填空题 What's Lacking in "Sicko"? When it comes to economic decisions, there are always trade offs (取舍). Gain one thing and you lose something else.{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} The central argument of Michael Moore's movie "Sicko" —that the cure to the nation, health care problems is a single—payer system—is hardly novel and is certainly worth consideration, whether or not you agree with it. But in comparing the American system with single-payer plans of other countries—Britain, France, Canada and Cuba Mr. Moore left out the trade-offs, characterizing those countries as health care paradises. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}Kurt Loder, the film critic who is best known as the anchor(主持人)of "MTV News", wrote a critique(批评)of the film for MTV's website. "Sicko," he said, "does a real service" in portraying(描绘)victims of American insurance companies'—like the people, who died because their only treatment options were considered "experimental" and therefore not covered. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} When "governments attempt to regulate the balance between a limited supply of health care and an unlimited demand for it, they're inevitably forced to ration treatment". Mr.Loder asserted. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}Mr. Loder cited the short film "Dead Meat", which presents anecdotes (轶事) of failure. In the Canadian single-payer system in its one—sidedness, "Dead Meat", might have made for a nice double feature with "Sicko" and left movie-goers with a more complete understanding of the complications of deciding on a health care system. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} This all makes an otherwise "emotionally compelling film not necessarily an intellectually satisfying one," wrote Darren Barefoot, a Canadian blogger (客作者). A. This is particularly true in health care, a market in which scarce (稀罕的) goods are ridiculously expensive, but needed by everybody. B. Mr. Moore also decided to ignore problems in other countries, like France's high taxes and Britain's cash—short hospitals. C. But the film as a whole, he concluded, is "breathtakingly meretricious (似是而非的)," in large part because of its characterizations of other countries' health care systems. D. The problems have been noticed--and criticism is coming not just from Mr. Moore's detractors(诋毁者). E. He ticked off a number of negative statistics to counter the positive ones offered by Mr. Moore. F. Health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness.

填空题A. to send goods to various pans of the worldB. at any time during the yearC. has greatly promoted tradeD. is it possible to produce on a large scaleE. the transport of goodsF. it is possible to produce on a large scale

填空题Mt. Desert Island The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. 1 At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier (冰川) descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountain sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons (咸水湖) . The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. 2 Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2, 500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. 3 For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But, the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate (温带) and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine (高山的) plants. 4 The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island. The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain. 5 From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by a retreating glacier. A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. B. Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier. C. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly keep it to themselves. D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age. E. This mountain rises 1, 532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore. F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.

填空题Semco At 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his father business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts for ships. Semler Junior worked like a madman, from 7:30 a. m., until mid-night every day. One afternoon, while touring a factory in New York, he collapsed. The doctor who treated him said, "There is nothing wrong with you. But if you continue like this, you"ll find a new home in our hospital." Semler got the message. He changed the way he worked. In fact, he changed the way his employees worked too. He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong. He allowed them to set their own salaries, and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary, like receptionists and secretaries. 11 "Everyone at Semco, even top managers, meets guests in reception, does the photocopying, sends faxes, types letters and dials the phone." He completely reorganized the office, instead of walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses can"t shut themselves away from everyone else. 12 As for uniforms, some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts. Semler says, "We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour. He doesn"t even pretend to be busy. But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails and millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea, Rubin springs into action. 13 That"s when he earns his salary." Semco has flexible working hours, the employees decide when they need to arrive at work. The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year. 14 It sounds perfect. But does it work? The answer is in the numbers, in the last six years. Semco"s revenues have gone from $35 million to $212 million. The company has grown from 800 employees to 3,000. Why? Semler says it"s because of "peer pressure". Peer pressure makes everyone work hard for everyone else. 15 In other words, Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults. And they do. A. This saved money and brought more equality to the company. B. He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them. C. And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want. D. Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work. E. If someone isn"t doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue. F．Also, Semco lets its workers use the company"s machines for their own projects, and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year.

填空题 Ford 1. Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process—not invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891, although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market. 2. The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive(高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming(嗡嗡作响)along in 1914, the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes. 3. The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5 a day minimum Wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average Wage in the auto industry then was $2.34 for a 9hour shift. Ford not only doubled that. he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan "an economic crime". and critics everywhere laughed at Ford. 4. But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Ford's dream to make the automobile accessible(可及的)to all the critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didn't matter—except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.

填空题Ruining the Ruins Acid rain (酸雨) is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases are produced by power stations and cars. They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams. Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks, and buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone (石灰石), are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are eroded (受腐蚀) more quickly. (46) According to a report in the New Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins in Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD 900, and the spectacular ruins of Mayan civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year. But those ruins are in danger of being seriously damaged by pollution. At many sites the stone has been covered with a layer of black substance. (47) Scientists estimate that about one millimeter of stone is worn away every twelve years. (48) The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced. (49) Mexico's current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil fields and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA．and earning a lot of money. (50) However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. So unless the price of oil rises, it is unlikely that Mexico will be able to afford to clean up the pollution and save its Mayan ruins from destruction. A．At others the painted surfaces inside temples are lifting and flaking off (剥落) and the stone is being eaten away. B．That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already. C．These measures would reduce the pollution, but would not stop it completely. D．The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts. E．The problem, however, is not just a European one. F．However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.

填空题Earth Angels 1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a "No Butts on the Beach" campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches dean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris (残片). 2. People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built. 3. Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water—a real danger in rural areas where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the "Don"t Be Crude" program runs oil collection sites—tanks that hold up to 460 gallons—where people in the community can dispose of their oil. 4. Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn"t have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. "We really take water for granted," says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. "In other countries, you have to plan for it." Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryan"s Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.

