填空题People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to ______.

填空题Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for as to recognize people? ______ Yet a very young child—or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.A. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.B. Like the human face, human personality is very complex.C. But we can easily tell the" good guys" from the" bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.E. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.F. We also tell people apart by how they behav

填空题Read with Greater Speed Do you have difficulty reading in class? If so, especial reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain. At least one out of every five elementary school students in the US has trouble learning to read, even when the students are good at other subjects. 21 Researchers from Yale University, US, studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State．As part of the study, 37 struggling readers received special tutoring. Every day, instructors worked with them on recognizing how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes (音素). 22 By the end of the school year, these children could read faster than before. They also made fewer mistakes, and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year. As part of their study, the researchers used a special machine to take action photos of the students" brains. 23 This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read. This activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly. In lower level readers, this structure remains inactive. A year later, the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had gone through the special tutoring, and they continued to do well in reading tests. 24 However, some researchers still doubt the study. 25 A．Many adults are interested in matching sounds with letters. B．The students also practiced reading aloud and spelling. C．The biggest challenge for many of these kids, scientists say, is matching sounds with letters. D．Another group in the study who went through a more traditional reading program didn"t show the same progress. E．The pictures showed all increase in activity in the back of the brain on the left side. F．They believe that reading without making any noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.

填空题Cloning (克隆): Future Perfect? 1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves (牛犊) using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement. "We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years," he told the world. 2 Seed"s announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced. "We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year." 3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science. 4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next. 5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人).

填空题Chinese Dialects (方言) The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B. C. , and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished (贫穷). Of the 600 million people who call themselves Chinese, all but a very small number speak Chinese. But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking, for example, is as different from the speech of Canton as English is from German. There is to be sure, only one written language for all China, but it bears no phonetic(语音的)relationship to any of the spoken dialects. Moreover, it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it. As a result, most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces. Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall. After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda(宣传) machine, the present government is putting everything into tackling the language problem. But the obstacles are so formidable(难以应付的) that the results cannot yet be predicted. At the heart the problem is the dialects. The dialects' prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics. Instead, the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound, and they have clung to it for more than 3,000 years. When this system is applied to a whole language, it results in an overwhelming number of symbols. There are about 50,000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds(复合词). In order to be literate, a Chinese must learn 6,000; to be moderately educated, 12,000. An English-speaking child, having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet, has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade. A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning; in the seventh grade, he can barely read a Chinese newspaper. A. Dealing with the Problem of Various Dialects B. Difficulties in Learning Chinese C. Features of Chinese Dialects D. Differences in Chinese Dialects E. Dialects as Heart of the Problem F. Ways of the Government to Tackle the Problem

填空题Paragraph 5 ______

填空题Adult Education 1. Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something*which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self-understanding ,or develop new talents and skills. 2. This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations. 3. Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities, new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults. 4. The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics’ institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727. 5. People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Cell Phones 1．Believe it or not，cell phones have been around for over a quarter of a century．The first commercial cell phone system was developed by the Japanese in 1979，but cell phones have changed a lot since that time．The early cell phones were big and heavy but they have developed into small and light palm sized models．There have been huge developments in their functions，too：we have had call forwarding，text messaging，answering services and hands-free use for years，but now there are countless new facilities，such as instant access to the Internet and receiving and sending photos． 2．Cell phones have become very common in our lives：recent statistics suggest as many as one in three people on the planet now have a cell phone，and most of them say they couldn't live without one． Cell phones are used in every area of our lives and have become a necessary tool，used for essential arrangements，social contact and business．They have made it easier to call for help on the highway．They have made it possible to keep in touch with people“on the move”-when people are traveling． 3．Cell phones have made communication easier and have reduced the need for family arguments!We can use cell phones to let our family know we'll be late or if there's a sudden change of plan or an emergency．Cell phones have eased the worries of millions of parents when their teenagers are out late：they can now contact their children at any time． 4．This does not mean that cell phones are all good news．They have brought with them a number of new headaches for their owners：it costs a lot to replace stolen phones，something that is becoming a frequent occurrence，and have you ever seen such huge phone bills?More serious，however，is the potential health problem they bring：there are fears that radiation from the phones may cause brain tumor(肿瘤)． This may be a time bomb waiting to happen to younger people who have grown up with cell phones that they simply can't live without! A．Cell phones and the family B．Commercial cell phone systems C．Cell phones in everyday life D．Cell phones for teenagers E．History of cell phones F．Problems with cell phones

