单选题The emphasis on the importance of education has {{U}}spurred{{/U}} scientific research.

单选题Indian's Names Each Indian was supposed to keep his birth name until he was old enough to earn one for himself. But his playmates would always give him a name of their own. No matter what his parents called him, his childhood friends would use the name they had chosen. Often it was not pleasing, such as Bow Legs or Bad Boy. But sometimes a name fit so well that the youngster found it difficult to shake it off. If he could not earn a better one from a war later, he could be stuck with a name like Bow Legs for the rest of his life. The Indian earned his real name when he was old enough for his first fight against the enemy. His life name depended on how he acted during this first battle. When he returned from the war, the whole tribe would gather and observe the ceremony in which he would be given his name by the chief. If he had done well, he would get a good name. Otherwise he might be called Crazy Wolf or Man-Afraid-of-a Horse. So an Indian's name told his record or described the kind of man he was. A man was given many chances to improve his name, however, if in a later battle he was brave in fighting against the enemy, he was given a better name. Some of our great fighters had as many as twelve names, all good and each better than the last. An Indian's names belonged to him for the rest of his life. No one else could use them. Even he himself could not give them away because names were assigned by the tribe, not the family. So no man could pass on his name unless the chief and the tribe asked him to do so. Sometimes an Indian would be asked to give his name to a son who had performed a noticeable deed. I know of only three or four times when this happened. It is the rarest honor for a person--the honor of assuming his father's name.

单选题Exercise Whether or not exercise adds (51) the length of life, it is common experience that a certain (52) of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exercise (53) involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial. How much and what kind of exercise one should (54) merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the (55) of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with (56) of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is (57) vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question (58) to answer. Individual variability is (59) great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The safe limit for exercise (60) on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions however, will (61) as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be (62) periodically by careful thorough physical examinations. The (63) is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion. What type of exercise one should (64) depends upon one's physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate (65) throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.

单选题In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care (51) their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who (52) with their parents reach 65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children aye expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live (53) . What explains these differences in living arrangements (54) cultures? Modernization theory (55) the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people behind in (56) rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized, (57) a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain (58) living arrangements. Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance predominates. (59) this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then (60) their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, as well as broader social changes brought (61) by industrialization and urbanization, have (62) the tradition. In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did—a figure that is still high (63) U.S. standards, but which has been (64) steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are (65) : the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.

单选题We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A. offeredB. investigatedC. includedD. accepted

单选题The French people believe that drinking wine is a good way to relax．

单选题Generation gap It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or (51) justly, that their parents are out of touch (52) modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; (53) they do not trust their children to deal with crises; that they (54) too much about certain problems—and that they have no (55) of humor, at least in parent child relationships. I think it is true that parents often (56) their teenage children and also forget how they themselves fell (57) young. Young people often irritate their parents with their (58) in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not (59) been accepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. (60) , if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are (61) , at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste. Sometimes you are resistant, and proud because you do not want your parents to (62) of what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are assuming that you are the underdog (败者): you can't win but at least you can keep your honor. This is a (63) way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, (64) you were completely under your parents' control. But it (65) the fact that you are now be ginning to be responsible for yourself. So if you plan to control your life, cooperation can be part of that plan.

单选题下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 The Writing's on the Wall? Is it art or is it just vandalism(野蛮行为)? Well，it's still a crime，but graffiti(涂鸦) has changed since the days of spraying your name on a wall to mark your territory．Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his “tag”，TAKI 183，all over the NewYork underground in 1971，and hip-hop culture was born．Hip-hop is a mixture of art，music and dancing，poetry，language and fashion．It came from young inner-city people，who felt left out by their richerclassmates and who were desperate to express themselves in any way they could． An experiment to control the spread of graffiti in Rochdale，Greater Manchester，has been so successful that plans have been made by local street artists for an international convention in June．“We're planning to get people together from different countries like France and Germany for a week，”says Liam，one of the organizers．The scheme started in 2000，and has attracted people of all age groups and both sexes．“We all share a common interest and get on really well with each other．”The first site to be chosen was a subway．“Before we began，people were afraid to use the subway．We had it cleaned up and now，with all the artists hanging out down there，people are using it again．People can relate to graffiti much more now．”By providing places to display their talents legally，there has been a fall in the amount of“tagging”on people's private property． Street artist Temper developed his drawing skills at a young age．In art classes at school he was really frustrated because the Art teacher didn't spend time with him．They thought he was already very good at art and so spent more time with other students．So，at 12 years old，Temper started painting with all these guys he'd hooked up with who were about 22 years old．He looked up to them and loved what they were doing on the streets of Wolvehampton，England．“The whole hip-hop scene was built up of different things and I did a bit of everything．But it was always the graffiti I was best at，”he says．

