写作题to produce a clean fair copy. 

写作题1

写作题Write an essay about 400 words to state your view on the following topic: Good Manners【】 In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details’ . In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 【】Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.

问答题Directions: In this section, there are two passages, each with five questions. Read the passages carefully. Then answer the questions by using the information from each passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage FOURInterviewSo what have they taught you at college about interviews? Some courses go to town on , it, others do very little. You may get conflicting advice. Only one thing is certain: the key to success is preparation.There follow some useful suggestions from a teacher training course coordinator, a head of department and a head teacher. As they appear to be in complete harmony with one another despite never having met, we may take their advice seriously.Oxford Brookes University’ s approach to the business of application and interview focuses on research and rehearsal. Training course coordinator Brenda Stevens speaks of the value of getting students to deconstruct the advertisement, see what they can offer to that school, and that situation, and then write the letter, do their CVs and criticize each other’ s. Finally, they role play interviewer and interviewee.This is sterling stuff, and Brookes students spend a couple of weeks on it. ‘: The better prepared students won’ t be thrown by nerves on the day, says Ms Stevens,They’ll have their strategies and questions worked out. She also says the better the student, the worse the interviewee. She believes the most capable students are less able to put themselves forward. Even if this were true, says Ms Stevens, you must still make your own case.Beware of infernality, she advises. One aspirant teacher, now a head of department at a smart secondary school, failed his first job interview because he took his jacket off while waiting for his appointment. It was hot and everyone in the staffroom was in shirtsleeves but at the end of the day they criticized his casual attitude, which they had deduced from the fact that he took his jacket off in the staffroom, even though he put it back on for the interview.Incidentally, men really do have to wear a suit to the interview and women really cannot wear jeans, even if men never wear the suit again and women teach most days in jeans. Panels respond instantly to these indicators. But beware: it will not please them any better if you are too smart.Find out about the people who will talk to you. In the early meetings they are likely to be heads of departments or heads of year. Often they may be concerned with pastoral matters. It makes sense to know their priorities and let them hear the things about you that they want to hear.During preliminary meetings you may be seen in groups with two or three other applicants and you must demonstrate that you know your stuff without putting your companions down. The interviewers will be watching how you work with a team. But remember the warning about informality: however friendly and co-operative the other participants are, do not give way to the idea that you are there just to be friends.Routine questions can be rehearsed, but don’ t go on too long, advises the department head. They may well ask:What have been your worst/best moments when teaching?, or want you to talk about some good teaching you have done. The experts agree you should recognize your weaknesses and offer a strategy for overcoming them, I know I’ ve got to work on classroom management—I would hope for some help, perhaps. No one expects a new teacher to know it all, but they hope for an objective appraisal of capabilities.Be warned against inexpert questioning. You may be asked questions in such a way that’ , it seems impossible to present your best features. Some questions may be plain Silly, asked perhaps by people on the panel who are from outside the situation. Do not be thrown, have ways of circumnavigating it, and never, ever let them see that you think they have said something foolish.You will almost certainly be asked how you see the future and it is important to have a good answer prepared. Some people are put off by being asked what they expect to be doing in five or ten years’ time. On your preliminary visit, says the department head, be sure to give them a bit of an interview of your own, to see the direction the department is going and what you could contribute to it.The headteacher offers his thoughts in a nine-point plan. Iron the application form! Then it stands out from everyone else’ s, which have been folded and battered in the post. It gives an initial impression which may get your application to the top of the pile. Ensure that your application is tailored to the particular school. Make the head feel you are writing directly to him or her. Put yourself at ease before you meet the interviewing panel: if you are nervous, you will talk too quickly. Before you enter the room, remember that the people are human beings too; take away the mystique of their roles. Listen. There is a danger of not hearing accurately what is being said. Make eye contact with the speakers, and with everyone in the room. Allow your warmth and humanity to be seen. A sense of humor is very important. Have a portfolio of your work that can link theory to practice Many schools want you to show work. For a primary appointment, give examples from the range of the curriculum, not just art. (For this reason, taking pictures on your teaching practice is important. ) Prepare yourself in case you are asked to give a talk. Have prompt cards ready, and don’ t waffle. Your speech must be clear and articulate, with correct grammar. This is important: they want to hear you and they want to hear how well you can communicate with children. Believe in yourself and have confidence. Some of the people asking the questions don’ t know much about what you do. Be ready to help them.Thus armed, you should have no difficulty at all. Good luck and keep your jacket on!

