填空题Certainbirdsare,moreoftenthannot,consideredbadluck,orevenfrightening,asignofimpendingdeath.Allovertheworld,bothcrowsandravens(乌鸦)havesomeconnectionwithwaranddeath.Inearlytimes,crowsandravenswerethoughttoaccompanythegodsofwar,orbesignsoftheirimminentarrivalinanarea.Later,thisbeliefbecamemoregeneral,andthesebirds,crowsmoreparticularly,werethoughttobeharbingers(预兆)ofillfortuneor,insomecases,guidestotheafterlife.Woebeittothepersonwhosawasinglecroworravenflyingoverhead,forthismostcertainlywasaportentofdeathinthenearfuture.Interestingly,thoughpotentiallybadluckforpeopleindividually,theravenisconsideredtobegoodluckforthecrownofEngland.Somuchso,infact,thata"ravenmaster"iseventodayanactualgovernmentpositionintheTowerofLondon.Hetakescareoftheravensthereandalsoclipstheirwings,ensuringthatthesebirdscanneverflyfarfromtheseatoftheBritishgovernment.Thisway,thekingdomwillneverfalltoillfortune.Anotherbirdwhichisalsostillconsideredtoplayapartinpeople"sfortunesistheswallow.Dependingonhowandwhenitisseen,theswallowcanbeaharbingerofeithergood-or-ill-fortune.Perhapsinspiredbytheswallow"sred-brownbreast,peopleinitiallyrelatedtheswallowwiththedeathofChrist.Thus,peoplewhosawaswallowflythroughtheirhouseconsidereditaportentofdeath.Later,however,farmersbegantoconsiderswallowssignsofgoodfortune,andbelievedthatanybarnthathasswallowlivinginitwassuretobeblessedinthefollowingyear.Farmersalsohavetobewareofkillingaswallow;thatwouldbecertaintoendanygoodlucktheymighthavehad.Thoughmanypeoplethinkthesesuperstitions(迷信)areoldwives"tales,thereisactuallysomeevidencetosupportthem.Forexample,crowsandravens,beingscavengers,frequenttheaftermathofbattlefields.Thus,largenumbersofcrowsandravenswereagoodindicationofwarinanarea.Aswell,swallowsfeedoninsectsthatcancauseinfectionincattle.Thus,afarmerwhohasmanyswallowsinhisbarnmayactuallyhavehealthieranimalsonhisfarm.So,thenexttimeyoufeelinclinedtolaughatanoldwives"tale,youhadbetterfindoutifthereisanytruthtoitfirst!Completethesummarywithamaximumoftwowordsfromthepassage,changingtheformwherenecessary.Somepeopleareinclinedtobelievecertainanimalscanbringgoodorbadluck.Themajorityofsuperstitionsaboutcrowsandravenssuggestthatthesebirdsbringbadluck.Peopleshould1whentheyseesuchbirds.Itmaybethatthesebirdshavebadreputationsbecausetheyarescavengers.Becausethesebirdsoften2terribleevents,likebattles,peopleconnectedthemwith3.Thereisevenanold4thatsayswhenasinglecrowfliesoveryourhead,5isinthenearfuture!

