填空题Our bodies depend on sleep to keep a number of delicately balanced systems running smoothly. Without it these systems become subtly off-key, which can eventually lead to more serious consequences: Although the odd broken night never hurt anyone, some sleep experts are now saying that even just an hour of missed sleep, night after night, can cause ill health. Persistent low-level fatigue is extremely common since insomnia may happen to one in three of us, The cause can lie in surrounding factors, such as an uncomfortable mattress or noisy neighbors. Some insomnia is temporarily caused by stress brought on by a forthcoming special event, such as an exam or pressure at work. How you feel can notoriously affect sleep, too. Anxiety, anger or resentment can all stop us from dropping off and one of the prime symptoms of depression is early morning waking. Sleep apnoea, a common disorder in which lapses in breathing cause a shortage of oxygen which in turn disrupts sleep, may need treating. Shift work, partying until the small hours and jet lag can also disrupt the body's internal clock that tells us when to stay awake and when to sleep. Too much food, tea, coffee, cola or other stimulants can also be culprits. Physical illness such as pain from arthritis can be a factor, too, as can drugs such as those used to treat chronic illnesses like high blood pressure and asthma. Some of us simply need to make sure that the bedroom is a calm, pleasant place conducive to sleep and avoid daytime naps. And last but not least, anxiously lying awake worrying about not sleeping can cause what the doctors call psycho-physiological insomnia. Whatever the cause, fatigue can have devastating effects on all aspects of our lives. And new US research offers some clues as to further effects of this disturbance to the body's natural rhythms. Perhaps the greatest risk could be the effect on the immune system. The research shows that loss of sleep can slow down the action of cells which are involved in fighting off infection and even protecting us against more serious diseases such as cancer. What isn't known, however, is whether one or two broken nights can have a long-term effect. People who suffer from long periods of stress, for example after a bereavement, seem to be more vulnerable to illness, which suggests that lack of sleep may be a factor. American research also suggests that lack of sleep can make you want to eat too much! Nurses on the overnight shift gained more than those on the evening shift, suggesting that the greater the disruption in sleep patterns, the greater the tendency to overeat and thus gain weight. Lack of sleep may even contribute to or speed up the ageing process. During sleep the body produces a hormone which is vital for growth and cell renewal. Without enough sleep this rejuvenation time is lost. It comes as no surprise that the period in life when we sleep most—as babies and toddlers—is the period of greatest growth. Complete the summary below with information from the passage, using no more than five words for each blank. Enough sleep is crucial for people to keep healthy. Insomnia is caused by many factors, such as (71) , stress and people's special feelings. People may need to see a doctor when sleep apnoea takes place. Sleep apnoea disrupts sleep because of lapses in breathing resulting from (72) . Fatigue also can have devastating effects on all aspects of our lives, especially on (73) . Although staying up late from time to time is not yet proved to be harmful in the long run, lack of sleep may stimulate people to (74) , put on more weight and accelerate (75) .

填空题anxious about, strong, suggest, instruct, which, especial, whether, apply to, all, both, great, form Working out to music can improve the coordination of your mind and body, (1) you are football crazy or keen on tennis. The (2) that rock or pop music might ever play a part in sports training would have been regarded as a joke not so long ago. But today modern music is increasingly filling the gym as well as the front room. The idea of exercise to music is not new. For years, (3) in eastern Europe, the benefits of sportsmen and sportswomen having (4) in ballet and classical dance, with their stress on total body control and balance, have long been recognized. Figure-skating and ice-dance are usually performed to music and can be said to be specialized (5) of this type of exercise. But ballet and classical dance can be (6) other sports that are also pleasing to the eye, such as gymnastics and skiing, (7) of which demand high standards of balance, coordination and suppleness. In western Europe and North America, a far (8) interest has been shown in working out to classical music. Even sports which seem to demand muscular (9) more than any other physical requirement have taken up exercise to music as a valuable addition to their own specialized training schemes. Devotees of soccer, rugby, and rowing now regularly train to music; even those who take up in weightlifting, (10) demands enormous physical strength, and participants in athletics field events, find that exercise to music is beneficial and makes their movements more fluid.

