单选题1. Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently Male pilots flying general aviating(private) aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision - making, while female pilots are more likely to crash from mishandling the aircraft. These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error involved. "Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots, as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots," explains Susan P. Baker. MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. "Because pilot youth and inexperience are established contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash. " The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 reale pilots aged 40 -63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1 : 2 ratio, by age, classes of medical and pilot certificates, state or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender. The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both sexes, leading to 59 percent of female pilots' crashes and 36 percent of males. Experiencing mechanical failure, running out of fuel, and landing the plane with the landing gear up were among the factors more likely with males ,while stalling(失速) was more likely with females. The majority of the crashes - 95 percent for females and 88 percent for males - involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females( accounting for 81 percent of the crashes)than males (accounting for 48 percent). Males, however, appeared more likely to be guilty of poor decision - making, risk - taking, and inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and visibility or flying an aircraft with a known defect. Females, though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft, were generally more careful than their male counterparts.

单选题Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.

单选题The {{U}}drought{{/U}} destroyed the crops in the Southwest of the United States.

单选题During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.

单选题Humor If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses" convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St.Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St.Peter. "Oh, that"s God" came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he"s a doctor." If you are a part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it"ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman"s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn"t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it"s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don"t succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatement. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

单选题He had an increasingly {{U}}uneasy{{/U}} feeling about his answer to the question.

单选题For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor

单选题2. The Roots of Genea logy Genealogy(家系学) ,the study of family history, is the second most popular hobby in America today. Millions of Americans spend their free time trying to trace their family lines, some reaching as far back as a thousand years. This interest in family history is not new. Many people remember their ancestors and honor them by passing on family names or keeping their stories alive. In fact, as a country, America showed its first real interest in genealogy in the 1890s. At this time, organizations such as the Daughters of the American Revolution were created to connect people with ancestors who played a part in early American history. But America's interest in genealogy has grown over the past few decades, largely for two reasons. One of the causes of genealogy's most recent growth in popularity might be Alex Haley's book Roots ,which follows one man's family through slavery and all the way back to 18th century Africa. In one year, more than one million copies of the book were sold. In 1977 ,Roots was made into a television miniseries, which was watched by approximately 130 million people. At the time, that was the biggest audience any television program had ever had. People not only enjoyed the story of Roots, but also were interested in the idea that one man could learn so much about his family's history. The idea that a man living in America in the twentieth century might have a direct link to important moments in history inspired many Americans to do their own genealogical studies and trace their own threads in the fabric of world history. The Internet has also contributed to the enormous popularity of genealogy today because it is so convenient and vast. Before the Internet, people had to go to libraries and public records facilities to find information about their ancestors. But now, with a computer, anyone can access thousands of genealogy websites. While many of these websites contain useful information and resources, the Internet also provides people with the opportunity to meet hundreds, even thousands of other genealogists. Occasionally, genealogists even meet distant members of their own families and are able to share valuable research with each other.

单选题Lower taxes would {{U}}spur{{/U}} investment and help economic growth．

单选题请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　{{B}}New Ideas{{/B}} Iceland's President Olafur Grimsson is trying to drive carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) underground to {{U}}(51) {{/U}} its release into the air. Over the next two years, a team of scientists will try to {{U}} (52) {{/U}} carbon dioxide—charged water into the rock underground. Scientists say this should work. The CO2 will react with the rock to form a stable mineral that remains in the {{U}}(53) {{/U}} for millions of years. If the experiment succeeds, Iceland could give the world a new {{U}}(54) {{/U}} to reduce emissions. Sigurdur Gislason, a university professor in Iceland, says his country has an {{U}}(55) {{/U}} over other countries. "We have enormous amounts of clean {{U}}(56) {{/U}} and a small society. You can do experiments here that you can't do anywhere else." In an attempt to cut back on the use of air conditioners during summer, the Japanese government in2005 {{U}}(57) {{/U}} a campaign to keep office temperatures at 28℃ in summer. Men were also encouraged to change business suits for {{U}}(58) {{/U}} wear. In other words, no more ties. "The {{U}}(59) {{/U}} is meant to show the government's resolve to achieve Japan's target of reducing greenhouse (温室) gas emissions by 6 percent," said Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroyuki Hosoda. The {{U}}(60) {{/U}} has cut an estimated 79,000 tons of carbon dioxide gas emissions each year. As the country's 2005 Energy Policy Act {{U}}(61) {{/U}} into force this year, more Americans will be encouraged to use {{U}}(62) {{/U}} cars and energy sources. According to the new law, those who buy hybrid (混合) cars such as the Toyota Prius can earn tax credits, or rebates (退款),of {{U}}(63) {{/U}} to ＄2,600 a year. Homemakers (主妇) can also save when they renovate, claiming tax rebates {{U}}(64) {{/U}} around ＄500 simply by fitting their homes with energy—saving insulation (绝缘). If they {{U}}(65) {{/U}} in solar water heating, the payoff at tax time is equal to 30 percent of the appliance's cost or a maximum of ＄2,000.

单选题The food is insufficient for three people. A. scarce B. short C. marginal D. inadequate

单选题When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted.

单选题Put some effort into your work

单选题Jane said that she couldn"t tolerate the long hours.