填空题Youmaynotknowit,butyourbodyisconstantlyunderattack.Theenemiesaremicroscopicinvaderscalled"microbes"or"germs"Microbes,suchasbacteriaandviruses,areallaroundyou.Theyliveintheairyoubreathe,onthesurfaceofyourskin,andeveninthefoodyoueat.1No.Somegermsactuallyaidcertainbodilyfunctions—digestionforone.Butsomegermscanmakeyouverysick.Whenyougetaninfectionordisease,itisusuallybecauseharmfulgermshaveinvadedyourbodyandmultiplied.Theyattackanddamageyourcells.Germsspreadfast.Asinglebacteriumcanmultiplyintoseveralthousandinjustafewhours.Ifyourbodyhadnowayofstoppingharmfulbacteriaandothermicrobes,theywouldsoonoverwhelmyou.Youcouldnotsurviveforverylong.Luckily,yourbodyhasdefensesagainsttheseinvaders.Yourskinisyourfirstlineofdefense.2Skinismadeoftwomainlayers.Theyaretheinnerlayer,calledthe"dermis",andtheouterlayer,calledthe"epidermis".Thecellsatthesurfaceoftheepidermisformatough,waterproofshieldwhichmostgermscannotpenetrate.Inaddition,organsintheskinhelpcontrolthenumberofgenusatthesurface.Thedermiscontainsthousandsofoilglands.Thefluidtheyproducereachesthesurfaceoftheskinthroughpores.Chemicalsintheoilhelpkeepgermsfrommultiplying.3Germscaninvadethroughacutintheskinorthroughanynaturalopeningofthebody.Whengermsinvade,whitebloodcellsarrivetoattackthem.Twokindsofwhitebloodcellsworktogethertocombatdisease-causinggerms.Onekindofwhitebloodcelliscalledthe"chemical-warfare"branchofyourbody"sdefenses.Thesecellsproduceantibodieschemicalsthathelpcombatgerms.Antibodiestravelthroughyourbloodstreamtosearchoutinvadinggerms.Theylockontothegerms,givingthemachemicalcoatingthatidentifiesthemasharmful.4Theantibodiesgiveyou"immunity"—theabilitytoresistinfectionanddisease.Onceyouhavehadcertainillnesses,suchaschickenpoxandmeasles,youprobablywillneverhavethemagain.Thisisbecausethewhitecellswill"remember"themandquicklyproduceantibodies.5Avaccineisapreparationofdeadorweakenedgerms.Itdoesnotgiveyouthedisease,butittriggerstheproductionofantibodiesasifyouwereactuallyill.Vaccinescansaveyourlifebyhelpingyourbodytoprotectyou.Theotherkindofgerm-fightingwhitebloodcellsarethe"footsoldiers"ofthebody"sdefensesystem.Theysurroundgermsanddigestthemwithpowerfulenzymes.Theyareabletorecognizeharmfulgermsbecauseofthechemicalcoatingtheantibodieshavegiventhem.Thewhitecellsarebiggerthanmostgerms.Oneofthemcandestroylargenumbersoftheinvaders.Someofthesewhitecellsdiewhendefendingthebody.Thedeadcells,alongwithbodyfluids,damagedtissue,anddeadgerms,formpus.Whenyouseepusaroundawound,youknowthatyourwhitecellshavebeenfightinganddyingtoprotectyou.Completethearticlewiththefollowingsentences.Therearetwoextrasentencesthatyoudonotneed.A.Howdoesyourskinprotectyouagainstgerms?B.Vaccinesaredangerousbecausetheygiveusthediseases.C.Areallgermsharmful?D.Howmanydifferentkindsofthesecellsthatfightgermsarethere?E.Vaccinescangiveyouimmunityagainstsomediseasesuchassmallpoxandpolio.F.Howdogermsgetintoyourbody,andwhathappenswhentheydo?G.Thesewhitecellsmanufactureadifferentantibodyforeachkindofgerm.

填空题Name: Festival of Snakes Country: (21) Activities: Celebrations begin with people (22) and putting them in cages. Later, on the first Thursday in May, villagers (23) and then go to church. Then, the statue of Saint Domenica is carried through the streets, and villagers put the snakes around it. At last, the snakes are (24) in the forest, and the villagers believe that they are (25) from snakebites for another year. Name: La Tomatina Country: (26) Activities: On the last Wednesday of August, people (27) at each other. The festival is said to start as (28) between poor and rich teenagers. Over the years, this festival has turned into a national event. People wear old T-shirts, old shorts, and (29) . And the festival both begins and ends with (30) .

填空题WorkoutwhichnumberfitsunderneathletterA.

填空题John can mow a field in 6 hours. Bill can mow a field in 5 hours. Henry can mow a field in 4 hours. Joe can mow a field in 3 hours. Tom can mow a field in 2 hours. If they all work together at their respective rates, how long will it take to mow the field?

填空题The Pitman Shorthand System ● Distance learning was called 1 courses more than 150 years ago. ● Pitman began teaching the courses of 2 by mail with the development of a reliable postal system in 1840. ● This idea was introduced to the U. S. and adapted to 3 languages. The Open University ● It was established in 4 and offered courses through mail. ● Each student had a 5 to help them with the course work. ● It develops fast and offers the courses using the Internet, 6 , satellite broadcast and email. ● It is now Britain"s largest 7 , with more than 200,000 people studying its courses every year. John Hendricks and the Discovery Channel ● Discovery Channel is the first cable TV channel exclusively devoted to 8 and nature programmers in June 1985. ● The company"s programmes now reach over 150 million subscribers in more than 9 countries. And the Discovery Channel"s 10 , educational approach proves that TV is not just about mindless entertainment.

填空题What comes next? A, 1A, 111A, 311A,?

