单选题It"s pretty windy. You"d better______your hat.

单选题Language is not merely a neutral medium for the conveying of information; it can trigger emotional responses which may______prejudice, stereotyping or misunderstanding.

单选题When she saw how frightened he was at his mistake, her anger began to______.

单选题The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy , in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage. Keasey"s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor"s action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann"s pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won"t fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann feel bad." Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments. Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.

单选题Passage B "How many copies do you want printed, Mr. Greeley?" "Five thousand!" The answer was snapped back without hesitation. "But, sir," the press foreman protested, "we have subscriptions for only five hundred newspapers. "We'll sell them or give them away." The presses started rolling, sending a thundering noise out over the sleeping streets of New York City. The New York Tribune was born. The newspaper's founder, owner, and editor, Horace Greeley, anxiously snatched the first copy as it came sliding off the press. This was his dream of many years that he held in his hand. It was as precious as a child. Its birth was the result of years of poverty, hard work, and disappointments. Hard luck and misfortune had followed Horace all his life. He was born of poor parents on February 3,1811, on a small farm in New Hampshire. During his early childhood, the Greeley family rarely had enough to eat. They moved from one farm to another because they could not pay their debts. Young Horace's only boyhood fun was reading—when he could snatch a few moments during a long working day. The printed word always fascinated Horace. When he was only ten years old, he applied for a job as an apprentice in a printing shop. But he didn't get the job because he was too young. Four years later, Horace walked eleven miles to East Poultney in Vermont to answer an ad. A paper called the Northern Spectator had a job for a boy. The editor asked him why he wanted to boa printer, Horace spoke up boldly: "Because, sir, I want to learn all I can about newspapers. " The editor looked at the oddly dressed boy. Finally he said, "You've got the job, son." For the first six months, room and board would be the only pay for his work. After that, he would get room and board and forty dollars a year. Horace hurried home to shout the good news to his family. When he got there, he learned that his family was about to move again—this time to Pennsylvania. Horace decided to stay and work. Mrs. Greeley hated leaving her son behind, but gave her consent. Twice during his apprenticeship Horace walked six hundred miles to visit his family. Each time, he took all the money he had saved and gave it to his father. The Spectator failed after Horace had spent four years working for it. He joined his family in Erie, Pennsylvania, and got a job on the Erie Gazette. Half the money he earned he gave to his family. The other half he saved to go to New York. When he was twenty, Horance arrived in New York with ten dollars in his pocket. He was turned down twice when he asked for a job. Finally he became a typesetter for John T. West's Printery. The only reason Horace got the job was that it was so difficult other printers wouldn't take it. His job was to set a very small edition of the Bible. Horace almost mined his eyes at that job. As young Greeley's skill grew, better jobs came his way. He could have bought better clothes and moved out of his dingy room. But he was used to being poor, and his habits did not change. He spent practically nothing on himself Even after his Tribune became a success, he lived as if he hadn't enough money for his next meal. The Tribune grew and thrived. It was unlike any newspaper ever printed before in the United States. Greeley started a new type of journalism. His news stories were truthful and accurate. His editorials were attacked as well as praised. Many people disagreed with what he wrote, but still they read it. The Tribune became America's first nationwide newspaper. It was read as eagerly in the Midwest and Far West as it was in the East. Greeley's thundering editorials became the most powerful voice in theland. Greeley and his Tribune fought for many causes. He was the first to come out for the right of women to vote. His Tribune was the leader in demanding protection for homesteads in the West. He aroused the north in the fight against slavery. During a depression in the East, jobless men asked what they could do to support themselves. Said Greeley: "Go West, young man, go West!" As the Tribune gained more power, Greeley became more interested in politics He led in forming and naming the Republican party. He, more than any other man, was responsible for Abraham Lincoln's being named to run for President. Horace Greeley was first of all a successful newspaperman. He was also a powerful political leader. But he was not a popular man. In 1872 he ran for President against Ulysses S. Grant. Grant was re-elected by an overwhelming margin. Greeley then in deep mourning over the recent death of his wife. He was heart broken over losing the election. He never recovered from the double blow only weeks after his defeat, he died in New York City. His beloved Tribune lived on after him as the monument he wanted. Just before died, he wrote: "I cherish the hope that the journal I projected and established will live and flourish long after I shall have mouldered into forgotten dust, and that the stone that covers my ashes may bear to future eyes the still intelligible inscription, Founder of the New York Tribune./

单选题Overpopulation has greatly ______ the development of this city.

单选题In January the Swiss National Bank abandoned its attempts to stop the franc from appreciating against the euro by printing and selling francs in vast quantities instead it resorted to negative interest rates to deter investors from buying francs.

单选题Whatever the ______thinks of Turkey's actions, it cannot distance itself from its ______without jeopardizing the integrity of its obligations.

单选题Investigators of monkeys" social behavior have always been struck by monkeys" aggressive potential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior. Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys" social behavior. Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment; hungry monkeys would fight over food, thirsty monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, any time more than one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form of aggression. However, the motivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwick"s on the reduction of space or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intra-group aggression. Indeed, food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression. Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging, with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group. Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition. These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships. When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization, the newcomer meets even more serious aggression. Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the second case resident animals mob the intruder, thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit. The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect, if only because the group divides its attention among the multiple targets. If, however, the several animals introduced to a group constitute their own social unit, each group may fight the opposing group as a unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack, and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat. The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack. Monkey groups therefore see to be organized primarily to maintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.

单选题He had lived illegally in the United States for five years after his visitor's visa ______. A. expired B. abolished C. amended D. constrained

单选题King Wu died shortly after the conquest, ______.

单选题The assistant"s obsequious manner drove the other employees wild.

单选题Chen warned against the possibility of home prices rebounding when low interest rates are adopted to mitigate inflation.

单选题The Senate Republicans, outraged by their treatment, were in a bellicose mood.

单选题Investors believe energy prices will rise. Food prices will also continue to rise. Households have no doubt about this. Other prices and wages will automatically follow suit.

单选题Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour.

单选题Lebanese President Michel Suleiman welcomes his Iranian counterpart Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to Beirut for an official visit on October

单选题The ______ of mass literacy coincided with the first industrial revolution; in turn, the new expansion in literacy, as well as cheaper printing, helped to nurture the ______ of popular literature.

单选题Home currency was to be devalued or revalued only in the case of continuing deficits or surpluses, respectively, however, countries were______to any adjustment in the parity.

单选题Passage 4 In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again—by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etC. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century "free enterprise" capitalism.7 Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.