填空题A Events That Took place Before the Earth Existed B Power of the Telescope C Details of Eta Carinae D Invention of a Time Machine E Biggest Telescope F Ultraviolet Laser Rays

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 As early as kindergarten we' re taught that there are nine planets, but 200 years ago, even scholars were sure there were only six planets.2. As recently as the 1700s, people still believed that the planet Saturn was at the farthest extent of the solar system. That there might be other planet wasn't even a respectable idea.3. In 1781 a self-taught astronomer, William Herschel, was "sweeping the skies" with his telescope. By March, he had reached the section including the constellation Gemini, and he spotted an object that appeared as a disk rather than a glowing star. Because it moved slightly from week to week, Herschel thought it was a comet. After a few mouths, however, he decided the orbit was circular'" and came to the shocking conclusion that it wasn't a comet, but an unknown planet.4. People were astonished. No one since ancient times had anyone named a planet. Herschel felt that is should be called "Georgium Sirius" (George's Star) after George Ⅲ, the king of England, some wanted to name it "Herschel" after its discoverer. But one influential astronomer suggested "Uranus", after the Greek god of the heavens. That made sense, since it was thought to be the limit of the solar system.5. Could there be another planet affecting Uranus? A century earlier, Isaac Newton had come up with laws describing the effects that the gravitational forces of planets have on one another. Using Newton's laws, two young scientists, Jean Leverrier and John Couch Adams set out independently in 1840 to find the unknown planet whose gravitational forces might be pulling on Uranus. Both hoped the unknown planet would be where their calculations said they could find it. Adams finished his calculations first, in September 1845. The following August, Leverrier completed his.6. Leverrier traveled to the Berlin Observatory in Germany, and the young assistant mana get, Johann Gottfried Galle, agreed to help search for the planet. That was September 23, 1846. That night, Galle looked through the telescope, calling out stars and their positions while a young student astronomer, Heinrich Louis d' Arrest, looked at a star chart, searching for the stars Galle described. Finally Galle called out an eighth-magnitude star that d' Arrest couldn't locate on the charts. They had found the unknown planet! It had taken two years of research—but only a half hour at the telescope. The honor of the discovery belongs to both Adams and Leverrier, who had essentially discovered the new planet with just a pen and a new set of mathematical laws. The greenish planet was named after Neptune, god of the sea.

填空题US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. 1 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly, including the United States, last year. 2 For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. 3 It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban. 4 The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year. The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect. 5 A. Tobacco stocks also perked up as investors discounted fears of litigation (诉讼) from the US. B. So far, 109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it. C. The impact of the treaty could be huge. D. Countries that ratify (批准) it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies. E. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs. F. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.

填空题 A. a lot of money B. national people C. morning D. local people E. national issues F. local issues

填空题Caribbean Islands What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)? White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colorful corals (珊瑚) and even more colorful fishes and birds? You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their warm, tropical Climate and great natural beauty. The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. 1 Many of the islands were formed by the eruption (爆发) of ancient volcanoes (火 山). Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean. The Caribbean Islands are known by several names. 2 The explorer Christopher Colum- bus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles. There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea. 3 These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands. The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. 4 You can see why pirates such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on. The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. 5 Many tourists arrive on cruise ships. A. But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise. B. The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies. C. They"re like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America. D. They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola. E. This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year. F. Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片) of exposed coral.

填空题 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Farmers' Markets Charlotte Hollins knows she faces a battle. The 23-year-old British farmer and her 21-year-old brother Ben are fighting to save the farm from developers that their father worked on since he was 14. {{U}}(46) {{/U}} "You don't often get a day off. Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep prices down. With fewer people working on farms it can be isolating, "she said. " There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich!" Oliver Robinson, 25, grew up on a farm in Yorkshire. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} "I'm sure dad hoped I'd stay, "he said. "I guess it's a nice, straightforward life, but it doesn't appeal. For young, ambitious people, farm life would be a hard world. "For Robinson, farming doesn't offer much "in terms of money or lifestyle. "Hollins agrees that economics stops people from pursuing farming rewards: "providing for a vital human need, while working outdoors with nature. " Farming is a big political issue in the UK. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms, stopped meat exports, and raised public consciousness of troubles in UK farming. Jamie Oliver's 2005 campaign to get children to eat healthily also highlighted the issue. This national concern spells (带来) hope for farmers competing with powerful supermarkets. {{U}}(49) {{/U}} "I started going to Farmers' Markets in direct defiance (蔑视)of the big supermarkets. {{U}}(50) {{/U}} It's terrible, "said Londoner Michael Samson. A. But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather's land. B. While most people buy food from the big supermarkets, hundreds of independent Farmers' Markets are becoming popular. C. While confident they will succeed, she lists farming's many challenges. D. Young people prefer to live in cities. E. I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything what exactly do they put on our apples to make them so big and red7 F. "Buy British" campaigns urge(鼓励)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods.

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Dung to Death{{/B}} Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drags in farm slurry,{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. Some 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten.{{U}} (49) {{/U}} Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. {{U}}(50) {{/U}} His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to I kilogram of the drags. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria, But vets are not treating the issue seriously. There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment.A. They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water.B. And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.C. Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.D. But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.E. His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.F. They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.

