填空题Cultural Attitudes towards Time According to anthropologist Irving Hallowell, there is no evidence that humans have an in born sense of time. A person's temporal concepts are probably determined largely by culture. One study showed that infants, after a few days of listening to speech around them, will move their heads and limbs in rhythm with the speech they hear. As children develop, they adapt more fully to their temporal culture. This temporal culture influences language, music, poetry and dance. It also affects relationships. We tend to get along well with people who share our sense of time. One particular cultural attitude towards time is found in polychronic cultures. Some Mediterranean and southwest Asian Cultures are usually placed in this category. Such cultures emphasise relationships among people, flexible timing of appointments, and the careful completion of processes rather than strict schedules. Polyehronic people seldom feel that time is being wasted. They tend to consider each activity valuable on its own, not just as part of a larger process. Polyehromie people tend to have many projects going on at the same time, and they may shift frequently from one task to another. They change plans often. For polychromic people, work time is not clearly separable from personal time, so business meetings are considered a form of socialising. Monochromic cultures, on the other hand, are oriented towards tasks and schedules. Cultures usually considered monochromic can be found in northern Europe, North America, and some parts of eastern Asia. Monochromic people feel that time is tangible and inflexible and that" time is money. "They do one thing at a time and concentrate on each thing. Time and job commitments are very important to them and they tend to follow plans rigidly. Also, monochromic people clearly separate their work and personal time, and they place a high value on privacy. As you might expect, people from polychromic and monochromic cultures often misunderstand each other because of their different senses of time. For example, because a monochromic culture is highly compartmentalized, monochromic people tend to sequence conversations as well as tasks. They would not, for instance, interrupt a phone call in order to greet another person who just came into the room. In contrast, polyehronic people are comfortable with having multiple conversations at the same time. They would consider it rude not to greet someone who entered during a phone conversation. Complete the summary below by choosing for each blank no more than three words from the passage. Cultures may have either a (1) . or a monochromic conception of time. Cultures with a polychromic view of time follow a (2) timetable. People from polychronic cultures tend to work on several (3) at the same time. On the other hand, people in (4) perceive events and tasks as being more compartmentalized. In this culture, jobs and even conversations should follow a certain (5) . Everything in these cultures seems inflexible, and has its own place and time.

填空题Day-dreamingSpotsForsomeofus,coffeeshops,pubsorpublicplaceswherepeoplearemovingaroundareidealspotsforday-dreaming.Or,indeed,somewherewherethereisrunningwater,byariverorstream.Theconstantmovementseemstostimulatethoughtandideasinawaythatperhapsalibraryorthesolitudeofastudydoesnot.Itmaynotbepossibletohonethefinishedtextsittingaroundinanoisycafe,butthechallengeofholdingtogetherthoughtsagainstadversity,asitwere,isagreatgalvanizingforce.Inthepeaceofone'shomethereareevenmoredistractions,liketheTVandthephone.Peoplewhoarenotfamiliarwiththecreativeprocessmayfindithardtoacceptthatplaceslikecoffeebarsareasourceofstimulation.Butwhycertainplacesandthingsmotivatethecreativeindividualandothersdonotisdifficulttofathom.Isday-dreaminganinnateabilityorsomethingthatcanbetaught?WhileIpersonallyampreparedtoacceptthatinheritanceofabilitydoesplayasignificantroleintheprocess,Iammoreinclinedtotheideathattheenvironment,andperhapschance,playsamuchgreaterrole.Itissaidthatgeniusis10percentinspirationand90percentperspiration.Thecoffeeshopexperiencebearsthisout:aplaceofturmoiltoengendertheideasandthenbacktothenesttofleshthemout.The90percentisanotionalfigure.Ifonelooksattheworkofthegreatinventorsandartistspastorpresent,onecanseethatmorethan90percentofperspiration,asitwere,wentintotheexecutionoftheirwork.SUMMARY:Busyplaces,wherethereisalotofmovement,are(51)placestoday-dream.Suchenvironmentshelptoproducethoughtsandideas.Inone's(52)thereareevenmorethingstodivertone'sattention.Itisnotclearwhythecreativeindividualis(53)bycertainplacesandthings.Thequestioniswhetherday-dreamingis(54)orcanbelearned.Inheritance,environmentandchanceallplayaroleinthecreativeprocess;supposedlyonly10percentistheresultof(55).

