填空题You are given a series of numbers. Your task is to see how they form a relationship with each other. You have to choose the number that would go next in the series. 1, 3, 6, 10

填空题Thefirstsmallcamerawasmventedin1685,butitwasjustacamera.Itwasalongtimebeforepeoplefiguredouthowtomaketherightkindofpaperforphotographs.Modemphotography,asweknowit,reallycameintobeinginthe19thcentury,aroundtheyear1865,tobeexact.Inthelate1800sandearly1900s,photographyreallytookoff.Severaltypesofcameraswereinventedduringthetime,andphotographersalsocameupwithnewandbetterwaystotakepictures.Photographybecameaformofart.Althoughmostpeoplethinkphotographsshowrealthings,photographyalsochangedpeople'sideasaboutmodernart.Modernartdevelopedinthelate19thcentury,aroundthetimeoftheinventionofphotographs.Modernartwasdifferentfromotherkindsofartbecausemodemartpaintingsdidnottrytoshow"realistic"pictures.Forexample,artistsofmodernartoftenproducedpaintingsthatlookeddifferentfromarealpicture.Photographywasperfectforproducingmodemart.Forexample,aphotographercouldfocusonthesubjectofapictureandmakeitlookveryclear,whileotherpartsofthepicturewerenotinfocusandthereforelookedfuzzy.Inthisway,photographerscouldmakepictureslooklessrealistic.Wearenowlivinginthetimeofpostmodernart.Postmodernartdevelopedinthelate1950sandhasallowedforfurtherchangesintheworldofart.Inthecaseofphotography,computershavechangedalotaboutthewaythatphotographsaremadeandviewed.Forexample,aphotographercannowtakeprogramusingadigitalcamera.Thesepicturescanbesavedonacomputerandchangedusingacomputerprogram.Inthisway,thephotographercanchangethecolorsandmanyotheraspectsofaphotograph.Forexample,thephotographercanchangeallofthecolorsinaphotographtolightordarkred,orheorshecanmakephotographsdarkerorlighter.Thesekindsoftreatmentcancreateinterestingeffects.Computersarealsochangingthewaypeoplesharephotographs.Inthepast,aphotographerhadtoputhisphotosinabook,calledanalbum,toshowhisphotographstolotsofpeople.Now,withtheInternet,photographerscansharetheirphotographswiththousandsofpeoplequicklyandeasily!Thismeansthateventeenagerscancreateinterestingphotographsasakindofarttosharewithpeoplearoundtheworld.

填空题Coffeeismadefromthebeansthatgrowinthefruitofthecoffeeplant.Thereareusu1twobeansineachpodoffruitandharvestingisdonebyhand.Theword"coffee"derivesfromtheArabic"qahwah",awordwhichwas2ori2usedtodescribewine,butwhichcame3meancoffee.Coffeebeansusedtobechewedbeforeitwasdiscoveredthattheycould4(boil)withwatertomakeadrink.CoffeedrinkingbeganinArabcountriesinthe14thcenturyanddidnotbecomecommoninEuropeuntilthe17thcentury.Atfirst,coffeewassoldbychemists,butitmadelittleim5untilthefirstcoffeeshopopenedandinstructionsabout6toroastandgrindcoffeewerepublished.InLondon,thefirstcoffeehouses-places7.peoplemet,drankcoffeeandtalked-openedin1652.In1657theKingtriedtoclosethesecoffeehousesbecausetheywerereportedtodisturb"thepeaceandquietofthenation".Theydidindeedhaveagreatin8onpoliticalandcommerciallife.Severalmodernbanksandother9(finance)institutionshavetheiroriginsinthesecoffeehouses.Bytheendofthe19thCentury,thedem10forcoffeehadgrownandtherewereagreatmanyplantationsintropicalAfrica.Today,theworld"slargestproducersareBrazil,ColombiaandtheIvoryCoast.