填空题Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage. Although few would deny that it's better to be rich than poor, for some people the quest for money is so all-consuming that it extinguishes all other aspects of life. The cause of the compulsion to make enormous sums of money varies with the individual, but often money is a substitute for something a person's life lacks. To some, money means security. To some, it means power. To others it means they are going to be able to buy love, and to a fourth group it means competition and winning the game. The belief that money can produce these things often leads to insomnia, heart attacks and problems with a spouse or children. A tremendous need for power is invariably the bottom line for those driven to make a lot of money. The bigger the pile, the more powerful they think they will feel. Parents and family background also influence a person's pursuit of money. Many people who grew up poor and then made a fortune live in fear that they will lose it. Others strive for money to compete with their wealthy, successful parents. They want to be successful at any price. They do not feel they should enjoy what they have earned. Making money for its own sake can be addicting like high-stakes gambling. Some very wealthy people work so many hours, so hard and at such an intense pace that they totally neglect themselves. They don't eat right. They don't sleep right. They just act as if they were poor, as if they were struggling to make a dime. Many wealthy people are driven by the need for approval. But they may go out of their ways not to appear wealthy out of fear that they may receive less support from others. Obsession with money is a man's problem, but with the ranks of female executives growing, the feverish quest for money is becoming more of "equal-opportunity" problem. In some ways, women may have the greatest conflict with making money. In society's eyes, financial achievement is not fully satisfying for women. They must also be successful as nurturers.

填空题Rearrange the letters given and make one word that uses all of the letters. AEEILSMNNOPPTTU

填空题 Directions: In this section, you are required to go over the passage quickly and mark the answers on the Answer Sheet For questions 57-63, mark Y (for Yes) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for No) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage. Questions 57-63 are based on the following passage. Six Thousand Women Missing from Boardrooms, Politics and Courts The glass ceiling is still holding back 6,000 women from the top 33,000 jobs in Britain, according to new research from the Equal Opportunities Commission. Thirty years after the introduction of the Sex Discrimination Act, women are "woefully under-represented" in the country's boardrooms, politics and courts. Help from nannies has not enabled successful women to maintain their careers after having children, the research suggests. The EOC blames a male-dominated culture in the professions for resistance to flexible working. The upward trend in the proportion of women in top jobs is "painfully slow", the report says, and in some sectors there is even a decline. The proportion of women in parliament has slipped in the 12 months since the EOC's last Sex and Power survey and is now at 19.5%—lower than in Iraq, Afghanistan and Rwanda. Although a woman is chief executive of the London Stock Exchange, and four senior judges are women, the proportion of women directors of top 100 FTSE companies has dipped to 10.4%, and of female judges to 9.8%. Jenny Watson, chair of the EOC, said: "Today's troubling findings show just how slow the pace of change has been in powerful British institutions. They suggest it's time not just to send out the headhunters to find some of those 'missing women' , but to address the barriers that stand in their way. Thirty years on from the Sex Discrimination Act, women rightly expect to share power. But as our survey shows, that's not the reality. " "We all pay the price when Britain's boardrooms and elected chambers are unrepresentative. Our democracy and local communities will be stronger if women from different backgrounds are able to enjoy an equal voice. In business, no one can afford to fish in half the talent pool in today's intensely competitive world." The commission identified the 33,000 most influential jobs in the private sector, polities, the legal system and the public sector in Britain. To achieve a representative proportion, women, it said, should fill another 6,000. At the current rate of improvement, it would take 20 years to achieve equality in the civil service, 40 years in the judiciary and 60 years among FTSE 100 companies. But it would take 200 years—at least another 40 elections—to achieve an equal number of MPs in parliament. By contrast, in the Scottish assembly, nearly 40% are women and 51.7% in Wales. The EOC said there was an argument for parties to use all-women shortlists, as in Wales. But figures for women from ethnic minorities are worse. There are only two black women MPs, four non-white top 100 FTSE directors and nine top civil servants from ethnic minority backgrounds. "If we want our communities to thrive, this has to change," concludes the report. It suggests that more successful women arc experiencing the same barriers to getting the jobs they want as women in lower paid jobs. As for age, the pay gap between men and women in their 20s is 3.7% , rising to 10.7% for thirty somethings—from the impact of childbirth on women's earnings. The same is not true for men who become fathers. Female workers in the UK suffer one of the biggest pay gaps in Europe—17% for full-time staff and 38% for part-time—because they are more likely to be in low-paid jobs and then slip further down the career ladder after having children, the Women and Work Commission found last year. "Asking for flexible working still spells career death for too many women in today's work- place," said Ms Watson. "As a consequence, women with caring responsibilities all too often have to 'trade down' to keep working. Extending the right to ask for flexible working to everyone in the workplace would change that culture and enable more women to reach the top. " Statements:

填空题Questions 66-71 are based on the following passage. Laziness is a sin, everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievements, which they are unable to deal with whatever "lesser" work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating--rescheduling their day. Nevertheless, laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, researching. We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was "goofing off'. Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone "lazy" build the car or stove we buy, particular if that job right. And sometimes being "lazy" --that is, taking time off for a rest--is good for the overworked student or executive. Taking a rest can be particular helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who's simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when you're tempted to call somebody lazy. That person may be thinking, or planning his next book.

填空题There are great many reasons for studying what philosophers have said 79. ______ in the past. One is that we cannot separate the history of philosophy from which 80. ______ of science. Philosophy is largely discussion about matters on which few people are 81. ______ quite certain, and those few hold opposite opinions. As knowledge increases, Philosophy buds off the sciences. For an example, in the ancient world and 82. ______ the Middle Ages philosophers discussed motion. Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas taught that a moving body would slow down until a force were 83. ______ constantly applied to it. They were wrong. It goes on moving unless some-thing slows it down. But they had good arguments on their side, and if westudy these, and the experiments which proved them right, this will help 84. ______ us to distinguish truth from false in the scientific controversies of today. We 85. ______ also see how different philosopher reflects the social life of his day. 86. ______ Plato and Aristotle, in the slave-owning society of ancient Greece, thought man's highest state was contemplation rather than activity. In the Middle Ages St. Thomas believed a regular feudal system of nine ranks of 87. ______ Angels. Herbert Spencer, in the time of free competition between capitals, found the key to progress the survival of the fittest. Thus Marxism is seen to fit into its place as the philosophy for the workers, the only class with a future. 88. ______

填空题The most crucial way, however, of improving the labour cost structure at SAH (Sydney Airport Hotel) was to find better, more productive ways of providing customer service. SAH management concluded this would first require a process of "benchmarking". The prime objective of the bench-marking process was to compare a range of service delivery processes across a range of criteria using teams made up of employees from different departmens within the hotel which interacted with each other. This process resulted in performance measures that greatly enhanced SAH's ability to improve productivity and quality. The front office team discovered through this project that a high proportion of AHI (Australian Hotels Inc)Club member reservations were incomplete. As a result, the service provided to these guests was below the standard promised to them as part of their membership agreement. Reducing the number of incomplete reservations greatly improved guest perceptions of service. In addition, a program modelled on an earlier project called "Take Charge" was implemented. Essentially, Take Charge provides an effective feedback loop from both customers and employees. Customer comments, both positive and negative, are recorded by staff. These are collated regularly to identify opportunities for improvement. Just as importantly, employees are requested to note down their own suggestions for improvement. (AHI has set an expectation that employees will submit at least three suggestions for every one they receive from a customer.) Employee feedback is reviewed daily and suggestions are implemented within 48 hours, if possible, or a valid reason is given for non-implementation. If suggestions require analysis or data collection, the Take Charge team has 30 days in which to address the issue and come up with recommendations. Although quantitative evidence of AHI's initiatives at SAH are limited at present, anecdotal evidence clearly suggests that these practices are working. Indeed AHI is progressively rolling out these initiatives in other hotels in Australia, whilst numerous overseas visitors have come to see how the program works. Summary: What They Did at SAH Teams of employees were selected from different hotel departments to participate in a bench-marking exercise. The information collected was used to compare a range of (26) , which, in turn, led to the development of (27) that would be used to increase the hotel's capacity to improve (28) as well as quality. Also, an older program known as (29) was introduced at SAH. In this program, feedback is sought from customers and staff. If possible, their suggestions are implemented within 48 hours. Some of these suggestions may be investigated for their feasibility for a period of up to (30) .

