单选题 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}Driven to Distraction{{/B}} Joe Coyne slides into the driver's seat, starts up the car and heads to town. The empty stretch of interstate gives way to urban congestion, and Coyne hits the brakes as a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him. But even if he hadn't stopped in time, the woman would have been safe. She isn't real. Neither is the town. And Coyne isn't really driving. Coyne is demonstrating a computerized driving simulator that is helping researchers at Old Dominion University (ODU) examine how in-vehicle guidance systems affect the person behind the wheel. The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, are too distracting — or whether any distractions are offset by the benefits drivers get from having help finding their way in unfamiliar locations. "We're looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers," said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor leading the research, which involves measuring drivers' reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual Cues. The researchers just completed a study of the mental workload involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy vs. light traffic. Preliminary results show that as people "get into more challenging driving situations, they don't have any extra mental energy to respond to something else in the environment," Baldwin said. But the tradeoffs could be worth it, she said. The next step is to test different ways of giving drivers navigational information and how those methods change the drivers' mental workload. "Is it best if they see a picture...that shows their position, a map kind of display?" Baldwin said. "Is it best if they hear it?" Navigational systems now on the market give point-by-point directions that follow a prescribed route. "They're very unforgiving," Baldwin said. "If you miss a turn, they can almost seem to get angry." That style of directions also can be frustrating for people who prefer more general instructions. But such broad directions can confuse drivers who prefer route directions, Baldwin said. Perhaps manufacturers should allow drivers to choose the style of directions they want, or modify systems to present some information in a way that makes sense10 for people who prefer the survey style, she said. Interestingly, other research has shown that about 60 percent of men prefer the survey style, while 60 percent women prefer the route style, Baldwin said. This explains the classic little thing of why men don't like to stop and ask for directions and women do, Baldwin added.

单选题What can you do to ensure that you will stay healthy?

单选题Have you got a {{U}}spare{{/U}} pen?

单选题Please let me know if you are unable to attend the meeting.

单选题 What Should Be Taught If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, however, has no such choice, {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}the jobs must be carried on at the same time. Because we depend so {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}upon science and technology for our progress, we must produce specialists in many fields. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}we live in a {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to uphold, and when necessary, to judge the work of {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The public school must educate both producers and {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}of scientific services. In education, there should be a good balance {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}judgment. Such balance is defeated by {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}much emphasis on any one field. This {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}of balance involves not only the {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the natural sciences, the social sciences and the arts but also relative emphasis among the natural sciences themselves. {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}, we must have a balance between current and {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}knowledge. The attention of the public is continually drawn to new {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}for beginners.

单选题It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy. A. ** B. taking C. discussing D. expecting

单选题Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too. Their study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine , involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12,067 people who had been closely followed for 32 years, from 1971 to 2003. The investigators knew who was friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor, and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades. That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese. Did their friends also become obese? Did family members? Or neighbors? The answer, the researchers report, was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese. That increased a person"s chances of becoming obese by 57 percent. There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight, however, and family members had less influence than friends. It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away, the influence remained. And the greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends. There, if one became obese, the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese, too. The same effect seemed to occur for weight loss, the investigators say. But since most people were gaining, not losing, over the 32 years, the result was, on average, that people grew fatter. Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, a physician and professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School and a principal investigator in the new study, said one explanation was that friends affected each others" perception of fatness. When a close friend becomes obese, obesity may not look so bad. "You change your idea of what is an acceptable body type by looking at the people around you," Dr. Christakis said. The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent years—each person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends. Their analysis was unique, Dr. Christakis said, because it moved beyond a simple analysis of one person and his or her social contacts and instead examined an entire social network at once, looking at how a person"s friend"s friends, or a spouse"s sibling"s friends, could have an influence on a person"s weight. The effects, he said, "highlight the importance of a spreading process, a kind of social contagion, that spreads through the network." Of course, the investigators say, social networks are not the only factors that affect body weight. There is a strong genetic component at work, too. Science has shown that individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights, spanning perhaps 30 or so pounds for each person. But that leaves a large role for the environment in determining whether a person"s weight is near the top of his or her range or near the bottom. As people have gotten fatter, it appears that many are edging toward the top of their ranges. The question has been why. If the new research is correct, it may say that something in the environment seeded what some call an obesity epidemic, making a few people gain weight. Then social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.

单选题 Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off. One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family. The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time. They can afford to take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts. This marriage between the employee and the company—the consequence of lifetime employment—may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.