填空题How much money do you leave the waiter or waitress in a restaurant? What about taxi drivers, hotel staff and hairdressers? Tipping is complex, but even more so when you're abroad. The problem is that every country seems to have its own unofficial "rules". In Australia, for example, tipping isn't common at all, and they aren't really expected in restaurants.., or anywhere else as a matter of fact. It's the same in Iceland and China. And in Japan, it can actually be considered rude to tip in a restaurant. In fact, if you leave money a waiter might even chase you to give it back. In most of Europe, tipping a waiter is fairly common. However, amounts vary from country to country. In England, for example, most people tip around 10% of the bill. But in Spain people generally only leave small change. However, if there's one country where you really should tip, it's the United States. In stark contrast to japan, a waiter will probably chase you down the street if you don't leave a tip! Not only that, but Americans usually tip up to a hefty 20% in restaurants. So, if you're saving up for a big dinner in the US, make sure you take that into account. Americans also tip for drinks. In fact, there are some bars in New York where staff earn such big money from tips that they receive no wages. Some people even pay to work there! But it isn't only in bars and restaurants where you're supposed to tip. Here's some advice from a travel website on how you should tip in an American hotel: ＄3 for the parking attendant, ＄2 for the doorperson if they hail a taxi for you, and ＄1 for each bag they help you with. The bellhop gets ＄2 per bag, and you should leave the maids ＄3 to ＄5 a day. So, for two people for one weekend that's about ＄20 before you've even paid for the room. But why is there so much tipping? Well, in many cases, workers are paid below the minimum wage as they're expected to make up the difference with tips. As a result, a server could earn a decent wage on a good night, or hardly break even on a slow night. Service sector workers are even expected to pay income tax on the tips as they're considered part of their normal wages for the job they do not just "extra" money. So, as you can see, tipping in the US is serious business. There's even a website for celebrity tippers. Stained Apron (www. stainedapron, corn) has information on who's who in the world of tipping. Under the column heading "Scum", you can find a list of the bad tippers. Those on the list include Al Gore, Dan Quayle and Bridget Fonda. And under "Saints" there's a list of the generous tippers, which includes Johnny Depp, Ray Charles, Angelina Jolie and Bill Clinton. But could anyone possibly match the late Kerry Packer (the Australian billionaire)? He was always a generous tipper, but on one occasion he casually asked the waitress serving him how big her mortgage was. The tip he left her paid it off to the last penny. Now that really is "saintly tipping" Of course, make sure you're a billionaire before trying that one!

填空题One of the worst thing you can do as a speaker is to hold your 1 arms stiffly at your side. You need to move your arms in 2 appropriate gestures to emphasise your points. Your gestures 3 should appear spontaneously, not rehearsed. This doesn"t mean 4 that you shouldn"t rehearse it. The point is to make them seem to 5 be spontaneous, fitted the text. Don"t use just your hands or the 6 lower part of your arms. You need to move the whole body with a 7 way that looks natural with the gesture. In addition, you should aware of your body language as 8 you use gestures. Your facial expression should mirror the emotion 9 you might be demonstrating. For example, if you are talking about something frightening and are holding up your arms as if to protect yourself, your face should have a fear expression. 10

填空题{{B}}Section D{{/B}} {{B}}Directions: In this part, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary with the appropriate words from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.{{/B}} Questions 71 - 75 are based on the following passage. What Causes Earthquakes? People have tried to explain the cause of earthquakes since earliest times. Some people thought that quakes were sent from heaven to punish the wicked. Others believed that the earth rested on the backs of animals. We now have more scientific explanations of the cause of these destructive earth tremors. Earthquakes are evidence that some process is at work below the surface of the earth. Large bodies of magma may be in motion. These and other internal movements can result in a sudden release of energy by breaking the overlying, brittle rocks. During earthquakes, rocks beneath the surface are clearly bent and broken. In other cases deformation takes place slowly and without recognizable earthquake shocks. For example, in a drill hole in the Great Valley of California, earth movements have been measured for years. The rocks here are moving at a rote of about one meter per century. In some places pressure slowly builds up until the rocks break and quickly snap back into position. The faulting releases energy that may have built up in the rocks for hundreds or thousands of years. This sudden burst of energy causes vibrations that travel through the rocks. These vibrations are an earthquake. Most earthquakes are so small that they can be detected only by sensitive instruments along the fault surface. However, energy may continue to trickle off in aftershocks. These shocks are much less severe than the main shock and may continue for months after the initial earthquake. Summary: Scientifically speaking, earthquakes are caused when {{U}}(71) {{/U}} movements of the earth suddenly release energy by breaking the overlying rocks on the surface. During earthquake, rocks are clearly bent and broken. Elsewhere, rocks may slowly {{U}}(72) {{/U}} over many years. Then the pressure may increase until the rocks break and snap back. This break {{U}}(73) {{/U}} the energy in the rocks and causes vibrations. Most earthquakes are so small that they can be barely {{U}}(74) {{/U}}, but large violent earthquakes can destroy inhabited areas. Sometimes {{U}}(75) {{/U}} many follow after the first movement.