填空题"Congratulations, you are still in the running towards become America"s Next Top Model." 1 five points for guessing the name of the TV programme this quote comes from but ten points for knowing the 2 name of the person who says it. Well, the answer of the 3 first question is America"s Next Top Model and the quote 4 comes from the show"s host, supermodel Ms Tyra Banks. If you got them both right, you are part of a 5 growing globe community because the Next Top Model 6 concept is rapidly spreading around world. 7 There"s nothing particularly new about this programme. Reality TV shows had been with us since the late 1940s. 8 However, Tyra Banks has brought some glamours to the 9 genre by setting the ritual humiliation what is part of any 10 reality show in the context of the fashion industry.

填空题Cosmetics have been used throughout history. The ancient Greeks, the Egyptians, and the Romans all used various kinds of makeup. Some of these cosmetics were used to improve their appearance. Others were used to protect their skin. But in some cases, things used for makeup were dangerous, or even deadly! Some of the first skin care treatments started in Egypt. In fact, Cleopatra was known to use them. She thought a bath in milk and honey left her skin silky smooth. Egyptians also developed some of the earliest sunscreens. They used oils and creams for protection against the sun and dry winds. Egyptian and other ancient cultures also used various powders on their skin for beauty. Egyptians used black kohl around their eyes. Romans put white chalk on their faces. And Indians painted red henna on their bodies. Most of the ancient cosmetic powders, oils, and creams were harmless. But in the name of beauty, some people applied dangerous chemicals and poisons to their skin. During the Italian Renaissance, women wore white powder made of lead on their faces. Of course, doctors now know lead is like a poison for our bodies. Also around the time of the Renaissance, women in Italy put drops of belladonna in their eyes. Belladonna is a very poisonous plant. The poison in the plant affects the nerves in the body. By putting belladonna drops in her eyes, a woman's pupils would become very large. People thought this made her more beautiful. Actually, this is why the plant is called belladonna. In Italian, belladonna means " beautiful woman. " When Elizabeth I was queen of England in the late 1500s, some rather dangerous cosmetics were also used by women there. Women were using rouge made with mercury. They were also using special hair dye made with lead and sulphur. The dye was designed to give people red hair, the same color as the queen's hair. Over time, the dye made people's hair fall out. Finally, women using this dye ended up bald, like the queen, and had to wear wigs. Summary: Although people have used cosmetics throughout history, not all of them have been safe. In fact, some of them have been quite (1) to people. For example, long ago in Italian (2) people thought women with big pupils were beautiful. Therefore, in the (3) of beauty, women began to put (4) of belladonna in their eyes to make their pupils larger. Today we know belladonna is poisonous, and it can affect the (5) in the body.

填空题I have a horse. Do you know what color it is? Tom said, "I guess it is not black. " Brian said, "It is either brown or grey. " Chris said, "I know it is brown. " I said, "At least one of you is right and at least one of you is wrong. " What is the color of my horse if the color is one of the above?

填空题The combined age of Frasier and Niles is 88 years. The combined age of Niles and Daphne is 76 years. The combined age of Frasier and Daphne is 80 years. Figure out each person's age.

填空题Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought down the age at marriagefor both men and women and brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height 【M1】______after more than a hundred years of a steady decline, producing the"baby boom. " 【M2】______These young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that went for more than two decades and caused a major but temporary 【M3】______reversal of longterm demographic patterns. From the 1940s through the early1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a younger age than their 【M4】______Europen counterparts. 【M5】______ Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who formed 【M6】______families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the divorce rate after a 【M7】______postwar peak: their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of 【M8】______couples who married in earlier as well as later decades. Since the United States 【M9】______maintained its dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in Europe. 【M10】______Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.

