeenextremelysurprising,nottosaydistressing,ifwehadnotachievedsubstantialsaleswithit.Whatisratherdistressingisthattherestoftheyeardidnotliveuptothepromiseofthefirstquarter,thisdespitethefactthatthefinancialstateofthecountryimprovedinthecourseoftheyear.(75)Tosomeextent,ofcourse,itwouldnothavebeenrealistictoexpectthatpeaklevelsalescouldbesustainedthroughouttheyear.Somefalling-offwasworsethanhadbeenanticipated.Thisgaveusallfoodforthoughtand,fortunately,wewereabletolearnfromtheexperience.Indeed,Ithinkweshouldregardtheintroductionofthenewproductasausefullearningcurvefromwhichalldepartmentshavebenefited.Thewholeprogrammeofproductlaunchinghasbeenassessedandrevisedwhereappropriate.Weshallallbebetterpreparednexttime.Onthewhole,thiswasasuccessfulyearandwehopetobuildonthatsuccessinthecomingyear.Thankyouallforyourcontributiontothissuccess.Getreadytodoevenbetternextyear!Y(forYES)ffthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNo)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage.

In this section, you will hear two interviews. Each interview will be read only once. At the end of each interview, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre. {{B}}Interview One{{/B}}