单选题Please do net hesitate to Ucall/U me if I can be of further assistance.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}Space-Age Archeology{{/B}} It's a strange partnership, but a very effective one: Satellites and space-shuttle-carried radar are helping archeologists. How? By "seeing" through sand or through treetops to locate important archeological sites. The traditional tools for archeologists are shovels and picks. But high technology is making the archeologist's work and time far more productive. Take, for example, the second 1981 flight of the Space Shuttle Challenger. During the mission, a powerful, experimental radar was pointed at a lifeless stretch of desert in Egypt called the Selima Sand Sheet (part of the Sahara Desert). To everyone's surprise, the radar penetrated through the sand to the harder rock beneath. On the surface, there is a little indication that Africa's Sahara Desert was never anything but a desert. When the archeologists studied the radar images, they saw what seemed to be impossible: there was sand-buried landscape that was shaped by flowing water; traces of ancient riverbeds appeared to be over nine miles wide, far wider than most sections of the present-day Nile River. Today, the area is one of the hottest, driest desert in the world. Archeologists dug pits along the old river banks and found clues to the past: stream-rounded pebbles (鹅卵石), Stone-Age axes, broken ostrich (鸵鸟) eggshells, and the shells of land snails. The archeologists were quite pleased with these findings. For years, they'd been finding stone axes scattered through the desert, and couldn't understand why. Now we know that early humans were living on the banks of old rivers, and left their beautiful tools behind. Some are so sharp that you could shave with them. More recently, Landsat 4, a Special earth-mapping satellite, aided in the discovery of ancient Mayan ruins in Mexico. Lansat can, with the help of false-color imagery, "see through" much of the area. Armed with these maps, a five-person expedition took to the air in a helicopter. By the end of the second day, the team found a stretch of walled fields that expedition members said look like '"old New England fences". They just go on, non-stop, for 40 miles. Later in the week, an ancient village was pinpointed, as was the "lost” city of Oxpemul, once found in the early 1930's but quickly reclaimed by the jungle. The findings made them able to map the extent of the Mayan civilization in about five days. Working on foot, it would have taken at least 100 years.

单选题He shifted his position a little in order to alleviate the pain in his leg.

单选题下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　{{B}}Fighting for a Brighter Future for Women{{/B}} When I was asked what it means to be a woman running for president, I always gave the same answer that I was proud to be running as a woman, but I was running because I thought I'd be the best president. But I am a woman and, like millions of women, I know there are still barriers and biases (偏见) out there, often unconscious, and I want to build an America that respects and embraces the potential of every last one of us. I ran as a daughter who benefited from opportunities my mother never dreamed of. I ran as a mother who worried about my daughter's future and a mother who wants to leave all children brighter tomorrows. To build that future I see, we must make sure that women and men alike understand the struggles of their grandmothers and their mothers, and that women enjoy equal opportunities, equal pay, and equal respect. Let us resolve and work toward achieving very simple propositions (命题) :There are no acceptable limits, and there are no acceptable prejudices in the 21st century in our country. You can also be so proud that, from now on, it will be unremarkable for a woman to win primary state victories, unremarkable to have a woman in a close race to be our nominee (被提名者), unremarkable to think that a woman can be the president of the United States. And this is truly remarkable, my friends. To those who are disappointed that we couldn't go all of the way, especially the young people who put so much into this campaign, it would break my heart if, in falling short of my goal, I in any way discouraged any of you from pursuing yours. Always aim high, work hard, and care deeply about what you believe in. And, when you stumble (绊倒) ,keep faith. And, when you're knocked down, get right back up and never listen to anyone who says you can't or shouldn't go on. As we gather here today in this historic, magnificent building, the 50th woman to leave the Earth is orbiting (绕轨道运行) overhead. If we can blast 50 women into space, we will someday launch a woman into the White House.