填空题TheWaiWaiareatribeofabout250peoplewholiveintheAmazonjungle.Thistribehashadlittlecontactwiththemodernworld.Infact,theirnearestneighbour,anothertribeofnativepeople,livesofarawaythatittakesthreeweekstowalkfromonevillagetotheother.OneofthefewWesternpeoplewhohavevisitedtheWaiWaiisColonelJohnBlashford-SnelloftheScientificExplorationSociety.InMarch2002,hespenttwomonthsvisitingthetribeandgivingthemmedicalhelp.Onthelastdayofhisvisit,thevillagepriestapproachedColonelBlashford-Snelltoaskhimafavour.Asthecolonelexplained,"Hewantedagrandpianotoputinthevillagechurch.Isaid,"Doyouhaveanyideawhatagrandpianolookslike?"Hesaidhehadseenpicturesofoneinabook.ItoldhimthatIdidn"tthinkhe"deverbeabletoplayapiano,andhereplied,"No,no,wearemusicalpeople."Thenhesaid,"Godmovesinmysteriousways."AndsoItookupthechallenge."BackinEngland,ColonelBlashford-Snellwasoffereda360kilogramgrandpianoasagiftfromtheMillenniumGloucesterHotelinLondon.Next,heneededtofindawaytogetthepianotothevillagedeepintheAmazonjungle.First,ColonelBlashford-Snellandhisteamflewthepianoasfarintothejungleastheycouldbyhelicopter,butgettingthepianofromtheretothevillagewasnoeasyfeat.Withthehelpofafewpeoplefromthetribe,theyputthepianoonasledgeandpulleditseveralmilesthroughthejungletoariverusingropes.Thentheyloadedthepianointotwodugoutcanoesandstarteduptheriver.Finally,theyarrivedatthebaseofthemountainwherethevillageissituated,andwiththehelpofmoretribemembers,theywereabletocarrythepianotothetopofthemountain,andthusthepianoarrivedatitsnewhomeintheAmazonrainforest!Sixmonthslater,ColonelBlashford-Snellwenttovisitthetribe,andtooktwopianotunerswithhimbecauseheknewtheheatanddampnessinthejunglewouldhaveabadeffectonthepiano.Afterclearingouttheinsectsnestinginsidethepianoandmakingextensiverepairs,theWaiWai,incooperationwiththepianotuners,recordedaCDtoraisemoneyforthetribe.TheCDincludedavarietyofhymnssungbytheWaiWai,aWestSideStorymedley,andtheBeatlesclassic"WithaLittleHelpfromMyFriends".Readthepassagecarefullyandthencompleteeachspaceinthesummary,usingamaximumofthreewordsfromthepassage.Summary:WhenColonelBlashford-SnellwasvisitingtheWaiWaipeopleintheAmazon,oneofthetribespeopleapproachedhimandaskedhimtodothetribea1.Theywantedagrandpiano.Thecolonelagreedtohelpthem,andwasgivenapianowhenhegotbacktoLondon.Usingahelicopter,a2andtwodugoutcanoes,hetransportedthepianotothetribe"svillage.Sixmonthslater,thecolonelreturnedtotheAmazonwith3.Afterclearingouttheinsectsthatwere4inthepianoandmakingextensiverepairs,thetunershelpedtheWaiWaitriberecordaCD.TheWaiWaihopesthisCD,whichincludesaBeatlessongandamedleyfromamusical,willhelptheirtribe5.

填空题What word goes in the brackets? Kilt (Look) Polo Log (……) Coca

填空题Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the correct word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word, or by using the given letters of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and fills it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but tends to diffuse throughout the space available; it must {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}be kept in a closed container, as in the {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}of a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}(describe) the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are made up of different kinds of molecules (分子). The theories now prevailing t{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}a quite different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}have no permanent structure, and they both flow easily. They are fluids. The {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}(fundament) similarity of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat. Suppose a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands, or in other {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}, becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. In contrast, the vapor above the liquid surface becomes dense as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and pressure {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}which the densities become equal is called the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}(distinguish); there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density.