填空题 Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the correct word in one of the following three ways : according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word, or by using the given letters of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious {{U}}(66) {{/U}} the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and f{{U}} (67) {{/U}} it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but tends to diffuse throughout the space available ; it must {{U}}(68) {{/U}} be kept in a closed container, as in the {{U}}(69) {{/U}} of a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories {{U}}(70) {{/U}} (describe) the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are made up of different kinds of molecules (分子). The theories now prevailing t {{U}}(71) {{/U}} a quite different approach by emphasizing {{U}}(72) {{/U}} liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter {{U}}(73) {{/U}} have no permanent structure, and they both flow easily. They are fluids. The f{{U}} (74) {{/U}} similarity of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat. S{{U}} (75) {{/U}} a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands, or in other {{U}}(76) {{/U}} , becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. In contrast, the vapor above the liquid surface becomes dense as the evaporated molecules are added {{U}}(77) {{/U}} it. The combination of temperature and pressure {{U}}(78) {{/U}} which the densities become equal is c{{U}} (79) {{/U}} the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be dis{{U}} (80) {{/U}}; there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density.

填空题What Is a Cyclone? Cyclones are huge revolving storms caused by winds blowing around a central area of low atmospheric pressure. In the northern hemisphere, cyclones, called hurricanes or typhoons, blow in an anti-clockwise direction. In the southern hemisphere, these tropical storms are known as cyclones, whose winds blow in a clockwise direction. Cyclones develop over warm seas near the Equator. Air heated by the sun rises very swiftly creating areas of very low pressure. As the warm air rises, its moisture condenses into massive thunderclouds. Cool air rushes in to fill the void that is left, but because of the constant turning of the Earth on its axis, the air is bent inwards and then spirals upwards with great force. The swirling winds rotate faster and faster, forming a huge circle which can be up to 2,000 km across. At the centre of the storm is a calm, cloudless area called the eye, with no rain, and fairly light winds. As the cyclone builds up it begins to move, and is sustained by a steady flow of warm, moist air. The strongest winds and heaviest rains are found in the towering clouds which merge into a wall about 20-30 km from the storm's centre. Winds around the eye can reach speeds of up to 200 kin/h, and a fully developed cyclone pumps out about two million tons of air per second. This results in more rain being released. Cyclones are dangerous for people living around tropical areas. The most destructive force of a cyclone is the fierce winds. These winds are strong enough to topple fences, sheds, trees, power poles and caravans easily. A cyclone typically churns up the sea, causing giant waves and surges of water known as storm surges which rush inland with deadly power, flooding low-lying coastal areas. Fill in each blank in no more than three words according to the passage. What Is a Cyclone? Definition Large circling storms with strong winds blowing around a central area. Location These storms form near the (56) over open water. They are called hurricanes and typhoons inthe northem hemisphere, and cyclones in the southern hemisphere. Causes I. The warm moist air rises and turns into thunderclouds. 2. Cool air flows in to fill the (57) left by the rising air. 3. The earth's movement makes the air bend inward and (58) upwards. The swirling windsrotate faster and faster. 4. As the cyclone builds it begins to move. Elements A. Towering clouds become a wall around the storm's centre. B. Winds circling the eye can reach (59) C. Heaviest rainfall is in the "Wall". Effects Winds can "knock over trees, houses, fences, power poles, etc. Chums up the sea into giant waves and (60) which cause flooding.

填空题 Directions: In this part, you will have 5 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet. For questions 56 - 60, mark Y (for Yes) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for No) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage. Questions 56 - 60 are based on the following passage. The Outdoor Centre Opening times Water sports: 10 am - 6 pm Play Park: 10 am - 5.30 pm Entrance / Car park fees Low season : Weekdays ￡ 2.00 per car Weekends ￡ 3.00 per car High season : 23 July - 11 September Weekdays and weekends ￡ 3.00 per car Fees are for cars with four people. Each extra person is 50p. Fees to be paid at the main office. The center is not a private club; it is an organization whose aim is to provide outdoor sports and recreation facilities for the public. Group visitors are requested to inform the center in advance of their intended visit. Windsurfing---One-day course Beginner windsurfing course is offered on Saturdays and Sundays when the weather is good enough. Learning to windsurf is a lot of fun. The excitement when you sail across the water for the first time is not easily forgotten. Boards with small sails are available for beginners. Course fee: ￡ 32.50 (this includes all equipment) One-day adventure course This is an opportunity you have been waiting for. Come and try sailing, climbing, surfing and archery. This course is intended to introduce outdoor activities to adults in a fun, leisurely manner. You do not need to be extremely fit or to have had previous experience of the activities. All you need is to be interested. Course fee : ￡ 22.50 Play Park The Play Park is suitable for children from two to ten years of age. It is one of the best of its type in the country. It has sand and water play, slides, large ball pool, play castle and much, much more. Next year the center will open a new Play Palace and Play Ship. Summer adventure holidays (for 14 - 18 years of age) Sailing Climbing Windsurfing Fun Games Statement: Safety is of primary importance at the Outdoor Center. All staff members are fully trained in First Aid, and qualified to teach the activities on offer. We also make certain that all children only take part in activities that are suitable for their age and physical abilities. For this programme children must be able to swim 25 metres and be in good physical health. Statements:

