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问答题分析我国巨额外贸顺差产生的主要原因及其影响。

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问答题浮动汇率、资本自由流动情况下对国内产品的世界需求暂时减少后如何维持充分就业?不同政策手段的效应有何区别?

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问答题仓至仓条款

问答题H进出口公司向泰国某公司出口一批电器电料，国外开来信用证有关条款规定：“电器电料100箱，从中国港口至曼谷。禁止分批装运和转运。全套清洁已装船提单，注明‘运费已付’，发货人抬头背书K.T.银行，通知买方。H公司审证无误后，即装集装箱运输，随后备妥善各种单据向银行交单，要求付款。但却遭到开证行拒付。其理由是我方提交的是“联合运输单据”，不符合信用证不许转运的要求。 开证行拒付是否合理?为什么?

问答题简述构成一项有效发盘的必要条件，据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》规定，发盘可否撤回与撤销?

问答题UN upgrades world economic prospects for 2010—2011, sees uneven global recovery. A new United Nations (UN) report published on Wednesday (November 24, 2010) said that the world economy is poised to recover from last year" s crunch with up to three percent growth this year and 3.2 percent improvement by next year, while warning at the same time that only a solid recovery could recoup job losses and fill the production backlog created by the deep recession. The revised 2010 World Economic Situation and Prospects report said that a great majority of the world"s economy had experienced positive growth in the latter part of 2009 and first part of 2010, largely supported by governments" fiscal stimulus packages and expansionary monetary policies. It also said that strong governments support from around the world has mostly stabilized global financial markets while noting at the same time that by mid-part of 2010, systemic risks in the word inimical system have been halted and risk premiums in most of credit market segments have subsided to pre-crisis levels. However, the report made it clear that the economic recovery has been advancing at different pace across the world as it cited that growth prospects in some developing nations may be encouraging but "economic activity is lackluster in developed economies and below potential elsewhere in the developing world". The report is projecting too that unemployment rate would maintain its high ante incidence for a much longer period in most of the developed nations whiles workers in developing countries would be forced to take on vulnerable employment conditions as the number of the working poor should spike further. It stressed that thanks to the Greek fiscal crisis which has now advanced into a eurozone crisis issue, a dismal economic for the whole of Europe is already in the offing and leaving note at the same time that global economic recovery would likely be spearheaded by developing nations such as China and India. The report is upbeat though that the United States eccnomy, which is the world"s largest, would advance by 2.9 percent this year but would slow down a bit in 2011 expecting to grow only by 2.5 percent. It also cited that Japan appears to be still reeling from the oil crisis seen in the 1970s as economy contracted by more than five percent in 2009 and expected to average a mere 1. B percent over the next two years. The UN study wrapped up its report with projections of 4.7 percent and 5. B percent growths in 2010 and 2011 respectively for Africa while in Latin America. GDP growths were projected to soar by four percent and 3.9 percent in respective same periods, as it noted that both continents" economics have seen contractions of more than two percent in 2009.

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问答题简述五种竞争力模型的五种竞争压力来源。

问答题阅读案例：“芬兰诺基亚的崛起”，并回答问题。 案例：芬兰诺基亚的崛起 移动电话(手机)设备产业是20世纪90年代成长最快的产业之一。 诺基亚在手机销售市场中占支配地位。诺基亚的根基在芬兰，一个人们在谈论尖端技术公司时通常想不到的国家。80年代，诺基亚是芬兰一家从事各种杂乱业务的联合企业，其业务包括头饰制造、造纸、消费电器和电子通信设备，到2002年它成为一家专业的远距离通信设备制造商，销售额逾300亿美元，盈利超过50亿美元。这个先前的联合企业是怎样在手机设备产业中取得全球领导地位的?多数的回答归因于芬兰和其北欧邻国的历史、地理及政治经济。 事情发生在1981年，当时北欧一些国家创建了世界上第一个国际移动电话网络。它们有充分的理由成为开拓者，在人口稀少、荒凉的寒冷地区，安置传统的有线电话服务成本太高，这使电子通信更有价值。当人们驾车通过寒冷的北极，或者偏远的北方地区的房主在遭遇恶劣气候时需要通过电话请求帮助，结果瑞典、挪威和芬兰成为世界上采用移动电子通信的第一批国家。例如，它们发现在遥远的北方偏远地区，传统有线服务的每部电话用户成本达到800美元以上，而同一地区无线移动电话服务的每个用户成本只有500美元。到1994年，斯堪的纳维亚12％的人口拥有了手机，相比之下，美同这个世界第二大市场只有不足6％的用户拥有手机。这种领先地位继续保持，到2002年底，芬兰85％的人口拥有手机，而美国只有55％。 作为长期从事电子通信设备的供应商，诺基亚利用这方面的发展作了正确的定位，而且芬兰的其他要素也有助于诺基亚发展它的竞争优势。芬兰与其他发达围家不同，从来没有一个全国性电话垄断公司，围家电话服务长期由大约50家自治的地方电话公司提供，这些公司由公民投票选出的委员会制定价格(自然意味着低价)。这批独立的、成本意识很强的电话服务提供者使得诺基亚在本国不得不居安思危。由于芬兰人典型的实用主义观念，这些电话公司一直愿意从最低成本供应商那里采购，不管是诺基亚、爱立信、摩托罗拉还是其他公司。这种情况与大多数发达国家盛行的做法形成鲜明对照，一直到80年代末和90年代初，发达国家的国内电话垄断商通常从占统治地位的当地供应商那里购买没备或自己制造。诺基亚面对这种竞争压力，尽一切可能降低成本，同时继续开发尖端的移动电话技术。这些压力的结果是明显的，现在诺基亚是数字移动电话技术的领导者，领导了未来的潮流。现在很多人认为芬兰是无线电话服务的主要市场。如果想看无线电话的未来，不必去纽约或旧金山，到赫尔辛基吧，在那里芬兰人不仅用手机通话，还用它浏览网贞、进行电子商务交易、控制家用取暖和照明系统、从支持手机的自动售货机购买可乐。诺基亚已经获得这样的领导地位是因为斯堪的纳维亚地区开始转向数字技术比其他国家和地区早五年。受成本意识强的消费者的激发，如今诺基亚在世界手机设备生产商中成本结构是最低的，这使它成为比摩托罗拉(其在全球最大的竞争对手)更有盈利能力的企业。 问题：