填空题 In this section, you will hear a short passage. There are 10 missing words or phrases. Fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear on the tape. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. "Christmas is coming, and the goose is getting fat!" Christmas is the biggest festival in Britain and is celebrated on 25th December. The four weeks before Christmas are called Advent, and are traditionally celebrated in churches by lighting a candle each Sunday during this time. Nowadays, many people in Britain are not very {{U}}(21) {{/U}} , but they still celebrate Christmas, and {{U}}(22) {{/U}} —the preparations begin long before Advent. In fact, as early as September or October, you start to see signs that Christmas is {{U}}(23) {{/U}} The first places to tell us that we should be thinking about Christmas are the shops. People in Britain spend {{U}}(24) {{/U}} over ￡ 600 ( around $1,000) per person on Christmas every year, and the shops encourage people to spend more and more. Shops put up Christmas decorations, play cheesy Christmas songs or {{U}}(25) {{/U}}, and some shop workers wear Christmas hats. Some big shops on Regent Street and Oxford Street in London create {{U}}(26) {{/U}} in their windows with moving characters, falling snow, colourful lights and music. So what do people buy {{U}}(27) {{/U}} Christmas? Well, Christmas decorations, Christmas cards to send to friends and relatives, presents for loved ones and wrapping paper to wrap them up with. And of course food ! {{U}}(28) {{/U}} the special Christmas dinner of roast turkey or goose, people buy lots of chocolates, nuts and snacks for everyone to enjoy. Children are the people who get the most excited that Christmas is coming. They start making lists of presents they would like, and give them to their parents, or send them to {{U}}(29) {{/U}} . In December, they can also open Advent calendars, which are a way of counting down to Christmas. These calendars have a window to open for every day from the 1 st to the 24th of December (Christmas Eve). A basic Advent calendar has a Christmassy picture behind each window, but most children's favourite calendars are chocolate Advent calendars, which show a chocolate for every day of the month. It' s a great build-up to the {{U}}(30) {{/U}} that goes on at Christmas!

填空题In this section, you will hear a talk about the happiness of people. The passage will be read only once. For questions 21-30, complete the notes which summarize what the speaker says. You will need to write a word or a short phrase. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. Two types of people the {{U}}{{U}} 1 {{/U}}{{/U}}ones the {{U}}{{U}} 2 {{/U}}{{/U}}ones Reason of the difference to consider things, persons and events in {{U}}{{U}} 3 {{/U}}{{/U}}ways Features focus on {{U}}{{U}} 4 {{/U}}{{/U}}of thingsenjoy {{U}}{{U}} 5 {{/U}}{{/U}}things {{U}}{{U}} 6 {{/U}}{{/U}}pleasure of society{{U}}{{U}} 7 {{/U}}{{/U}}peoplebe {{U}}{{U}} 8 {{/U}}{{/U}}themselves Formation of the unhappiness originally taken up by {{U}}{{U}} 9 {{/U}}{{/U}}, then grows into a(an) {{U}}{{U}} 10 {{/U}}{{/U}}

填空题A. Setting and story B. Title C. Reasons for recommending it D. Director and stars 67. ______ This week, Ana Petrovich reviewed Underground, which has just been released on DVD. 68. ______ Underground was directed by Emir Kusturica. It won the Cannes Palmed"Or Award in 1995 and it remains many people"s favourite film. It stared Miki Manojlovic, Lazar Ristovski and Mirjana Jokovic. The soundtrack was written by Goran Bregovic and it"s the most powerful one I have ever heard. 69. ______ The film is mainly about friendship, love, politics and war. It"s set mostly in Belgrade between 1941 and the 1990s. Marko (Manojlovic) and Blacky (Ristovski) are two friends in love with Natalija (Jokovic). When Belgrade is bombed, Marko and Blacky have a plan: Blacky will produce weapons underground and Marko will sell them. But Marko becomes successful, marries Natalija and doesn"t tell Blacky that the war has ended. For fifty years, Blacky and others continue to live underground They live in a "false" world. But in the end, they discover that it"s a lot safer than the real world outside. 70. ______ It"s a good film to watch because everybody understands it in different ways. It"s entertaining because it"s interesting, funny and sad at the same time.