填空题MeltingGlaciersSeveralglaciersintheAlpshavealreadydisappearedinasfewas40year.InthePatagonianicefieldsofArgentina,someglaciershaverecededoneandone-halfkilometersinthelast13years.IntheHimalayanMountains,glaciersaremeltingsofastthatrunoffsometimesfloodsthesurroundingareas.TheirfateisapreviewofthefutureofotherglaciersonEarth.Theshrinkingoftheworld'sglacierswillhavemassiveconsequencesforcommunitiesthatdependonicemeltfortheirwater.Intheshort-term,theseconsequencesmayappearbeneficial.Forexample,extrawaterfromglaciersmeansthathydroelectricdamswillrunatmaximumpower.Inthelongrun,however,themeltingofEarth'sglacierscouldbecatastrophic.Today'sextrahydroelectricpowerhasbeenstolenfromthefuture.Communitieswithamplepowernowmayhavenoneaftertheglaciershavemeltedandhavestoppedfillingreservoirs.Likewise,waterforirrigation,drinking,transportation,andnuclearpowerstationswillslowtothelevelsprovidedsolelybyrainfall.Thelossoficewillincreasesealevelsworldwide.Temperaturechangeandalackofsnowiscausingtheretreatoftheglaciers.Accordingtomanyscientists,ourplantisgettingwarmer.IntheAlps,forexample,temperatureshaverisenanaverageof1-1.5degreesCelsius(1.8-3degreesFahrenheit)since1850.Duringthesameperiod,AlpineglaciersinSwitzerlandhavelostabouthalfoftheirvolume.Likewise,temperatureshavechangedintheTienShanMountainsinsouthernKazakhstan.Researcherstherehavediscoveredasmallriseintemperature,0.5degreesCelsius,overthelast50yearsandeventhisisenoughtoreduceglaciersdramaticallyovertime.Astemperatureshaveincreased,precipitationhasdecreased.Glaciersnolongerbuildupduringsnowywintermonthswhichalsocontributestotheirdecreaseinsizeoverinthelongrun.Thewarmingofourglobeisoftenblamedonhumanactivity,suchastheburningoffossilfuels,especiallyinindustrializednations.Automobileemissionsandindustrialwasteareincreasingthequantityofgreenhousegasesinouratmosphere,possiblycausingincreasedtemperatures.However,scientistshavenotdefinitivelytiedhumanactivitytothecurrenttemperaturerise.SomescientistsarguethatglobalwarmingmaybeanormaltrendoftheEarth'stemperatureviolations.Onetheoryarguesthatweareneartheendofaso-called"LittleIceAge",andthattheretreatoftheglaciersisanaturalresultofthiscycle.Whethernaturalorproducedbyhumans,thereislittlehopefortheimmediatefutureofglaciersasweknowthem.Direction:Completethesummarybelowbychoosingnomorethanthreewordsfromthepassage.Aroundtheworld,glaciersaredisappearing.ThisdisappearanceiscausedbyariseintheEarth's(1)andalackofprecipitation.Somescientiststhinkthatglobalwarmingisanatural(2)intheEarth'sclimate.Othersbelievethathuman'suseof(3)trapsgreenhousegasesintheatmosphereandincreasestemperatures.Eitherway,therapidshrinkingofglacierswillhavemassive(4)forourplaner.Atfirst,someofthesechangesmayappear(5)suchasincreasedproductionofhydroelectricpower.Overtime,however,glacialmeltingcouldbedevastating.

填空题As a result of all these factors, when the recession eases and people find more confidence, there will be an explosion of employees seeking new opportunities to escape their current jobs. This will be led by younger, less-experienced employees and the hard-headed young graduates. "Headhunters" confirm that older staff are still cautious, having seen so many good companies"go to the wall", and are reluctant to jeopardize their redundancy entitlements. Past experience, however, suggests that, once triggered, the expansion in recruitment will be very rapid. The problem which faces many organizations is one of strategic planning; of not knowing who will leave and who will stay. Often it is the best personnel who move on whilst the worst cling to the little security they have. This is clearly a problem for companies, who need a stable core on which to build strategies for future growth. Whilst this expansion in the recruitment market is likely to happen soon in Britain, most employers are simply not prepared. With the loss of middle management, in a static marketplace, personnel management and recruitment are often conducted by junior personnel. They have only known recession and lack the experience to plan ahead and to implement strategies for growth. This is true of many other functions, leaving companies without the skills, ability or vision to structure themselves for long-term growth. Without this ability to recruit competitively for strategic planning, and given the speed at which these changes ale likely to occur, a real crisis seems imminent. SUMMARY: Taking all of these various factors into consideration, when the economy picks up and people (1) , there will be a very rapid expansion in recruitment. Younger employees and graduates will lead the search for new jobs, older staff being more (2) . Not knowing who will leave creates a problem for companies; they need a (3) of personnel to plan and build future strategies. This is a serious matter, as (4) are often conducted by in-experienced staff, owing to the loss of many middle management positions. This inability to recruit strategically will leave many companies without the skills and vision to plan ahead and (5) to achieve long-term growth.