填空题What is the word coiled inside this circle? N G O E R R T S

填空题Whatnumbershouldreplacethequestionmark?

填空题The recession has brought about an abrupt change of mood on university campuses up and down the country. A five-year boom in the graduate job market has been stopped in its tracks and salary expectations. No wonder only one in five of 16, 000 final year students questioned for a survey by High Flyers Research said that they expected to get a job for which they are qualified by the time they graduate. Despite the gloom, the financial case for going to university remains compelling. International surveys continue to show the salary premium enjoyed by UK graduates over those who choose not to go to university as among the highest in the world. In the post-recession world, a university degree is likely to be even more of an advantage to job-seekers than before. But choosing the right degree course and the right university will also be more important than ever. This does not necessarily mean that students should go only for job-related degrees, but it will put a premium on marketable skills. And it may mean that more universities can be expected to follow the lead of Liverpool John Moores University, which puts all of its undergraduates through a World of Work (WoW) course designed to give them the problem-solving and communication skills they'll need at work. The Times Good University Guide 2010, published by HarperCollins, offers a wealth of essential information to help candidates to navigate the maze of university choice, as well as advice on students'life. It is the most authoritative guide to universities in the UK and is an essential and comprehensive tool for students and parents. The online version of the Guide allows students and parents to create their own individual university rankings and to compare the strengths and weaknesses of different institutions by sorting universities according to one of the eight criteria-from student satisfaction to research quality and degree results. The table sees Oxford maintain its leadership, despite coming below Cambridge in most of the subject tables. Cambridge has the better record on student satisfaction, research, entry standards, completion and graduate destinations, but Oxford's lead in staffing levels, degree classifications and particularly in spending on libraries and other student facilities makes the difference. Summary: Up until recently, students expeeted to earn good money after graduation. However, there has been a dramatic (71) in attitude, and a minority now think that they'll work in a field that they are (72) for. It is still worth doing higher studies in the UK because the gap in earning between university graduates and the people who do not have university degrees is greater than anywhere else in the world. Students don't have to go only for job-related degrees. However, choosing the right degree course and the right university will (73) on marketable skills. The Times Good University Guide 2010 provides students and parents with the (74) in choosing the right university and advice on students'life, and its online version allows students and parents to compare the (75) of institutions by sorting universities with one of the eight criteria, such as student satisfaction.

填空题Yesterday my doctor gave me some tablets. There were five in the box. He told me to take one every half hour. How long did they last?

填空题Giving men the right to request flexible working would actually help women.

填空题Pleasewriteoutthewordwiththegivenletters.

填空题Democracy is not a new conception. The ancient Athenians 【M1】______had a democratic system. Their democracy was the same asAmerican democracy in many ways. Furthermore, there are 【M2】______several important differences between their democracy and ours. The ancient Athenian citizens voted fortheir representatives, and they also voted for certain issues. 【M3】______Moreover, any qualified citizen could become public official. The 【M4】______ancient Athenian democratic government also protected thecitizens' right private property, encouraging private business and 【M5】______supported public education. A similar system of representative government exists in the United States. United States citizens vote for theirrepresentatives, and they can impeach representatives, too. 【M6】______American citizens also vote on certain important matters. In theUnited States, like in ancient Athens, any qualified citizen can 【M7】______become a public official. The government of this country also protects private property, encourages private business enterprise. and supports public education. The major difference between these two forms of democracy is the definition of citizen. In ancient Athens acitizen was a free man, not a woman and a slave. Women and 【M8】______slaves were largest part of the population: thus, the Athenian 【M9】______democracy was not broadly representative. In the United States, however, all American men and women, of all races andreligions, are citizens. Slavery is legal in this country. 【M10】______Therefore, American democracy is more broadly representative.In brief, democracy is an old and varied concept. In the past it meant different things to many different people.