填空题{{B}}Section D{{/B}} Directions: In this part, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary with the appropriate words from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 71 -75 are based on the following passage. Wine can be made with red grapes or white grapes, and, especially in the case of red wines, a number of medical researchers have reported that a moderate amount of wine has certain health benefits. This may be one of the reasons why the number of people drinking wine has risen over the past years. As new wine shoppers browse the shelves of their local markets, they face a tough decision. Should they buy a wine with a cork or a screw top? And shoppers are not alone in their dilemma. Wineries are also facing tough choices in the best way to seal their products. The root of the problem lies in "cork taint." Cork taint refers to a problem with wine that has been sealed with a bad cork. Traditionally, all corks are made from a special oak tree that grows around the Mediterranean. In the process of making the corks and sealing wine bottles, a certain type of mold may start to grow on some corks. Over time, this mold can produce a chemical that makes the wine inside the bottle taste musty. In fact, the human tongue is so sensitive to this particular compound that people can taste it even diluted up to six parts per trillion! How big is the problem of cork taint? Some experts from the wine industry claim cork taint affects one out of every ten bottles of wine. And as one spokesperson for an American winery says, "No other packaging industry in the world would put up with that kind of failure rate." Some wine makers see a possible solution to the problem of cork taint through adopting the tried and true method of sealing bottles with screw tops. However, many wineries are still playing it safe and sticking to corks for two reasons. First, there is the old belief among cork users that small amounts of oxygen are able to penetrate corks. This oxygen, they say, is necessary for the proper aging of fine wines, especially those aged 10 years or more. Screw tops do not allow for any oxygen to get into the bottles after they are sealed. Another problem arises from the image screw tops have with the public. In most people's minds, screw tops are only found on cheap, low-quality wines. It will take a lot of effort from wineries to re-educate the public if they want to change the image of screw tops. In addition, there is the problem of losing the romantic, elegant mood produced by the ceremonial popping of the cork. Consumers don't seem to feel the same thrill when unscrewing a top. Summary: The wine industry is facing a dilemma. What is the best way to {{U}}(71) {{/U}} wine bottles? Many people think that it is only {{U}}(72) {{/U}} for wine bottles to be sealed with corks. They think that oxygen needs to be able to penetrate the cork. Other experts, however, suggest that wineries change to {{U}}(73) {{/U}}. Using corks can lead to cork taint, a bad taste in the wine caused by {{U}}(74) {{/U}}. However, it is unlikely that the public will accept this solution. They will most likely {{U}}(75) {{/U}} buying wine with corks for the romantic image.

填空题Unravel the logic behind this star and find the missing letter.

填空题Recovery from jetlag can take as long as a day for every time zone crossed. So if you’re flying east-west for your holiday or on business, it is likely to mean a few days of feeling tired or even unwell. Jetlag is the (21) 1 of the body’s natural cycle and some factors make it worse. The artificial atmosphere inside a plane can affect the body in a number of ways and add to the effects of jetlag. Exercising before flights helps to offset the effects on the body of reduced (22) 2, and aerobic exercise afterwards helps to reoxygenate it. Drink plenty of water. Children may need more. Drinking carrot juice before flying overcomes oxygen deficiency. Eat light, frequent meals. Heavy meals (23) 3 the blood , which can lead to dizziness and fainting. For two weeks before you fly, eat plenty of food containing vitamins A and E; they will build up your (24) 4 and help to keep you fit. Sleep as much as you can before the flight and on it. On board, wear earplugs and eye pads because darkness (25) 5 secretion of the hormones that enhance sleep. Avoid alcohol, which restrains the brain’s oxygen intake. Like tea and coffee, alcohol increases the dehydration effect of flying. If you need to drink to relax, (26) 6 that the cabin environment intensifies the effect of alcohol. Wear loose, comfortable, warm clothes and limber up during flight. Sitting down for several hours slows down the (27) 7 ,leading to local stiffness, cramps and dizziness. Re-adjust to local time as soon as you can. Bright light helps the body stay alert, so if you are going somewhere sunny, stay outside. Do not smoke before or during the flight since smoking (28) 8 the blood oxygen level. If you need to calm down your nerves, try aromatherapy oils which have a sedative effect. (29) 9 your doctor before flying if you are on medication. The effects of some drugs are strengthened at high altitudes and some may produce (30) 10 .Recovery from jetlag can take as long as a day for every time zone crossed. So if you’re flying east-west for your holiday or on business, it is likely to mean a few days of feeling tired or even unwell. Jetlag is the (21) 11 of the body’s natural cycle and some factors make it worse. The artificial atmosphere inside a plane can affect the body in a number of ways and add to the effects of jetlag. Exercising before flights helps to offset the effects on the body of reduced (22) 12, and aerobic exercise afterwards helps to reoxygenate it. Drink plenty of water. Children may need more. Drinking carrot juice before flying overcomes oxygen deficiency. Eat light, frequent meals. Heavy meals (23) 13 the blood , which can lead to dizziness and fainting. For two weeks before you fly, eat plenty of food containing vitamins A and E; they will build up your (24) 14 and help to keep you fit. Sleep as much as you can before the flight and on it. On board, wear earplugs and eye pads because darkness (25) 15 secretion of the hormones that enhance sleep. Avoid alcohol, which restrains the brain’s oxygen intake. Like tea and coffee, alcohol increases the dehydration effect of flying. If you need to drink to relax, (26) 16 that the cabin environment intensifies the effect of alcohol. Wear loose, comfortable, warm clothes and limber up during flight. Sitting down for several hours slows down the (27) 17 ,leading to local stiffness, cramps and dizziness. Re-adjust to local time as soon as you can. Bright light helps the body stay alert, so if you are going somewhere sunny, stay outside. Do not smoke before or during the flight since smoking (28) 18 the blood oxygen level. If you need to calm down your nerves, try aromatherapy oils which have a sedative effect. (29) 19 your doctor before flying if you are on medication. The effects of some drugs are strengthened at high altitudes and some may produce (30) 20 .