填空题For most average exercisers and athletes, sports drinks are not only a waste of your money, but more importantly, can actually worsen the health of most who use them. Less than one percent of those who use sports drinks actually benefit from them. Most sports drinks are loaded with things you DON'T want, like refined sugars, artificial colors and chemicals, none of which are in natural coconut water, which is a clear, light, refreshing liquid (95 percent water) extracted from young, green coconuts that have not reached maturity. If you exercise for 30 minutes a day at a moderate to high intensity, fresh, pure water is the best thing to help you stay hydrated. It's only when you've been exercising for longer periods, such as for more than 60 minutes, or in the heat, or at extreme intensity levels, where you are sweating profusely, that you may need something more than water to replenish your body in order to keep your body's proper electrolyte balance. If your electrolytes fall out of balance, you can suffer severe medical problems. That is because electrolytes are inorganic compounds that become ions in solution and have the capacity to conduct electricity. They are important for electrical signaling-and of course your brain, heart, muscles and nervous system are all bioelectrical systems. Besides plain water, coconut water is one of the best and safest options to rehydrate yourself after a strenuous workout. If you need the electrolytes, it will provide them. If you don't need them, then it certainly won't hurt you. And as you're learning, coconut water has a mountain of other health benefits in addition to rehydration, which no commercial sports drink in the world can provide. Depending on how much salt you've lost through sweating, you might even add a tiny pinch of natural Himalayan salt to your glass of coconut water. One study in 2007 found sodium-enriched coconut water to be as effective as commercial sports drinks for whole body rehydration after exercise, with less stomach upset. Coconut water is sterile when it comes out of the coconut, and extremely similar in composition to human blood plasma. These unique properties make it so completely compatible with the human body that it can be infused intravenously into your bloodstream. Physicians have actually used coconut water successfully as an intravenous fluid for more than 60 years, especially in remote regions of the world where medical supplies are limited and it has saved many lives. You can appreciate how safe and beneficial this natural beverage is, if it can be used intravenously!

填空题Real Madrid is first in the league and Real Betis is fifth while Osasuna is right between them. If Barcelona has more points than Celta Vigo and Ceha Vigo is exactly below Osasuna, then who is second?

填空题"I'vejustheardthatMike'smovedjobs,"saidJacktoPeter."Thestrangethingisthathe'smovedtoamuchsmallerfirmandhe'susuallysoambitious.Itdoesn'tsoundlikethekindofthinghe'ddo.Movingtoalargerfirmwouldbemuchmorehisstyle."Peterreplied,"Iwastalkingtohimbrieflylastnight,buthedidn'thavetimetogivemeanydetails.Hesaidhe'dtellmeallaboutitnexttimewemeet.Igatherthathestilllikedtheworkhewasdoing,butthemarketingdepartment,whereheworked,hadbecomearevolvingdoor.AlotofpeopleleftbeforeMikedidandtheirreplacementsaresayingnotimeatall.Thatmustbeveryunsettlingforeveryone."Justthen,Mikewalkedinandtheyaskedhimwhathadhappenedtomakehimchangejobs.Hebegantotellthemthebackgroundtohismove."Toputitinanutshell,it'sallthefaultofthenewmarketingdirector.Aboutsixmonthsago,managementdecidedthatasacompanywedidn'thaveahighenoughprofileandtheygotridofJeffJones,whowasheadofmarketing,andappointedsomeonetoimprovetheimageofthecompany.Unfortunately,thenewbroomisoneofthosepeoplewhotakesaninstantdisliketosomepeopleandsetsouttomaketheirlivesamisery.Idon'tknowwhathe'sdoneforthepublicimageofthefirm,butmoralehashitrockbottom.It'sparticularlysadbecauseJeffJoneswasagoodbossanditwasaveryhappydepartmentwhenhewasthere."Petersaid,"That'sdreadful.It'sverydifficulttoworkundersuchcircumstances.Howdidyougetonwithhim?""Igotonwithhimallright,Isuppose,buthismoodcouldchangefromoneminutetoanother.Noneofusknewwherewestoodwithhim.IdecidedearlyontogetoutwhilethegoingwasgoodandwasluckyenoughtogetajobwithSmith＆Jones.They'reamuchsmallercompany,butyoucanseethatthey'regoingplace.Theytreattheirstaffwellandsotheystayaround.""Itmightbeintheendagoodcareermove,then,"saidJack."Perhapshedidyouafavour,afterall.""Certainly,"saidJack."I'vetakenacutinsalaryatthemoment,butlookingatthebigpictureIcanseethatmypromotionprospectsaremuchbetter.""Youwouldn'tgobacktoyouroldjobifthisnewmanleft,then?"askedPeter."Afterthewaymanagementlethimtreatus?"askedMike."Youmustbejoking!"HiPaul,I'vejustchangedjobs.I'vemovedto(66),SmithandJones,andwilltakeapaycutbutit'sworthitasthe(67)aremuchbetterhere.Themainreasonforleavingtheoldcompanyisthatthenewmarketingdirectorhadturnedtheofficeenvironmentfromahappyonetoonewithlow(68).Ifhedislikedsomeone,hewouldmake(69).ThoughI(70)him,Icouldn'tbesurewhenwouldturnonme.SoIdecidedtoleave.Wishmeluck.Cheers,Mike