填空题 American Dreams There is a common response to America among foreign writers: the U.S. is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a cliche(陈词滥调). In the land of black and white, people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}No class system or government stands in the way. Sadly, this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy. The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} Over the past 25 years the median U.S. family income has gone up 18 percent. For the top 1 percent, however, it has gone up 200 percent. Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} Inequalities have grown worse in different regions. In California, incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 percent since 1969. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans. The wealthiest 1 percent of households now control a third of the national wealth. There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty. At 12.7 percent of the population, it is the highest percentage in the developed world. Yet the tax burden on America's rich is falling, not growing. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole. But clearly that theory has not worked in reality. A. Nobody is poor in the U.S.. B. The top 0.01 percent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980. C. For upper class families they have risen 41 percent. D. Now it is 9.8 times. E. As it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller. F. All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.

填空题 Icy Microbes 1. In ice that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake for more than 2,800 years, scientists have found frozen bacteria and algae that returned to life after thawing. The research may help in the search for life on Mars, which is thought to have subsurface lakes of ice. 2. A research team led by Peter Doran of the University of Illinois at Chicago drilled through more than 39 feet ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae. When Doran's team brought them back and warmed them up a bit, they sprang back to life. 3. Doran said the microbes have been age-dated at 2,800 years old, but even older microbes may live deeper in the ice sheet sealing the lake, and in the briny water below the ice. That deeper ice and the water itself will be cautiously sampled in a later expedition that will test techniques that may one day be used on Mars. 4. Called Lake Vida, the 4.5-square-kilometer body is one of a series of lakes located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, some 2,200 kilometers due south of New Zealand. This lake has been known since the 1950s, but people ignored it because they thought it was just a big block of ice. While at the site for other research in the 1990s, Doran and his colleagues sent radar signals into the clear ice covering the lake and were surprised to find that 62 feet below there was a pool of liquid water that was about seven times more salty than seawater. 5. That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a hole down to within a few feet of the water layer. At the bottom of this hole, researchers harvested specimens of algae and bacteria. 6. The searchers will return in 2004 equipped with instruments that are sterilized. They will then drill through the full 62 feet of ice and sample some of the briny water from the lake for analysis. The water specimen will be cultured to see if it contains life. Specimens from the water are expected to be even older than the life forms extracted from the ice covering. A．Significance of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in the Deep Ice Sheet B．Special Features of Lake Vida C．Later Expedition on Mars D．2004 Revisit Planned for Collecting Lake Water Specimens E．Antarctic Frozen Life Sampled and Revived F．Accidental Discovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in Antarctica

填空题Nicola Walters had time for the experiments ______.

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Before you can use a fax modem, you must specify it as active. Also, only one fax modem can be used at a time. If you have more than one available, you need to specify which one you want to be active. Make sure that Mail is closed and the Outbox is empty before you specify the active modem.2. If you plan to use a fax modem located on another computer on your network, you need to specify the name of the computer and the name of the shared directory. You may also need to supply a password for the shared directory. Your workgroup administrator or the person whose fax .modem it is can give you this information.3. When you share a fax modem, anyone using the network can connect to it to send faxes. Because of this, you might receive faxes for Other people in addition to faxes intended for you. You need to forward faxes intended for others.4. You can send a fax from Mail or from an application. When you send a fax from Mail, your fax can include other documents that you attach. When you send a fax from an application, the current document becomes the fax message. You can send the same message to both' Mail and PC Fax recipients at the same time by using a combination of mail and fax addresses. If you send many faxes to the same recipients, you can avoid having to type the fax number each time by adding fax numbers to your Personal Address Book in Mail.5. You can use the Personal Address Book in Mail to store commonly used fax numbers in addition to commonly used mail addresses. You do not need to include the recipient's name when you type a fax address. However, if you have selected the option in Mail to add recipients automatically to the Personal Address Book, and you use a name in the fax address, the address is added by name rather than by fax number.6. You can receive a fax directly via a fax modem on your computer, or another person who has a fax modem on their computer can use Mail to forward a fax to you. In either case, incoming faxes appear exactly like incoming mail messages in your Mail Inbox. You can view a fax on your screen, print it, save it on your hard disk, reply to it, or forward it.