填空题Stop Spam! When I first got an e-mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. 1 If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming (发送垃圾邮件) a crime. If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spare, the problem will certainly get much worse. 2 As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual (个人的) e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time? 3 Many spam e-mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks. 4 Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passes on to the consumer. For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam. 5 E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate, but spare is destroying this convenience. A. Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly. B. This question is troubling for individuals and companies as well. C. But now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. D. Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E. And their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. F. Spamming is more serious in China than in America.

填空题Now it's tree that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nerves and our brain, which is a bundle of nerves-we wouldn't know what's happening. ______ We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.A. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.B. The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it.C. However, many of us cannot stand pain.D. Look at the Indian fakir (行僧) who sits on a bed of nails.E. We demand the "needle"—a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因, 一种局部麻醉剂)-that deadens the nerves around the tooth.F. But we pay for our sensitivity.

填空题 Weight Worries May Start Early for Slim Women There is a range of reasons why thin women think they're too heavy, but the distorted body image may often have its roots in childhood, many results of a new study suggests. Researchers found that among more than 2,400 thin women they surveyed, nearly 10 percent thought they were too heavy. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} According to the study authors, led by Dr. Susanne Kruger Kjaer of the Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, society's "ideal" female body is moving toward an underweight physique. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} To investigate body image among thin women, the researchers gave questionnaires to 2,443 women aged 27 to 38 whose body mass index was at the low end of normal. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} Overall, almost 10 percent of the women thought they were too heavy. Those who reported certain "severe life events" in childhood or adolescence, such as having a parent become ill or having their educational hopes dashed, were more likely than others to have a distorted body image. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}} In contrast, traumatic events in adulthood, such as serious illness or significant marital problems, were not related to poor body image, the researchers report. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} A．The same was true of women who started having sex or drinking alcohol when they were younger than 15 years old. B．Experiences in childhood, including having an ill parent, or starting to drink or have sex at a particularly young age, were among the risk factors for having a distorted body image. C．"Our results indicate that the risk of being dissatisfied with (one's) own body weight may be established early in life," Kjaer and her colleagues write. D．Research suggests that many normal-weight women wish to weigh less. E．If worries have altered your appetite or weight, it will help to talk to someone about it. F．The women were asked about factors ranging from childhood experiences to current exercise habits.

填空题How to Jump Queue Fury If you find yourself waiting in a long queue at an airport or bus terminus this holiday, will you try to analyze what it is about queuing that makes you angry? Or will you just get angry with the nearest official? Professor Richard Larson, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hates queuing but rather than tear his hair out, he decided to study the subject. (46) . He cites an experiment at Houston airport where passengers had to walk for one minute from the plane to the baggage reclaim and then wait a further seven minutes to collect their luggage. Complaints were frequent, especially from those who had spent seven minutes watching passengers with just hand baggage get out immediately. The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking (47) . The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying only hand baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero. The reason? Larson suggests that it all has to do with what he calls "social justice". If people see others taking a short cut, they will find the wait unbearable. (48) . Another aspect Larson studied was the observation that people get more fed up if they are not told what is going on. (49) . But even knowing how long we have to wait isn't the whole answer. We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay. Larson cites the example of two neighboring American banks. One was highly computerized and served a customer, on average, every 30 seconds. (50) . But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy, customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accounts to the slower bank. Ultimately, the latter had to introduce time-wasting ways of appearing more dynamic.A So in the case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone.B The other bank was less automated and took twice as long.C When they finally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was then only two minutes.D His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the US National Science Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directly related to the time.E It's unbearable for the airport to delay everyone.F Passengers told that there will be a half-hour delay are less unhappy than those left waiting even twenty minutes without an explanation.

填空题Looking to the Future When a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would "radiate light" and "change color with the push of a buttons." Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught "by electrical impulse while we sleep." Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000? (46) . The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did. (47) . By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: Cities of the future would not be crowded but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to world in "airbuses" all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. (48) . Does that sound familiar? If the exert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. His subject was "The city of 1982". If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school students, it's probably because future study is still a new field. Here is an example for future study. Economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, has been around for a long time. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too. (49) . In October of that year, the stock market had its worst losses ever, ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers. One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant errors. In 1957, H.J. Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the year 2000, "Only one thing is certain," he answered. " (50) "A. In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market.B. Children born today will have reached the age of 43.C. Actually, the article was written in 1958 and the question was, "what will life be like in 1978?"D. So experts are regularly asked to predict accurately.E. Scientists are 80 percent accurate in predicting the future.F. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents "almost unheard off".