填空题 In this section, you will hear a course about Physical Education information. It will be played only once. For answers 21 - 30, complete the notes. You will need to write a word or a short phrase. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. The physical fitness instructor's course is offered as a {{U}}(21) {{/U}} This employment must be {{U}}(22) {{/U}} to sports administration. For the {{U}}(23) {{/U}} we offer a one-year diploma course. Physical Education Teacher course needs {{U}}(24) {{/U}} as it is entered directly by school leavers. A six-month certificate is offered for the {{U}}(25) {{/U}}. A Physical Fitness Instructor works in health and fitness centers {{U}}(26) {{/U}} for ordinary members of the public. The duties for Sports Administrators include booking {{U}}(27) {{/U}} Sports Psychologists spend time with professional athletes helping them approach competition with a {{U}}(28) {{/U}} PE Teachers instruct young students in how to {{U}}(29) {{/U}} and do other recreational activities correctly and safely. The aim for the recreation officers is to raise people's awareness of healthy lifestyles and {{U}}(30) {{/U}}

填空题 As every schoolboy knows, insects pollinate flowers, while birds and mammals disperse seeds by eating fruits or transporting burs on their feathers and fur. These are examples of co-evolution, a phenomenon first described by Charles Darwin in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, published in 1871. Co-evolution, in which two species have evolved together in response to adaptations that each has imposed on the other, can be extremely subtle. For instance, some animals may help to transfer pollen from one plant to another without acting directly as the carrier themselves. Instead, they make it easier for the pollen to be dispersed by other creatures. Mats Olsson and Richard Shine, of the University of Sydney, and Elisabeth Bak-Olsson, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, have discovered, apparently for the first time, such a mutually beneficial arrangement between a reptile and a plant. For most of the year the Tasmanian snow skink lizard confined to mountain tops in that island is catholic in what it eats. But when the honey-bush is in bloom, the skinks make a point of tearing off the tough, red petals that enclose the rest of the flower. They chew them to extract the nectar and spit out what is left. At first sight, this skink-savaging may not seem all that helpful to the honey-bush. But it is. It exposes the reproductive parts of the flowers, thereby allowing pollinating insects to get at them. Dr. Olsson and his colleagues found that flowers with the petals left intact never produced seed. But, according to their paper in the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 87% of flowers with the petals torn off did so. To check that it was the skinks alone that were the plants' little helpers, the researchers placed cages around some honey-bushes. Virtually all of the petals were removed from the flowers on bushes without cages. Only 16% of the caged bushes had their petals ripped off, possibly by high winds battering them. Dr Olsson found no evidence of pollen being carried on a skink and so concluded that the lizards play no role in transporting honey-bush pollen from one flower to another. But he did see a range of insects: wasps, flies, bumble-bees and others feeding from honey-bush flowers that had no petals covering them. Without the petals removed, it was impossible for insects to do any pollinating. Co-evolution is {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}described by Charles Darwin in The Descent of Man. In the process of co-evolution, two species may have to respond to adaptations they have imposed on each other. For example, some animals may not carry {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}from one plant to another. They may help by making it easier for other creatures to disperse the pollen from one plant to another. Such an arrangement seems {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}to both species. In Tasmania, the skink lizards chew the red petals of {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}and spit out what is left. In doing so, they expose the reproductive parts of the flower and enable pollinating insects to reach them. It was discovered that 87% of these flowers produced seeds. Conversely, flowers with petals remaining {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}never did.

