单选题The Workers' Role in Management Traditionally, it has been the workers' role to work and management's role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought to consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided" suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor--they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management? Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs, often with no warning. At least 90 days' notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating. It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

单选题He tried to avoid the barrier to his carrying out the plan.A. rootB. obstacleC. dangerD. advantage

单选题A great deal has been done to Uremedy/U the situation.

单选题Did she accept his research proposal ?

单选题Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.

单选题He strange clothes and make -up really astonished the people at the party.A. auachedB. shockedC. attractedD. shifted

单选题They didn"t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.

单选题Magicians ______ use techniques from science and the arts to deceive the mind and eye.A. generouslyB. geneticallyC. cleverlyD. subsequently

单选题Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known sports personality.A. success B. description C. evidence D. plan

单选题 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项。请根据短文的内容，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 {{B}}Canal{{/B}} Today, most countries in the world have canals. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat {{U}}(51) {{/U}} by any other means of trans- port. Some canals, such as the Suez or the Panama, {{U}}(52) {{/U}} ships weeks of time by making their voyage a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not located on the coast. Still other canals {{U}}(53) {{/U}} lands where there is too much water, help or irrigate fields where there is not enough water, and furnish water power for factories and mills. The {{U}}(54) {{/U}} of a canal depends on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the {{U}}(55) {{/U}} boats using it to {{U}}(56) {{/U}} each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water {{U}}(57) {{/U}} the keel of the largest boat using the canal. Some canals have sloping sides, {{U}}(58) {{/U}} others have sides that are nearly vertical. Canals that are cut through rock can have nearly vertical sides. However, canals with earth banks may crumble if the angle of their sides is too steep. Some canals are lined with brick, stone, or concrete to keep the water {{U}}(59) {{/U}} soaking into the mud. This also permits ships to go {{U}}(60) {{/U}} greater speeds, since they cannot make the banks fall in by stirring up the water. In small canals with mud banks, ships and barges must {{U}}(61) {{/U}} their speed. When the canal goes {{U}}(62) {{/U}} different levels of water, the ships must be raised or lowered from one level to the other, This is generally done by means of locks. If a ship wants to go up to higher water, the lower end of the lock opens to let the boat in. Then this gate closes, and the water is let into the lock chamber from the upper level. This raised the level of the water in the lock {{U}}(63) {{/U}} it is the same as the upper level of water. Now the upper gates can be opened to {{U}}(64) {{/U}} the ship into the higher water. Of course there must always be enough water on the upper level to allow for the flooding of the lock. Sometimes a canal contains a {{U}}(65) {{/U}} of locks when the difference in levels is very great.

单选题She looked everywhere for her book but {{U}}finally{{/U}} had to return home without it.

单选题Fitness Movement The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and 1 thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on his 2 interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed 3 to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their 4 was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, 5 , and endurance in their primarily male 6 . These fitness spas did not seem to benefit 7 from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs 8 few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly 9 for males and for females. Many 10 programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well. 11 , most physical fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health related reasons, but primarily 12 such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. 13 , in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health 14 as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now 15 that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans.

单选题 {{B}}Extending the workplace by means of computer{{/B}} Telecommuting—substituting the computer for the trip to the job—as been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work. For worker it promises freedoms from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high per formers on board, minimizes tardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush—our congestion and improve air quality. But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images. Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer form New York cities moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes into his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child; she hooks up her telephone modem connections and does office work between calls to the doctor. These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done. Management, too, must separate the myth from the reality. Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is employee's situation, not the availability of technology, that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement. That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.

单选题We must abide by the rules. A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply

单选题Some parents, teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of hugging for the following reasons EXCEPT:

单选题They thought his behavior was abnormal .

单选题Excessive Demands on Young People Being able to multitask is hailed by most people as a welcome skill, but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the socalled Generation M are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. It argues that, in fact, these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time again as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other. Some young people are juggling an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. At the same time that they are working, young adults are also surfing on the Internet, or sending out emails to their friends, and/or answering the telephone and listening to music on their iPods or on another computer. As some new device comes along it too is added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices. Other research has indicated that this multitasking is even affecting the way families themselves function as young people are too wrapped up in their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house nor can they eat at the family table. All this electronic wizardry is supposedly also seriously affecting young people's performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their perception of the impact of modem gadgets on their performance of tasks, the overwhelming majority of young people gave a favourable response. The response from the academic and business worlds was not quite as positive. The former feel that multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later development of study skills, resulting in a decline in the quality of writing, for example, because of the lack of concentration on task completion. They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedial help with study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the work force need to be taught all over again, as they have become deskilled. While all this may be true, it must be borne in mind that more and more is expected of young people nowadays; in fact, too much. Praise rather than criticism is due in respect of the way today's youth are able to cope despite what the older generation throw at them.

单选题I can no longer {{U}}tolerate{{/U}} his actions. A. put up with B. accept C. take D. suffer from

单选题Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a {{U}}small number{{/U}}. A. scarcity B. minority C. minimum D. shortage

单选题We have to ask them to quit talking in order that all people present could hear us clearly.