填空题A. will influence future climate changeB. was somewhat surprisingC. will rise rapidlyD. was known to us allE. was much higher than had been expectedF. will drop dramatically

填空题I"ll Be Bach 1 Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people can"t tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685—1750) and the Bach-like compositions from Cope"s computer. 2 It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers" brains work like big databases. First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left. According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it. 3 Cope built a huge database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data: it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They weren"t good, but it was a start. 4 Cope knew he had more work to do—he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyze more complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work, to the database. 5 A few years later, Cope"s computer program, called "Emmy", was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computer"s musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling , and it was a great success ! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work. 6 Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn"t like of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!

填空题Development in Newspaper Organization One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century 1 , which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue 2 . Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (PUI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story. Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers 3 . A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and 4 . Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined 5 . Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry. A. to play an important role in newspaper operations B. was the growth of telegraph services C. and they usually enjoy great prestige D. they are usually operated by a single owner E. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs F. owned by a single person or organization

填空题 Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing In today's knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germans export engineering techniques. The French serve, the best food and Americans make computers. Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk and more talk. The World Foundation think tank says the UK's four iconic jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can. Although the country's trade deficit was more than ￡60 billion in 2006, UK's largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world class pharmaceutical industry? And it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services-accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, me country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock 'n' roll is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy. However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK's exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities", 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent). In fact, it might be better to call Britain a "servant" economy—there are at least 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector—in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes. A．Growth of Economy B．"Servant" Economy C．Strength of the Creative Economy D．Weakness of the Creative Economy E．Gift of talking F．Export of Talking Machines

填空题Development in Newspaper Organization One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century 1 , which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue 2 . Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (PUI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story. Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers 3 . A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and 4 . Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined 5 . Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry. A. to play an important role in newspaper operations B. was the growth of telegraph services C. and they usually enjoy great prestige D. they are usually operated by a single owner E. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs F. owned by a single person or organization

填空题 A. China failed to develop a single written language based on phonetics B. a Chinese child is supposed to learn much more words than his English speaking counterpart C. Chinese dialects differ from each other to a great extent D. the Chinese language system has no relation to sound E. educate more people to learn the same language F. there is only a small part of the population who understand the large number of symbols

填空题A its detecting power B millions of light years away in space C the location of the VLT D as an example E the birth of the earth F the rotation of the earth

填空题False Fear of Big Fish Many people believe sharks are dangerous and will always try to hurt or even kill humans. (46) . A shark exhibition at the National Aquarium (水族馆) in Baltimore, U.S., proves this. Visitors can touch young sharks see their eggs develop and watch a dozen different species swim smoothly around a huge tank. Most people fail to realize that shark attacks don't happen very often. Humans are mote likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark. (47) . There, kids Call learn, from an early age, not to fear sharks. "People fear what they don't know," said Nancy Hotchkiss an organizer of the exhibition. "Sharks have been around for 400 million years and play an important role in the ocean's food chain. We want people to discover that sharks are amazing animals that need our respect and protection." (48) . A study, published in January in the US magazine, Science, found that almost all recorded shark species have fallen by half in the past eight to 15 years. Thousands of sharks are hunted in Asia for special foods, such as shark fin soup. And many others get caught in nets, while fishermen are hunting other fish. (49) . "Some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean for sharks," said Dave Schofield, the manager of the aquarium's ocean health program me. (50) .A. They call watch them develop inside their eggs and feel the skin of the older swimmers.B. A shocking 100 million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans.C. In fact, 94 per cent of the world's 400 species are harmless to humans.D. It is a worrying situation and some areas have put measures in place to protect these special fish.E. And to make this point clear, the museum has set up a special touching pool for children.F. More than half of the sharks caught are smaller than 1 meter lon