填空题Howmanytrianglesappearinthisfigure?

填空题Thefirstsmallcamerawasinventedin1685,butitwasjustacamera.Itwasalongtimebeforepeoplefiguredouthowtomaketherightkindofpaperforphotographs.Modernphotography,asweknowit,reallycameintobeinginthe19thcentury,aroundtheyear1865,tobeexact.Inthelate1800sandearly1900s,photographyreallytookoff.Severaltypesofcameraswereinventedduringthetime,andphotographersalsocameupwithnewandbetterwaystotakepictures.Photographybecameaformofart.Althoughmostpeoplethinkphotographsshowrealthings,photographyalsochangedpeople'sideasaboutmodernart.Modernartdevelopedinthelate19thcentury,aroundthetimeoftheinventionofphotographs.Modernartwasdifferentfromotherkindsofartbecausemodernartpaintingsdidnottrytoshow"realistic"pictures.Forexample,artistsofmodernartoftenproducedpaintingsthatlookeddifferentfromarealpicture.Photographywasperfectforproducingmodernart.Forexample,aphotographercouldfocusonthesubjectofapictureandmakeitlookveryclear,whileotherpartsofthepicturewerenotinfocusandthereforelookedfuzzy.Inthisway,photographerscouldmakepictureslooklessrealistic.Wearenowlivinginthetimeofpostmodernart.Postmodernartdevelopedinthelate1950sandhasallowedforfurtherchangesintheworldofart.Inthecaseofphotography,computershavechangedalotaboutthewaythatphotographsaremadeandviewed.Forexample,aphotographercannowtakepicturesusingadigitalcamera.Thesepicturescanbesavedonacomputerandchangedusingacomputerprogram.Inthisway,thephotographercanchangethecolorsandmanyotheraspectsofaphotograph.Forexample,thephotographercanchangeallofthecolorsinaphotographtolightordarkred,orheorshecanmakephotographsdarkerorlighter.Thesekindsoftreatmentcancreateinterestingeffects.Computersarealsochangingthewaypeoplesharephotographs.Inthepast,aphotographerhadtoputhisphotosinabook,calledanalbum,toshowhisphotographstolotsofpeople.Now,withtheInternet,photographerscansharetheirphotographswiththousandsofpeoplequicklyandeasily!Thismeansthateventeenagerscancreateinterestingphotographsasakindofarttosharewithpeoplearoundtheworld.Completethefollowingsentenceswithinformationgiveninthepassage,usingamaximumof10wordsforeachsentence.

填空题The History of Globalization ·Globalization is commonly believed not to have been a concern in (21) . ·In 1841, a writer from (22) wrote about the notion of a "universal society". His main concerns about this society were: Ⅰ. how people of different nations would express (23) Ⅱ: whether there would be a single (24) Ⅲ: whether it was possible to have one governing body He imagined future would be shaped by the new technologies of (25) and (26) ·In 1965-1871, there were plans for a single European (27) . It was to be called the (28) . Plans failed due to a (29) in the 1870s. ·Other 18th century writers (e. g. Adam Smith) were concerned about effect on (30) . His and others ideas may help us deal with today's problems.The History of Globalization ·Globalization is commonly believed not to have been a concern in (21) . ·In 1841, a writer from (22) wrote about the notion of a "universal society". His main concerns about this society were: Ⅰ. how people of different nations would express (23) Ⅱ: whether there would be a single (24) Ⅲ: whether it was possible to have one governing body He imagined future would be shaped by the new technologies of (25) and (26) ·In 1965-1871, there were plans for a single European (27) . It was to be called the (28) . Plans failed due to a (29) in the 1870s. ·Other 18th century writers (e. g. Adam Smith) were concerned about effect on (30) . His and others ideas may help us deal with today's problems.