填空题Because Atlas courses start every Monday of the year, there's bound to be one that fits in with your academic, personal or professional commitments. Whatever your level of language ability, from beginner to advanced, you can choose to study for any length of time, from two weeks to a full year. Courses match a range of individual requirements, from intensive examination preparation to short summer programmes. Most courses commence at 9 am and run till 3 pm. If you take an intensive full-time course, we will help you to select the Special Interest Options which best suit your goals. From then on, our teacher will discuss your work with you on a weekly basis. This means that you should develop the language skills you need—and that you are helped to study at your own pace. The popularity and success of any language school depend greatly on the quality of the teachers and the methods they employ. All Atlas teachers have specialist qualifications in the teaching of English to foreign students and are all native speakers. We employ only experienced professionals with a proven record of success in the classroom. Atlas's teaching methodology is constantly revised as more is discovered about the process of learning a new language. Our teachers have access to an extensive range of materials, including the very latest in language teaching technology. On your first day at school, you will take a test which enables our Director of Studies to place you at the appropriate study level. Your progress will be continuously assessed and, once you have achieved specific linguistic goals, you will move up to a higher level of study. Every Atlas course fee includes accommodation in carefully selected homestay families. Breakfast and dinner each day are also included, so you need have no concerns about having to look for somewhere to live once you get to the school. On completion of any Intensive, Examination or Summer course, you will receive the Atlas Course Certificate of Attendance. On completion of a four-week course or longer you will also receive the Atlas Academic Record that reflects your ability in every aspect of the language from conversation to writing. Such a record will allow you to present your linguistic credentials to academic institution or potential employers around the world. SUMMARY: Atlas courses are to fit in with your various (51) . If you take intensive full-time courses teachers there will discuss your work with you weekly. Due to wide acquaintance with progress in concerning field, Atlas is quick at (52) its teaching methodology. On your arrival at the school, a (53) will be taken to determine your appropriate starting level. As to accommodation, Atlas will arrange (54) families for you, where breakfast and dinner will be prepared for you. On your completion in Atlas, academic records will be offered to present your (55)

填空题A Dutch Sinologist has spent more than 50 years studying the country"s language, and classic literature. 1 As a child, the vivid descriptions of China in Nobel and Pulitzer Prize-winner Pearl S. Buck"s books sparked Idema"s interest in the country. He later read classic Chinese literature and spent whole days pouring through works at the National Library of China. The 70-year-old Dutch Sinologist recalled his half-century-long romance with Chinese culture during a recent visit to Beijing. Idema was the only Sinologist invited this year to participate in the Oriental Culture Research Program, an annual project hosted by the China International Culture Association. Idema has served as the director of the Chinese Languages and Cultures Department at Leiden University of the Netherlands and was also director of Harvard"s Fairbank Center for East Asian Research. 2 Idema began learning Mandarin during middle school, because he wanted to learn a language that "has a long history yet is still active today". "Back then, I knew little about China," says Idema, whose early influences include Dutch Sinologist and author Robert van Gulik. 3 Finding opportunities to practice the language at the school was a huge challenge. "There were actually no Chinese-speaking teachers in our university at the time, and it was also impossible for us to study in China for political reasons," he explains. "So when I graduated from college, I couldn"t even speak a single sentence in Chinese, though I was able to read and write in it fluently." 4 Idema discovered his passion for traditional Chinese plays after a Japanese professor introduced him to some works from the Yuan Dynasty (1271—1368). He soon began translating them into Western languages. Idema says it took him some time to really appreciate the poetic lyrics in the plays, which are closely associated with traditional Chinese poetry and have high aesthetic value. Idema first visited China in 1978. As one of the few Westerners who understood Chinese language and culture, he was invited to work as a guide and interpreter for a tourist delegation. While he recalls the backwardness of China in the late 1970s, Idema says he is impressed with the rapid development of the country over the last few decades. He has visited the county several times to study and teach. He vividly remembers the "China mania" in the West when the country opened up in the 1980s, and the flood of new materials about ancient Chinese culture that appeared in the West. 5 "There were scholars studying law, religion and society, but not traditional Chinese literature, which was my personal interest," Idema explains. Finding reference books for his research, especially regional publications, used to be a huge challenge, and Idema used to spend a lot of time collecting books and other materials during visits to China. "With the internet now, it is much more convenient," says ldema. "Traditional Chinese culture is a passion. I have been studying it for 50 years and will continue to do so," says the retired professor. A. Idema later studied Chinese culture at Leiden University. B. In recent years, he has devoted himself to translating Chinese folk tales and writing about Chinese folk society and folk culture. C. While many other experts on China focused on the country"s economic transformation, Idema continued to study traditional Chinese literature. D. For Wilt Idema, books are the best guides in life. E. He has studied ancient Chinese plays, novels and literature, and has authored or translated a number of influential books published in English and other languages. F. Idema usually chooses less-known subjects for his research and tries to get firsthand materials. G. Idema continued his academic pursuits in Japan, where he became familiar with the similarities between the Japanese and Chinese languages.