填空题 　　There are deserts all over the world. Over half of Africa is desert land. There are deserts in China and Latin America as well. The United States has deserts in the southwest part of the country. In some places, deserts are growing. This is a serious problem. Deserts destroy farmland. They also ruin land where animals live. When people cannot grow food or find animals to eat, they have to leave their homes. 　　Deserts for different reasons. Sometimes nature causes this problem. Wind can move sand away from deserts and onto useful land. When there is no rain for a long time many plants can die. However, humans can also cause deserts to grow. This is called desertification. This happens in many ways. One way is when people cause too much air pollution, which can make an area: Hotter weather can reduce the amount of rain. Also, too many people in one area can damage the land. Especially if they have many animals, their animals can also harm the land. When large animals like cows walk on soil too much, they turn it into dust. The wind easily blows this dust away. Trees help hold water in the ground. When people cut down too many trees, the water goes away and the soil is ruined. Plants may stop growing in these places. 　　All of these things can speed up desertification. To stop deserts from growing, people must think of ways to the land better. There are deserts all around the world. Deserts are getting bigger in some places. This is a (71) 1 problem, since deserts can (72) 2 farmland. Not only nature, but also people can cause deserts to (73) 3. People can cause too much air pollution, which makes weather (74) 4. Large numbers of people can destroy land. Also, cutting down too many trees can make the soil lose water. People must (75) 5 the land better if they want to stop desert growth.

填空题Refrigeration,railways,suburbangrowthandthecarhavegivenrisetothesupermarket,withitsshrink-wrappedfood,sell-bydates,andthebrandingandadver1ofwhatweeat.Drivingtoedge-of-townsupermarketshasresultedinthe2(close)offamilyshops,thedevaluingofhighstreetsandadeclineininteractionbetweenbuyers,growersandsellersoffood.The3ofthesupermarketwasonceplayedbycoveredmarketsinBritainandNorthAmericajustasitistodayinmuchoftheworldwherepeoplestillwanttolookcloselyatthefoodtheyplantobuy,andtoenjoythe4(compare)buzzandthefeastofallsensescoveredmarketsoffer.Morethanthesequotidianpleasures,coveredmarketsareoftenspecialbuildings,lovinglydesignedbecausetheirrole—feedingthecityanddoingsodeliciouslyandwell—isequally5importantasthoseofcityhallsandplacesofworship.Despitetheapparently6(relent)riseoffactoryfoodandsupermarkets,coveredmarketscontinuetothrive,someinbrightpatchesofBritainandtheUnitedStates.OneofthesurprisingjoysofdowntownLosAngeles—acitymostvisitors7ofasonegreatfreewaywherenooneeventhinksofwalking—isGrandCentralMarketonSouthBroadway.Openedin1917onthegroundflooroftheHomerLaughlinBuildinganddesignedbytheEnglish-bornarch8JohnBParkinson,themarkethasservedsucceedinggenerationsofimmigrants.Today,80%ofthosewhoshopheredailyareHispanicAmericans,afactreflectedinthewealthoffleshfruit,vegetablesandSpanishdelis.Mostofthese,though,displaytheirwaresunderall-AmericanneonsignshungfromthereinforcedconcretebeamsofaninnovativebuildingwhereFrankLloydWright,themostfamousofallUSarchitects,onceranhisstudio.Forsheerarchitecturalbeauty,EuropeandtheMiddleEastofferthe9(fine)ofallcoveredmarkets.Despiteintensecompetitionfromopulentpalazzosandmesmerisingart-lacedchurches,fewvisitorstoVenicecanfailtobeimpressedbythePescheria,thecoveredfishmarketsetcheek-by-gillwithRialtoBridge.Afishmarkethasexistednearheresince1097,althoughtheexistingNeo-GothicbuildingdesignedbyDomenicoRupoloandpainterCesareLaurentidatesfrom1907.Lookupatthecapitals10(crown)thecolumnssupportingtheroof:theysportfishheadsratherthanclassicallycorrectvolutesoracanthusleaves.