填空题Thegiantpanda,thecreaturethathasbecomeasymbolofconservation,isfacingextinction.Themajorreasonislossofhabitat,whichhascontinueddespitetheestablishment,since1963,of14pandareserves.Deforestation,mainlycarriedoutbyfarmersclearinglandtomakewayforfieldsastheymovehigherintothemountains,hasdrasticallycontractedthemammal'srange.ThepandahasdisappearedfrommuchofcentralandeasternChina,andisnowrestrictedtotheeasternflankoftheHimalayasinSichuanandCansuprovinces,andtheQinlingMountainsinShaanxiprovince.Fewerthan1,400oftheanimalsarebelievedtoremaininthewild.Satelliteimageryhasshowntheseriousnessofthesituation;almosthaKofthepanda'shabitathasbeendestroyedordegradedsince1975.Worse,thesurvivingpandapopulationhasalsobecomefragmented;acombinationofsatelliteimageryandgroundsurveysrevealspanda"islands"inpatchesofforestseparatedbyclearedland.Thepopulationoftheseislands,rangingfromfewerthantentomorethan50pandas,hasbecomeisolatedbecausetheanimalsareunwillingtocrossopenareas.Justputtingaroadthroughapandahabitatmaybeenoughtosplitapopulationintwo.Theminusculesizeofthepandapopulationsworriesconservationists.Thesmallestgroupshavetoofewanimalstobeviable,andwillinevitablydieout.Thelargerpopulationsmaybeviableintheshortterm,butwillbesusceptibletogeneticdefectsasaresultofinbreeding.Inthesecircumstances,amoretraditionalthreattopandas-thecycleoffloweringandsubsequentwitheringofthebamboothatistheirstaplefood-canbecomeliterallyspecies-threatening.Thefloweringspromptpandastomovefromoneareatoanother,thuspreventinginbreedinginwhatwouldotherwisebesedentarypopulations.Inpandaislands,however,bamboofloweringcouldprovecatastrophicbecausethepandasareunabletoemigrate.Thelatestconservationmanagementplanforthepanda,preparedbyChina'sMinistryofForestryandtheWorldWideFundforNature,aimsprimarilytomaintainpandahabitatsandtoensurethatpopulationsarelinkedwhereverpossible.Theplanwillchangesomeexistingreserveboundaries,establish14newreservesandprotectorreplantcorridorsofforestbetweenpandaislands.Othermeasuresinclude:bettercontrolofpoaching,whichremainsaproblemdespitestrictlaws,aspandaskinsfetchhighprices;reducingthedegradationofhabitatsoutsidereserves;andreforestation.Theplanisambitious.Implementationwillbeexpensive-56.6millionyuan(US＄12.5million)willbeneededforthedevelopmentofthepandareserves-andwillrequireparticipationbyindividualsrangingfromvillagerstogovernmentofficials.SummaryThesurvivalofgiantpandaisbeingseriouslythreatened.Pandanumbershavealreadyseriouslydecreased.Thisislargelybecausetheoverallsizeoftheir(1)hasbeenreduced,andhabitableareasarenowdisconnectedfromeachother.Tworesultsarethatpandasaremore(2)problemsandunabletomovearoundfreelytofollowthegrowthcyclesofthebamboothattheyeat.Anewplanaimsto(3)existingpandahabitatsandtojoinmanyofthemtogether.Thisplanalsoincludesreforestationandthecreationof(4).Tosucceed,everyone,includingboththegovernmentand(5),willhavetocooperate.