填空题The Building of the Pyramids The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that 21 . There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid. Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, 22 . The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape 23 . These are good reasons why they can still he seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever. It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids, 24 . However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them. One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning 25 . The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome. A. for stone to use in modern buildings B. has made them less likely to fall into ruin C. before they could begin to build D. because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved E. while building the pyramids F. they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet

填空题Paragraph 4_______

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Meterorology{{/B}} The science of meteorology (气象学) is concerned with the study of the structure, state, and behavior of the atmosphere. The subject may be be approached from several directions, but the scene cannot be fully appreciated from any one vantage point{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days ahead{{U}} (47) {{/U}} Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by of the preparation and analysis of weather maps and aerological (天气的，气象学的) diagrams. {{U}}(48) {{/U}}. In serving the needs of shipping, aviation, agriculture, industry, and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits are reaped in the from of the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds,{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are the disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}.A Different views must be integrated to give perspective to the whole picture.B The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dgnamic meteorologyC There are, of course, some exceptions.D This approach is coverd by the branch of the science called synoptic meteorology.E The practical importance of the numerous applications of weather forcasting can not be overestimated.F One important purpose of meteorology is constantly to strive, through advanced study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy of weather forecasts.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Conservation or Wasted Effort?{{/B}} The black robin (旅鸫) is one of the world's rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home, a "reserve", for threatened wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked (重新准备) with the robin's food. Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand. Is all this concern a waste of human effort?{{U}} (48) {{/U}}Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable? In the earth's long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of-success and died out. In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time.{{U}} (49) {{/U}}This is nature's proven method of operation. The rule of selection--"the survival of the fittest"--is the one by which human beings have themselves arrived on the scene. We, being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced, may last longer than most.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}You may take it as another rule that when, at last, human beings show signs of dying out, no other creature will extend a paw (爪) to postpone our departure. On the contrary, we will be hurried out. Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do anything about it.A Some creatures, certain small animals, insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast (比 ...... 长久) man, for they seem even more adaptable.B These that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early.C Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made.D Both represent orders in the classification of life.E Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out?F These are the only black robins left in the world.

填空题A. different labelsB. windows and glass doorsC. inland floodingD. early warningE. natural disasterF. a constant speed

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}The World's Longest Bridge{{/B}} Rumor 'has it that a legendary six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}When completed in 2010, the world's longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons -- equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic -- and stretch 5 kilometers long. "That's nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built," says structural engineer Shane Rixon. {{U}} (47) {{/U}}They're suspension bridges, massive structures, built to span vast water channels or gorges. A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure's mammoth weight, thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge. The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54,100-ton towers, which will support most of the bridge's load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built. When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}Getting these cables up will be something. It's not just their length -- totally 5.3 kilometers -- but their weight.{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. After lowering vertical "suspender" cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60- meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck -- wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. The deck's weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 159,000 tons -- equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}.A Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds.B What do the world's longest bridges have in common?C If true, one day you might spy the beast while zipping (呼啸而过) across the Messina Strait Bridge.D They're what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.E The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires.F They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons -- more than half the bridge's total mass.

填空题A new drug shows hope of conquering a form of leukemia by targeting the misbehaving cells two summers ago Douglas Jenson was so wiped out from battling chronic myelogenous(骨髓性的) leukemia(白血病) (CML) that he could do little more than sit by his window; watching the numbers on a thermometer rise and fall with the sun. Today thanks to an experimental drug called STI571 (brand name: Glivec), Jenson 67, is biking in Oregon and planning a trip to the Caribbean. "I feel wonderful," he says.2. So do his doctors. STI571, a "smart bomb" drug that targets leukemia cells without harming healthy ions, first made headlines last year when researchers announced that white blood counts had returned to normal in 31 out of 31 patients who had taken the pill. Last week scientists were hack reporting new data on just over 1000 patients. In one trial, more than 90 % of 532 people on the drug saw counts return to normal. And under microscopic examination, 28 percent showed no evidence of cancer left in their bone marrow.3. The drug even helped, although not as dramatically, some patients in the final "blast" phase of the disease, when survival is measured in months. STI571"has ignited the cancer-research field", says Dr Brian Druker, an Oregan Health Sciences University researcher who developed the drug with manufacturer Novartis.4. CML, diagnosed in 5100 Americans every year, is triggered when two chromosomes swap fragments of genetic information. CML starts with the mistaken swap of genes between two chromosomes. The resulting "Philadelphia chromosome" produces the mutant Bcr-Abl protein. Bcr-Abl transfers a phosphate from the chemical messenger ATP to other proteins. They initiate a flawed signal to white blood cells to replicate incessantly.5. STI571 returns blood counts back to normal for those patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML) in a "smart bomb way" by targeting the protein that sends the message to make the white blood cells. Bone marrow transplants can work extremely well, but they' re applicable only for a minority of patients; otherwise, standard treatment is the injectable drug interferon. Many patients, however, cannot tolerate the adverse effects, which include severe fatigue, weight loss and depression. The new pill works by deactivating the cancer cells' growth signal. Side effects- nausea, eye puffiness, muscle aches have been relatively mild so far.

填空题 The Science of Sport 1. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨栏) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动员) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast. 2. Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds? 3. Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance. 4. Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力) sports and require a different parathion (硝苯硫磷脂) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance. 5. But in any sport, a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization (想象) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice. 6. But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge? What's more, are all these advantages fair? A. Different sports require different training programs. B. Science may be too important today. C. Sports equipment has been improved a lot. D. Athletes are still breaking records. E. Sport science helps improve athletes' performances. F. Mental training is as important as physical training.