填空题Whatlettersshouldreplacethequestionmark?

填空题{{B}}Section B{{/B}} There are 10 blanks in the passage. Use the word given in each set of brackets to form a word that fits in each blank. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. The London Underground Map The London Underground map is extremely well designed. Simple, easy to understand and {{U}}(76) {{/U}}(ATTRACT), it performs its primary task of guiding both inhabitants and {{U}}(77) {{/U}} (TOUR) round the underground system in London very well. The man behind this great {{U}}(78) {{/U}} (ACHIEVE) was called Henry Beck, an {{U}}(79) {{/U}} (EMPLOY) of the London Underground Drawing Office, who designed the map in 1931. The design of the map showed great {{U}}(80) {{/U}} (ORIGINAL) because it clearly represented a complex network of {{U}}(81) {{/U}} (COMMUNICATE). This design was later used by most of the world's underground systems. The map used before 1931 was messy and {{U}}(82) {{/U}} (CLEAR). So Beck decided to sketch out a better one using a diagram rather than a {{U}}(83) {{/U}} (TRADITION) map. This new map was an enormous {{U}}(84) {{/U}} (SUCCEED) with the public when, in 1933, it made its first {{U}}(85) {{/U}} (APPEAR) on underground platforms and at station entrances.

填空题The American farmers have always been independent and hard-working. In the eighteenth century farmers were quite self-sufficient. The farmfamily grew and made almost nothing it needed. The surplus crop 【M1】______would be sold in order to buy a few items in the local general stone. In 1860, because some of the farm population had moved to 【M2】______the city, yet eight percent of the American population was still inthe country. In the late nineteen century, farm work and life were 【M3】______not much changed from that they had been in old days. The farmer 【M4】_____aroused at dawn or before and had much work to do, with his own 【M5】______muscles like his chief source of power. He used axes, spades and 【M6】______other complicated tools. In his house cooking was done in wood 【M7】______burning stoves, and the kerosene lamp was the only improvement on the candle. The family's recreation and social life chieflyconsisted a drive in the wagon to the nearby small town or village 【M8】______to transact some business as well as to chat with neighbors who also come to town. The children attended a small elementary school(often of justoneroom)to that they had to walk every day, possibly for a few miles. 【M9】______The school term was short so that the children could not help on the 【M10】______farm. Although the whole family worked, and life was not easy, farmers as a class were self-reliant and independent.

填空题"Christmas is coming

填空题Whatoccurstwiceinalifetime,butonceinayear.Twiceinaweekbutneverinaday?

填空题Managing Money Important Tips: 1

填空题Replace the dots with a word to make five new words. (...) SURFER/SHIELD/SOCK/MILL/PIPE

填空题The title of the passage probably is ________ .

填空题 In this section, you will hear a lecture about Australia's water problems. It will be played only once. For answers 21-30, complete the notes by writing a word or a short phrase. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. Australia is {{U}}(21) {{/U}} driest continent in this world. The evaporation rate of rainfall in Australia is {{U}}(22) {{/U}}. The reason for rapid drying-up of water and bare penetrating of the soil of rainfall is that the moisture is absorbed by. {{U}}(23) {{/U}} In sandy soils rainwater can {{U}}(24) {{/U}} Water is mainly pumped up for {{U}}(25) {{/U}} Natural springs are located in some parts {{U}}(26) {{/U}} Underground water supplies about 18% of the {{U}}(27) {{/U}} The dams store water for a variety of functions: · the rural irrigation {{U}}(28) {{/U}} · the regulation {{U}}(29) {{/U}} · the generation {{U}}(30) {{/U}}