问答题Read the following two paragraphs with contradicting views, and write a passage on the issue. You should clearly state your opinion and explain the reasons for your opinion. You should write about 400 words.

问答题Nowadays, with the rapid development of economy in China,existing cities are growing bigger and new cities are appearing. What do you think is ONE of the major problems that may result from this process of urbanization? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled: ONE MAJOR PROBLEM IN THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION.Nowadays, with the rapid development of economy in China,existing cities are growing bigger and new cities are appearing. What do you think is ONE of the major problems that may result from this process of urbanization? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled: ONE MAJOR PROBLEM IN THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION.

问答题Weibo, micro-blog or the Chinese Twitter, ranking as the most powerful media outlet in China, has experienced its boom in the last few years, with a dramatic increase of its registration and popularity. Millions of Chinese people, from governmental officials to celebrities, rush to launch their Weibo, sharing their lives with other people online.【】 Write a composition of about 400 words about this phenomenon and your opinion about it.

问答题John Nichnlson talks about why we make friends in “Befriending”, and he argues that researches on friendship have established a number of facts. The word “friendship” is misused by many people today. Nodding acquaintances, or persons one meets for the first time. Without even knowing their names are often categorized as “friends”. But in fact, the definition of a true friend is much narrower.Write an essay of about 500 words on the following topic:The Value of True Friendship

问答题You should write no less than 400 words. Write your article on the ANSWER SHEET.

问答题Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage, Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheetThose examples of poetic justice that occur in medieval and Elizabethan literature, and that seem so satisfying, have encouraged a whole school of twentieth-century scholars to “find” further examples. In fact, these scholars have merely forced victimized character into a moral framework by which the injustices inflicted on them are, somehow or other, justified. Such scholars deny that the sufferers in a tragedy are innocent; they blame the victims themselves for their tragic fates. Any misdoing is enough to subject a character to critical whips, Thus, there are long essays about the misdemeanors of Webster’ s Duchess of Mlafi, who defined her brothers, and he behavior of Shakespeare’ s Desdemona, who disobeyed her father.Yet it should be remembered that the Renaissance writer Matteo Bandello strongly protests the injustice of the severe penalties issued to women for acts of disobedience that men could, and did, commit with virtual impunity. And Shakespeare, Chaucer and Webster often enlist their readers on the side of their tragic heroines by describing injustices so cruel that readers cannot but join in protest. By portraying Griselda, in the Clerk’ s Tale, as a meek, gentle victim who does not criticize, much less rebel against the prosecutor, her husband Walter, Chaucer incites readers to espouse Griselda’ s cause against Waiter’ s oppression. Thus, efforts to supply historical and theological rationalization for Walter’ s persecutions tend to turn Chaucer’ s fable upside down, to deny its most obvious effect on reader’ s sympathies. Similarly, to assert that Webster’ s Duchess deserved torture and death because she chose to marry the man she loved and to bear their children is, in effect to join forces with her tyrannical brothers, and so to confound the operation of poetic justice, of which readers should approve, with precisely those examples of social injustice that Webster does everything in his power to make readers condemn. Indeed. Webster has his heroin so heroically lead the resistance to tyranny that she may weft in spire members of the audience to imaginatively join forces with her against the cruelty and hypocritical morality of her brothers.Thus Chaucer and Webster, in their different ways, attack injustice, argue on behalf of the victims, and prosecute the persecutors. Their readers serve them as a court of appeal that remains free to rule, as the evidence requires, and as common humanity requires, in favor of the innocent and injured parties. For, to paraphrase the noted eighteenth-century scholar, Samuel Johnson, despite all the refinements of subtlety and the dogmatism of learning, it is by the common sense and compassion of readers who are uncorrupted by the characters and situations in medieval and Elizabethan literature, as in any other literature, can best be judged.

问答题Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with five questions. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions. Write your answers on the answer sheet.During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women’ s organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored.These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women’ s history in the United States one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radeliffé College, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the great women theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on great men. To demonstrate that I women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women’ s right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.Questions:

问答题Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.【】To change is to risk something, making us feel insecure. Not to change is a bigger risk, though we seldom feel that way. There is no choice but to change. People, however, cannot be motivated to change from the outside. All of our motivation comes from within. (Adapted from Ward Sybouts, "Planning in School Administration: A Handbook")【】Assignment: What motivates people to change? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations. Your essay should be no less than 300 words. 