单选题A crowd {{U}}gathered{{/U}} to see what had happened.

单选题We need to identify the potential problems.

单选题They were locked in {{U}}mortal{{/U}} combat. A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active

单选题Eating Meat--Less or More? Every second in the United States alone, more than 250 animals are slaughtered for food, adding up to more than 8 billion animals each year. Reducing the amount of meat in one's diet is nutritionally, environmentally, and ethically beneficial. People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. Meat has been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eaters are at a higher risk for diseases, including cancer, and they are more likely to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients, especially protein and iron. Actually, according to A Teen's Guide to Going Vegetarian, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in almost every food, and iron appears in many vegetables. Getting enough nutrients in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 1988study found that some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fruits and vegetables will only make people healthier. Some skeptics believe that there will he a shortage of food if animals are not eaten. In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats grown in the U. S. are fed to livestock. The world's cattle alone consume enough food to equal the caloric needs of 8.7 billion people, more than the entire human population. One half of the water used in the Unites States also goes to livestock； 2,50 gallons of water produces only 1 lb. of beef. If people eat less meat and more plants, the amount of available food will increase. Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eating animals is unethical. 90 of these animals are raised in confinement. Chickens and other birds have only about half a square foot of space each, and since they are raised so close together, a lot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pigs that are repressed will bite each other's tails, so both their teeth and tails are removed as soon as they are born. Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. Even a slight reduction in meat intake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the health of people, and to the health of the world.

单选题Most chemical reactions of an organic compound involve only a few of its numerous atoms and bonds; the remainder stays unchanged.

单选题Parents have a legal {{U}}duty{{/U}} to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age. A. impulse B. influence C. obligation D. sympathy

单选题 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并填在题前的括号内。 {{B}}Man of Few Words{{/B}} Everyone chases success, but not all of US want to be famous. South African writer John Maxwell Coetzee is{{U}} (1) {{/U}}for keeping himself to himself. When the 63-year-old was named the 2003 Nobel Prize winner for literature earlier this month, reporters were warned that they would find him "particularly difficult to{{U}} (2) {{/U}}. Coetzee lives in Australia but spends part of the year teaching at the University of Chicago. He seemed{{U}} (3) {{/U}}by the news he won the USS 1.3 million prize. "It came as a complete surprise. I wasn't even aware they were due to make the announcement," he said. His{{U}} (4) {{/U}}of privacy led to doubts as to whether Coetzee will attend the prize, giving in Stockholm, Sweden, on December 10. But despite being described as{{U}} (5) {{/U}}to track down, the critics agree that his writing is easy to get to know. Born .in Cape Town, South Africa, to all English-speaking family, Coetzee{{U}} (6) {{/U}}his breakthrough in 1980 with the novel 'Waiting for the Barbarians. He{{U}} (7) {{/U}}his place among the world's leading writers with two Booker Prize victories, Britain's highest honour for novels. He first{{U}} (8) {{/U}}in 1983 for the "Life and Times of Michael K ". And his second title came in 1999 for "Disgrace". A major theme in his work is South Africa's former apartheid system, which divided whites from blacks.{{U}} (9) {{/U}}with the problems of violence, crime and racial division that still exist in the country, his books have enabled ordinary people to understand apartheid{{U}} (10) {{/U}}within. "I have always been more interested in the past than the future," he said in a rare interview. "The past{{U}} (11) {{/U}}its shadow over the present. I hope I have made one or two people think{{U}} (12) {{/U}}about whether they want to forget the past completely." In fact tiffs purity in his writing seems to be{{U}} (13) {{/U}}in his personal life. Coetzee is a vegetarian, a cyclist rather than a motorist and doesn't drink alcohol. But what he has{{U}} (14) {{/U}}to literature, culture and the people of South Africa is far greater than the things he has given up. "In looking at weakness and failure in life," the Nobel prize judging panel said, "Coetzee's work{{U}} (15) {{/U}}the divine spark in man." privacy n. 独居；不受干拢的自由 I barbarian n. 种族隔制 divine adj. 神圣的 panel n. 评审小组

单选题I wasn't qualified for the job really, but got it Uanyhow/U.

单选题He invested a {{U}}considerable{{/U}} amount of money in the project.

单选题He endured agonies before he finally {{U}}expired{{/U}}.

单选题Employees are entitled to an annual paid leave of fifteen days.A. dailyB. weeklyC. monthlyD. yearly

单选题Mary Urarely/U speaks to Susan.