填空题Readthefollowingpassageandfillineachblankwithoneword.Choosethecorrectwordinoneofthefollowingthreeways:accordingtothecontext,byusingthecorrectformofthegivenword,orbyusingthegivenlettersoftheword.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.Bycuttingoutthemiddlemanandbookingyourownflights,youcansaveupto40percentofthecostofaholiday.Ifyoucomparethistothepriceofahotelstay,the{{U}}(66){{/U}}(save)canbeevenmoreimpressive.InsomeofthemostexclusiveholidayresortsamongtheMediterranean,hotelsch{{U}}(67){{/U}}afortune.Yetfor{{U}}(68){{/U}}to50percentlessyoucanoftengettonsmorespaceandyourownprivatepadwiththeopportunitytocookupastormandsavecashonexp{{U}}(69){{/U}}hotelmeals.Youhavetobecareful,th{{U}}(70){{/U}}.Therehavebeenhorrorstoriesov{{U}}(71){{/U}}theyearsofpeoplebookingvillasdirectwithowners,onlytoloseeverythingtophonycompaniesorconartists.Ifyoudochoosetogodirect,Iwouldrecommend{{U}}(72){{/U}}(book)withoneofthebiglistingsitesontheInternet{{U}}(73){{/U}}asHoliday-rentals.co.uk.Theyhavedetailsonmorethan122,000pro{{U}}(74){{/U}}worldwide,linkyoudirectlywiththeowner,andhavebeeninbusinessformorethantenyears.But,{{U}}(75){{/U}}theworstdidhappenandyourvillaorownerdidn'tex{{U}}(76){{/U}},theirguaranteewillcoveryouforupto￡3,300.WegotHoliday!Kentalstogiveusthepricesforprivaterentalsinahostoffav{{U}}(77){{/U}}Mediterraneandestinations.Wethen{{U}}(78){{/U}}(comparison)themwithtraditionalhotelholidayratesfortwoadultsandtwochildrenfornextsummerontheExpediawebsite.Bo{{U}}(79){{/U}}thehotelandvillarentalsarebasedonaweek'sholidayfortwoadultsandtwochildrenaged6and13inthep{{U}}(80){{/U}}season,fortheweekofAugust15to22,andthehotelpricesarebasedonthefamilysharingoneroomorsuite.Here'showwegoton...

填空题February 14 is Valentine"s Day. Although it is celebrated as a lovers" holiday today, with rite giving of candy, flowers, or other gifts between couples in love, it originated in 5th Century Rome as a respect 1 St. Valentine, a Catholic bishop. For eight hundred years before the 2 (establish) of Valentine"s Day, the Romans had pr 3 a pagan (异教徒) celebration in mid-February honoring young men"s ceremony of passage to the god Lupercus. The celebration was characterized by lottery in 4 young men would draw the names of teen 5 girls from a box. The girl given to each young man in this way would be his companion the rest of the year. In an effort to do away with such a f 6 , Pope Gelasius ordered a slight change in the lottery. Instead of the names of young women, the box would contain the names of saints. 7 the men and women were allowed to draw from the box, and the game was to imi 8 the ways of the saint they drew during the rest of rite year. However, many young Roman men were not too pleased 9 the copying. Instead of the pagan god Lupercus, the Church looked for a suitable saint of love to take his p 10 . They found an appropriate choice in Valentine, who, in AD 270 had been killed by Enter Claudius.