问答题Big cities like Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou have been the top choices for many university graduates. But in recent years, much greater pressure of living in those big cities has made some people especially young men think about working in a smaller one. What is your opinion? State your viewpoint clearly and adequately.【】Write on ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 400 words on the following topic:【】Working in Small Cities vs. Big Cities 

问答题the instructions may result in a loss of marks. 

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问答题Directions: Read the following passages and then answer INCOMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow eachpassage, Use only information from the passage you havejust read and write your answer in the corresponding spacein your answer sheet.Teachers, it is thought, benefit from the practice ofreflection, the conscious act of thinking deeply about andcarefully examining the interactions and events withintheir own classrooms. Educators T. Wildman and J. Niles(1987) describe a scheme for developing reflectivepractice in experienced teachers. This was justified bythe view that reflective practice could help teachers tofeel more intellectually involved in their role and workin teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity ofscientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in thediscipline of teaching.Wildman and Niles were particularly interested ininvestigating the conditions under which reflection mightflourish-a subject on which there is little guidance theliterature. They designed an experimental strategy for agroup of teachers in Virginia and worked with 40practicing teachers over several years. They wereconcerned that many would be “drawn to these new,refreshing conceptions of teaching only to find that thevoid between the abstractions and the realities of teacherreflection is too great to bridge. Reflection on a complextask such as teaching is not easy. The teachers were takenthrough a program of talking about teaching events, movingon to reflecting about specific issue in a supported andlater an independent manner.Wildman and Niles observed that systematic reflection onteaching required a sound ability to understand classroomevents in an objective manner. They describe the initialunderstanding in the teachers with whom they were workingas being “utilitarian. . . and not rich or detailed enoughto drive systematic reflection. ” Teachers rarely have thetime or opportunities to view their own or the teaching ofothers in an objective manner. Further observationrevealed the tendency of teachers to evaluate eventsrather than review, the contributory, factors in aconsidered manner by, in effect, standing outside thesituation.Helping this group of teachers to revise their thinkingabout classroom events became central. This process tooktime and patience and effective trainers. The researchersestimate that the initial training of the same teachers toview events objectively took between 20 and 30 hours, withthe same number of hours again being required to practicethe skills of reflection.Wildman and Niles identify three principles thatfacilitate reflective practice in a teaching situation.The first is support from administrators in an educationsystem, enabling teachers to understand the requirementsof reflective practice and how it relates to teachingstudents. The second is the availability of sufficienttime and space. The teachers in the program described howthey found it difficult to put aside the immediate demandsof others in order to give themselves the time they neededto develop their reflective skills. The third is thedevelopment of a collaborative environment with supportfrom other teachers. Support and encouragement were alsorequired to help teachers in the program cope with aspectsof their professional life with which they were notcomfortable. Wildman and Niles make a summary comment:“Perhaps the most important thing we learned is the ideaof the teacher-as-reflective-practitioner will not happensimply because it is a good or even compelling idea. ”The work of Wildman and Niles suggests the importance ofrecognizing some of the difficulties of institutingreflective practice. Others have noted this; making asimilar point about the teaching profession’ s culturalinhibitions about reflective practice. Zeichner and Liston(1987) point out the inconsistency between the role of theteacher as a (reflective) professional decision maker andthe more usual role of the teacher as a technician,putting into practice the ideas of others. More basic thanthe cultural issues is the matter of motivation. Becominga reflective practitioner requires extra work (Jaworski,1993) and has only vaguely defined goals with, perhaps,little initially perceivable reward and the threat ofvulnerability. Few have directly questioned what mightlead a teacher to want to become reflective. Apparently,the most obvious reason for teachers to work towardreflective practice is that teacher educators think it isa good thing. There appear to be many unexplored mattersabout the motivation to reflect-for example, the value ofexternally motivated reflection as opposed to that ofteachers who might reflect by habit.

问答题Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language in a kindergarten rather than at a primary school Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your knowledge and experience. Write at least 400 words and create a title for your writing.  

问答题Write about the following topic:The development of technology changes the way people connect with each other. In which way has the development of technology changed the types of relationships that people make? Does it have positive or negative effects on the relationship? Write at least 350 words but no more than 400 words on the Answer Sheet.

问答题(Refer to Passage 1) Do you agree with the author’s statement that “… the orchestra today occupies a central position in our cultural life”? Why?

问答题long haul, who we are is more important than who we appear to be.