单选题Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer British women are happy nowadays to wear mini-skirts up until the age of 40, according to research by Debenhams. Just 20 years ago, few women would dare to wear a mini-skirt after the age of 33, the store said. "It shows that women now have an increasing confidence in their bodies and are happy to dress accordingly," it added in a statement. "If this trend continues, there's no doubt that, within the next decade, women in their mid 40s and early 50s will rightly regard a mini-skirt as an essential part of their everyday wardrobe." The figures emerged when the store examined the latest age profile of women buying short, 36-cm skirts over the past six months. Their results show that it has jumped from an average age of 36-years-old at the start of millennium to 40 today. Figures from 1980 showed that on average women stopped buying minis when they reached 33 years old, a figure unchanged from the mid- 1960s. The store noted that experts believe that the popularity of intensive gym culture, providing women with well toned bodies for longer may be the reason, The increasing number of British women living on their own may also be a factor. The Debenhams' study showed that a modern woman's love affair with a mini-skirt begins at the age of 14 but that she doesn't buy her first one until the age of 16. Instead, she flouts school rules by rolling up the waistband of the school uniform to give the impression of wearing a mini skirt. Skirts get shorter between the ages of 16 and 19, reducing in size from 46 to 36 cm before reaching their shortest, a mere 32 cm, at the age of 23. Skirt length increases slightly between the ages of 23 and 27, rising to 37 cm, possibly due to girls being in their first stable relationship, with no desire to attract attention, the store said. However, it found short skirts suddenly zoom in popularity between the ages of 27 and 34, as those early relationships break down, and new relationships are formed. The move into longer skirts begins irreversibly at 40 years old, when 46-cm skirts, still slightly above the knee are the norm. From then on, skirt length increases dramatically, falling below the knee for the very first time since school days at the age of 42.

单选题Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous .

单选题Inspecting a Used Car The scariest part of buying a used car is not being completely sure of what condition it's in. A. car that's been in a major accident is always a bigger risk, but sellers often try to hide this information. Andrew Bleakley, evaluator-inspector, runs a mobile vehicle inspection service in Montreal. For about $ 80 he will perform a full, unbiased inspection on a used vehicle, In his 10 years as a professional inspector, Bleakley has seen a lot. He warns , "Watch out for dealer demonstration vehicles which are used, not new. They may have been in a collision. " He adds that it is not uncommon in Ontario and Quebec especially for unscrupulous sellers to roll back the odometer or to even disengage it. Bleakley has special tools-to check for this. Bleakley always recommends hiring an independent technician to inspect the condition of a used car before you buy it. The problem is finding someone qualified to do the inspection, which he says generally doesn't mean just any mechanic. A. thorough mechanical inspection includes checking the compression, all major systems, including the engine, electrical and charging systems, transmission and drive line, fluids, brakes, suspension, and steering. Essential, too, is an inspection of the car's body and finally a road test. There are , however, a few things everyone can do before buying a used car: Do a visual check of the car. Look at the right rear door hinges. If they are very worn, or the door doesn't close well, the car may have been used as a taxi. Holes in the roof could mean the car was used for deliveries. Check for oil leaks on the pavement. Note that leaks are not necessarily a significant problem—it depends on the cause. Don't assume that new-looking brake and accelerator pedals mean the car hasn't been driven much. Resellers know people check these details and can buy new pads for around $ 6. Copy down the vehicle identification number (VIN), a 17-character, combination of numbers and letters, from the vehicle's dashboard. In Ontario, ask the dealer or seller for the Used Vehicle Information Package. This gives details of previous owners, any outstanding liens on the car, and the fair market value of the vehicle.

单选题Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed.

单选题Examination papers of the class were marked {{U}}without bias{{/U}}. A. immediately B. correctly C. fairly D. carefully

单选题Many new chances will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.

单选题Do you have any pen friends?A. childrenB. palsC. writersD. students

单选题 The Industrial Age and Employment The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.