填空题AnimalIntelligencePetownersknowtheirpetsareabletodoallsortsofincrediblethings.Dogsseemtopickuptheirearswhentheirownersmentionthewordwalk.Catshavemanycreativewaysofremindingtheirownerstofeedthem.Soexactlyhowintelligentareanimals?Scientistsaswellaspetownersareinterestedinthequestionofanimalintelligence.Oneofthemostexcitinginvestigationsonthementalabilitiesofanimalslooksattheirabilitytousetools.Throughobservationofanimalsinthewildandinzoos,animalresearchersknowthatseveralanimalspeciesapparentlyusetools.PerhapsthemostnotableinthiskindistheworkofJaneGodallinMrica.Sheobservedchimpanzeesintheirnativeenvironmentusingsmallstickstocatchtermites.Greatapesinzooshavebeenseentousetools.Scientistshavetrainedcrowstousesmallstickstospearinsectsinthebarkoftrees.Anotheraspectofanimalcognitionissolvingproblems.Somespeciesofbirds,suchasravens,areparticularlyclever.Ravensareabletosolvemanydifferentproblems,suchasuntyingaknottogetatfood.Evenpigeonsandparrotshaveshownanextraordinarycapacitytorecognize,count,ornamedifferentobjects.Inaddition,theabilitytolearnwhattheyaretaughtbyhumansisanothermarkerofanimalcognition.Forexample,dogsareabletolearnawidevarietyofcommands,andthenfollowthem.Orangutanscanlearncomplextasks,suchaswashingclothesbyhand,afterjustafewtries.Elephantsalsoremembervariousbehaviorsthattheyaretaught-evenplayingmusicandpainting.Perhapsoneofthemostimportantaspectsofanimalcognitionisself-awareness.Ananimalthatisawareofitselfhasahighlevelofcognitionability.Foralongtime,humanswerethoughttobetheonlylivingbeingsawareofthemselvesandtheiractions.Forexample,youareawarethatyouarereadingthisarticleoryoucanrecognizeyourselfinamirror.Animalresearchershavediscoveredthatdolphinsandchimpanzeesareabletorecognizethemselvesinamirror.Self-awarenessmayhelphighlysocialanimalslikethesetogetalongintheirsocialgroups.Whentheylookatthementalabilitiesofanimalsasintroducedabove,animalresearchersdrawaconclusionthatsomeanimalsdohavehighlevelsofcognition.Summary:Scientistsandpetownersarequiteinterestedinthequestionofanimalintelligence,thementalabilitiesofanimals,whichisalsocalled(71)Firstofall,theauthortalksaboutanimals'abilitytousetools.Chimpanzeesandgreatapesarementionedasexamples.Then,theabilityto(72),anothermentalabilityofanimals,follows.Ravensarecitedwiththeirparticularcleverness.Inaddition,animalsareabletolearnwhattheyaretaught.Perhaps,oneofthemostsignificantpresentationsofthementalabilitiesofanimalsisthattheyhavetheirown(73)whichmighthelpsomeanimalstogetalongintheirgroups.Animalsdemonstratethisby(74)inamirror.Byintegratingalltheaspects,animalresearchersconcludethatsomespeciesofanimalsdohave(75)intelligence.

填空题 Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. There are ten missing words in it. Fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear on the tape. The authors of the {{U}}(21) {{/U}} note that as long as responsibility for childcare is with the women. They will remain {{U}}(22) {{/U}} in the family. They also point out that concessions to women in the world of work often result in women being {{U}}(23) {{/U}} into less well paid jobs. This already happens in regard to part-time workers who are paid a lower {{U}}(24) {{/U}} wage than full-time workers. They point out that men have to square to their responsibility as fathers. The key they {{U}}(25) {{/U}} is a change in men's attitudes. However what was not {{U}}(26) {{/U}} is that no matter how attitudes change, men are as {{U}}(27) {{/U}} as individuals in regard to their working conditions as women are. With all the goodwill in the world they cannot change their employer/employee {{U}}(28) {{/U}} , they cannot adjust their working hours to suit childcare just as women can. A more {{U}}(29) {{/U}} conclusion would be that society at the moment, capitalism, does not want to accommodate any of the problems of childcare, preferring to leave it up to the individual to make their own {{U}}(30) {{/U}} as best as they can.

填空题 Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. There are ten missing words in it. Fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear on the tape. Chinese students are {{U}}(21) {{/U}} willing to study very hard for long hours. This is an excellent {{U}}(22) {{/U}} , but it is often an inefficient method of study. An efficient student must have enough food, rest and {{U}}(23) {{/U}} . You need to play ball, or sing a song, or go out with friends, see a movie, visit some {{U}}(24) {{/U}} spots. When you return to your studies your mind will be {{U}}(25) {{/U}} and you'll learn more. Shorter, more intense study sessions are more effective than endless hours of nodding over your books. Finally, be {{U}}(26) {{/U}}. If you set impossible goals for yourself you can only be disappointed in your progress. {{U}} (27) {{/U}} have determined that learning takes place this way: first, you make a lot of progress and feel very happy. Then your language ability seems to stay the same; this period can last for days or even weeks. But you mustn't be {{U}}(28) {{/U}} . Perhaps we can say that learning English is like taking Chinese medicine. We don't mean that it's {{U}}(29) {{/U}} We mean that, like Chinese medicine, the {{U}}(30) {{/U}} of your study come slowly but surely. So, don't give up along the way.