填空题EachtimeIhearsomeonesay,"Dothemath,"Igritmyteeth.Thephrasereinforceshowlittleawarenessthereisaboutthebreadthandscopeofthesubject.Imagine,ifyouwill,using"Dothelit"asanexhortationtospellcorrectly.1Ideasthatinformourexistence,thatpermeateouruniverseandbeyond,thatcansurpriseandenthrall.Perhapsthemostintriguingifthereisthewayinfinityisharnessedtodealwiththeinfiniterangeofdecimalnumbers—awonderproductofferedbymathematicstosatisfyanymeasurementneeded,downtoanarbitrarynumberofdigits.2Onecandevelopafairlygoodunderstandingofthepowerandeleganceofcalculus,say,withoutactuallybeingabletouseittosolvescientificorengineeringproblems.Thinkofitthisway:youcanappreciateartwithoutacquiringtheabilitytopaint,orenjoyasymphonywithoutbeingabletoreadmusic.Mathalsodeservestobeenjoyedforitsownsake.3Sowhatmathideacanbeappreciatedwithoutcalculationorformulas?Onecandidateistheoriginofnumbers.Thinkofitasamagictrick:harnessingemptinesstocreatethenumberzero,thendemonstratinghowfromanywholenumber,onecancreateitssuccessor.Onefromzero,twofromone,threefromtwo—achainreactionofnumberseruptsintoexistence.IstillrememberwhenIfirstexperiencedthisBigBangofnumbers.ThewallsofmyBombayclassroomseemedtoblowaway,asnascentcardinalnumbersstreakedthroughspace.4Icanalmostimagineayogainstructoraskingaclasstomediateonwhatwouldhappenifthenumberofsideskeptincreasingindefinitely.Eventually,thesidesshrinksomuchthatthekinksstartflatteringoutandtheperimeterbeginstoappearcurved.Andthenyouseeit:whatwillemergeisacircle,whileatthesametimethepolygoncanneveractuallybecomeone.Therealizationisexhilarating—itlightsuppleasurecentresinyourbrain.Thisunderlyingconceptofalimitisoneuponwhichallofcalculusisbuilt.5Forinstance,enjoyingtheeyecandyoffractalimages—thoseblack,amoebalikesplotchessurroundedbybrandsofpsychedeliccolors—hardlyqualifiesasmakingamathconnection.Butsupposeyouknewthatsuchanimagedepictsamathematicalrulethatpluckseverypointfromitsspotandmovesit.Imaginethisruleappliedoverandoveragain,sothateverypointhopsfromlocationtolocation.The"amoeba"comprisesthosewell-behavedpointsthatremainhoppingaroundwithinthisblackregion,whilethecoloredpointsaremoreadventurous,lopingofftowardinfinity.Notonlydoesthepictureacquiremorerichnessandmeaningwiththisknowledge,itsuddenlychurnswithdrama,withactivity.Wouldyoubeintriguedenoughtofindoutmore—forinstance,whatthedifferentshadesofcolorsignified?WouldtheBigBangexamplemakeyouwonderwherenegativenumberscamefrom?Couldthethrillofrecognizingthecircleasalimitofpolygonslureyouintovisualizingthesphereasastackofitscircularcrosssections,asArchimedesdidover2,000yearago?ChoosefromthesentencesA—Gtheonewhichbestfitseachgapof61—65.Therearetwoextrasentences,whichyoudonotneedtouse.A.Asamathematician,Icanattestthatmyfieldisaboutideasaboveanythingelse.B.Perhapsjustassignificant,prioritycandecidewhoreapsthefinancialbenefitsofanewdiscovery.C.Themoredeeplyyouengagewithsuchideas,themorerewardingtheexperienceis.D.Foramorecontemplativeexample,gazeatasequenceofregularpolygons:ahexagon,anoctagon,adecagon,andsoon.E.Sadly,fewavenuesexistinoursocietytoexposeustomathematicalbeauty.F.Despitewhatmostpeoplesuppose,manyprofoundmathematicalideasdon"trequireadvancedskillstoappreciate.G.Asascientist,Ihaveseenmanyerroneous"discoveries"—includingoneofmyown—greetedwithsubstantialpublicity.