单选题Other spectator spots include wrestling, boxing, arid horse racing. Although horse - racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so - called spoasmen are the spectatars, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gaming is the attraction of horse racing. People who call themselves sportsiren in horse racing are actuallyA. the horse riders.B. professional gamblers.C. spectators.D. gambling organizers.

单选题How Do American Consumers Borrow? Young consumers often have not established their credit ratings. Many do not have steady incomes. They might have difficulty borrowing money from an agency in business to make loans. Parents or relatives are usually their best source of loans. Of course, the parents or relatives would have to have money available and be willing to lend it. You might even get an interest-free loan. However, a parent or relative who lends should receive the same interest as any other lender. There are disadvantages in borrowing from parents or relatives. One is that they may not insist on you paying back the money by a certain time. As a result, you might let the loan drag on. This is especially true if you are not required to pay interest. This is not a way to develop good credit habits. For most consumers, the cheapest place to borrow is at a commercial bank. Banks are a good source of installment loan which may run for 12 months or up to 30. Most banks also make single payment loans to consumers for short periods — 30, 60, or 90 days. The newest type of bank loan is one that a depositor can get simply by writing a check. It is usually called something like "ready credit" or "reserved checking." It works like this. A depositor is given a limited amount of credit, usually between $ 500 and $1, 000. He or she may write checks up to the amount allowed. Once a check has been written, the amount of the check becomes a loan. Usually no charge is made for interest (利息) until the loan is made. A typical interest rate is 3 cents per $100 per day, or just under 1 percent a month. Suppose that you used $100 of your credit and repaid it in 30 days. The cost would be 90 cents. If you repaid it in 10 days, the cost would be only 30 cents. The advantage of borrowing from a bank is that banks generally charge lower rates than most other lenders. One reason is that banks have more strict credit requirements than most other lenders. A consumer must have a fairly good credit rating to get a bank loan.

单选题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A项；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B项；如果该句信息文章中没有提及，请选择C项。 {{B}}Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well{{/B}} How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference? Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behaviour of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favourable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, fight intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions which come to him in a flesh, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation. Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January, And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled. Finally, though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}} When to Take Medicine Is Important{{/B}} Our bodies are wonderfully skillful at maintaining balance. When the temperature jumps, we sweat to cool down. When our blood pressure falls, our hearts pound to compensate. As it turns out, though, our natural state is not a steady one. Researchers are finding that everything from blood pressure to brain function varies rhythmically with the cycles of sun, moon and seasons. And their insights are yielding new strategies for keeping away such common killers as heart disease and cancer. Only one doctor in 20 has a good knowledge of the growing field of "chronotherapeutics", the strategic use of time (chronos) in medicine. But according to a new American Medical Association poll, three out of four are eager to change that. "That field is exploding," says Michael Smolensky. "Doctor used to look at us like, what spaceship did you guys get off? Now they're thirsty to know more." In medical school, most doctors learn that people with chronic conditions should take their medicine at steady rates. "It's a terrible way to treat disease," says Dr. Richard Martin. For example, asthmatics (气喘患者) are most likely to suffer during the night. Yet most patients strive to keep a constant level of medicine in their blood day and night, whether by breathing in on an inhaler (吸入器 ) four times a day or taking a pill each morning and evening. In recent studies, researchers have found that a large midafternoon dose of a bronchodilator (支气管扩张) can be as safe as several small doses, and better for preventing nighttime attacks. If the night belongs to asthma, the dawn belongs to high blood pressure and heart disease. Heart attacks are twice as common at 9 a.m. as at 11 p.m. Part of the reason is that our blood pressure falls predictably at night, then peaks as we start to work for the day. "Doctors know that," Dr. Henry Black of Chicago's Medical Center, "but until now, we haven't been able to do anything about it." Most blood-pressure drugs provide 18 to 20 hours of relief. But because they're taken in the morning, they are least effective when most needed. "You take your pill at 7 and it's working by 9," says Dr. William White of the University of Connecticut Health Center. "But by that time you've gone through the worst four hours of the day with no protection." Bedtime dosing would prevent that lapse, but it would also push blood pressure to dangerously low levels during the night.

单选题 Charter Schools American public education has changed in recant years. One change is that increasing numbers of American parents and teachers are starting independent public schools (51) charter schools (特许学校). In 1991, there were no charter schools in the United States. Today, more than 2,300 charter schools (52) in 34 states and the District of Columbia. 575,000 students (53) these schools. The students are from 5 years of age through 18 or older. A charter school is (54) by groups of parents, teachers and community (社区) members. It is similar in some ways (55) a traditional public school. It receives tax money to operate just as other public schools do. The (56) it receives depends on the number of students. The charter school must prove to local or state governments that its students are learning. These governments (57) the school with the agreement, or charter that permits it to operate. Unlike a traditional public school, (58) , the charter school does not have to obey most laws governing public schools. Local, state or federal governments cannot tell it what to (59) . Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to (60) those goals. Class sizes usually are smaller than in many traditional public schools. Many students and parents say (61) in charter schools can be more creative. However, state education agencies, local education-governing committees and unions often (62) charter schools. They say these schools may receive money badly (63) by traditional public schools. Experts say some charter schools are doing well while others are struggling. Congress provided 200 million dollars for (64) charter schools in the 2002 federal budget (预算). But, often the schools say they lack enough money for their (65) . Many also lack needed space.

单选题I have traveled through the length and {{U}}breadth{{/U}} of this country.