填空题Today I'd like to talk about what helps people successfully integrate into a new culture. Whereas the reasons for migration are nowadays fairly easy to identify and largely related to (21) or political instability, the factors behind being able to (22) the new culture and create a new life are (23) more complex. Let's start with an overview of the issues as shown on this diagram. Starting on the left, there are two lists of factors: internal and external. It's important notice that the internal factors, in other words those based on an individual's (24) , are divided into positive factors-trusting others and acknowledging people are different, and negative factors-being afraid and being (25) people. Now, you should also notice that external factors are not labeled in this way. It's much more difficult to know how to (26) of external factors and whether they actually are external or not. The influence of family relationships, climate, (27) , and the ability to communicate in the language of the new culture have wide-ranging effects which are difficult to measure and can (28) any research. Now focus on the center of the diagram, and you'll see this phrase: "Coping strategies. " This is important because studies have shown that people, who integrate well into a new culture, are those who have eradicated any negativity, and (29) , and adopted coping strategies such as observing people, and taking time to listen and ask questions in order to diminish the effects of (30) .Today I'd like to talk about what helps people successfully integrate into a new culture. Whereas the reasons for migration are nowadays fairly easy to identify and largely related to (21) or political instability, the factors behind being able to (22) the new culture and create a new life are (23) more complex. Let's start with an overview of the issues as shown on this diagram. Starting on the left, there are two lists of factors: internal and external. It's important notice that the internal factors, in other words those based on an individual's (24) , are divided into positive factors-trusting others and acknowledging people are different, and negative factors-being afraid and being (25) people. Now, you should also notice that external factors are not labeled in this way. It's much more difficult to know how to (26) of external factors and whether they actually are external or not. The influence of family relationships, climate, (27) , and the ability to communicate in the language of the new culture have wide-ranging effects which are difficult to measure and can (28) any research. Now focus on the center of the diagram, and you'll see this phrase: "Coping strategies. " This is important because studies have shown that people, who integrate well into a new culture, are those who have eradicated any negativity, and (29) , and adopted coping strategies such as observing people, and taking time to listen and ask questions in order to diminish the effects of (30) .

填空题 {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}The major reason is loss of habitat, which has continued despite the establishment of 14 panda reserves. Deforestation, mainly carried out by farmers clearing land to make way for fields as they move higher into the mountains, has drastically contracted the mammal's range. The panda has disappeared from much of central and eastern China, and is now restricted to the eastern flank of the Himalayas. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}; almost half of the panda's habitat has been cut down or degraded since 1975. Worse, the surviving panda population has also become fragmented; a combination of satellite imagery and ground surveys reveals panda "islands" in patches of forest separated by cleared land. The population of these islands has become isolated because the animals are loath to cross open areas. Just putting a road through panda habitat may be enough to split a population in two. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}The smallest groups have too few animals to be viable, and will inevitably die out. The larger populations may be viable in the short term, but will be susceptible to genetic defects as a result of inbreeding. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}The flowering prompts pandas to move from one area to another, thus preventing inbreeding in otherwise sedentary populations. In panda islands, however, bamboo flowering could prove catastrophic (灾难性的) because the pandas are unable to emigrate. The latest conservation management plan for the panda, prepared by China's Ministry of Forestry and the World Wide Fund for Nature, aims primarily at maintaining panda habitats and ensuring. that populations are linked wherever possible. This plan will change some existing reserve boundaries, establish 14 new reserves and protect or replant corridors of forest between panda islands. Other measures include better control of poaching, reducing the degradation of habitats outside reserves, and reforestation. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}Implementation will be expensive and will require participation by individuals ranging from villagers to government officials. A. The plan is ambitious. B. The giant panda, the creature that has become a symbol of conservation, is facing extinction. C. Satellite imagery has shown the seriousness of the situation. D. In these circumstances, a more traditional threat to pandas -the cycle of flowering and subsequent withering of the bamboo that is their staple food-can become literally species-threatening. E. The minuscule size of the panda populations worries conservationists. F. Panda is one of the rarest animals in China. G. It's impossible to achieve this goal.