填空题 The First Four Minutes When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his hook, Contact: The first four minutes, he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met.{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much. When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says," People like people who like themselves." On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes. Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way." {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one." But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honest" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later. The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}That is at least as important as how much we know. A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits. B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends. C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. E. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room. F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.

填空题Barriers to Transportation and Communication Transportation and communication networks bring people together. Yet sometimes people themselves create barriers (障碍) to transportation and communication. In many countries, laws stop their citizens from moving freely from place to place. Over the centuries, many groups of people have been denied the freedom to travel because of their race, religion, or nationality. In the Middle Ages, for example, Jews were often forbidden to move about freely within certain cities. South Africa"s government used to require black Africans to carry passes when they travel within the country. Some governments require all citizens to carry identification papers and to report to government officials whenever they move. Countries set up customs posts at their borders. Foreign travellers must go through a customs inspection before they are allowed to travel in the country. Usually travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas (签证). Some countries even limit the number of visitors to their country each year. Others allow tourists to visit only certain areas of the country, or they may require that travellers be with an official guide at all times during their stay. Many of those barriers to travel also act as barriers to communication. When two governments disagree with each other on important matters, they usually do not want their citizens to exchange news or ideas freely. Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret. Today, people have the ability to travel, to communicate and to transport goods more quickly and easily than ever before. Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to cross a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily. The barriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome. But in spite of all the different kinds of barriers, people continue to enjoy travel and the exchange of goods and ideas.

填空题 Smoke Gets in Your Mind 1. Lung cancer, hypertension, heart disease, birth defects—we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern—mental illness. According to some controversial new findings, if smoking does not kill you, it may, quite litter, drive you to despair. 2. The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety. But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth: that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders, panic attacks and depression, perhaps even schizophrenia. 3. Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide. Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke, and up to 88 percent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia smokers. A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness. 4. But the big question is why? The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking, or smoke more to alleviate some of their distress. Even when smoking seems to start before the illness, most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up. But perhaps something more sinister is going on. 5. A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause, not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety. "We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health, and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness," says Naomi Breslau, director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit. 6. Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility. The hint came from studies, published in 1998, which followed a group of just over 1,000 young adults for a five-year period. The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study, though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smoking before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period smoking, and it seems, could pre-date illness. 7. At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed. But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link, she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking, perhaps the nicotine itself, could somehow affect the brain and cause depression. 8. One of these larger studies was led by Goodman, a pediatrician. She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed, and might or might not have been smokers, while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month. After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers, previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour, not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non-smoking peers. Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens. "Current cigarette use is however, a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms." 9. Breslau, too, finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers. It's a hard message to get across, because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit, not when they smoke. But Breslau says that this is a short-lived effect of withdrawal which masks the reality that, in general, smokers have higher anxiety levels than non-smokers or ex-smokers.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Changes of Museums{{/B}} {{U}} (46) {{/U}}They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. {{U}} (47) {{/U}}Some of the old, gray museums have been rebuilt, and the newer ones are open and modern in their architecture. Inside, there is modern lighting, color, and sound. Instead of displaying everything they own, museum directors show fewer objects and leave open spaces where visitors can gather and sit down. They also bring together in one display a group of objects drawn from various parts of the museum in an effort to represent the whole lifestyle of a region or a historical period.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}. More and more, museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experence of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass-blowing and paper-making.{{U}} (49) {{/U}}The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}. A The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. B Museums have changed. C In one room, for instance, you may find materials, clothing, tools, cooking pots, furniture, and art works of a particular place and time. D Instead of being places that one "should" visit, they are places to enjoy. E There are open spaces that museums leave for visitors. F Many museums have changed in appearance.

填空题Bomb Explosions in Thailand The New Year celebration in Thailand was shattered by violence, when nine bombs exploded across Bangkok around midnight. Three Thai citizens were killed and more than 30 injured. Among the injured, six were foreigners. No Chinese casualties were reported, the Chinese Embassy in Bangkok, the capital, said on Monday. 16 But other embassies have advised their citizens to avoid traveling to Bangkok. "There is a possibility of further attacks in coming days," said a travel advisory (公告) from Australia. "Australians are urged to avoid unnecessary travel in Bangkok." No terrorist group claimed responsibility for the bombings by Tuesday. 17 Bombings and shootings occur almost daily in Thailand"s three southernmost provinces. Yala, Naarathiwat and Pattani have a dominant Muslim population and have long complained of neglect (忽视) and discrimination (歧视) in the largely Buddhist (佛教徒的) nation. They have asked for independence and a separate state. Since 2004, the insurgents (叛乱者) have carried out numerous attacks in the south and more than 1,900 people have been killed. 18 But Thai Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont said on Monday that domestic politics rather than the Muslim insurgency were behind the bombings. "It is likely related to people who lost their political benefits," Surayud said, referring to Thaksin Shinawatra. 19 Surayud was later appointed interim (临时的) prime minister. Thaksin, however, still enjoys widespread support, especially in the countryside. 20 Thaksin"s lawyer, Noppadol Patama, denied his client"s involvement in the bombings, according to a local website. A．Some believe the explosions were the work of separatists. B．Some believe that several senior army officers loyal to Thaksin plotted the bombings with ousted (赶下台) politicians to discredit (败坏名声) the government. C．Thaksin was ousted in a military coup (政变) last September. D．The Thai Government has been unable to control the violence, though thousands of troops have been sent to the south. E．The embassy issued no travel warnings. F．Nobody is to blame.

填空题下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 I Know Just How You Feel Do you feel sad?Happy?Angry?You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique． Well，think again．Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified，according to Mind Reading，a DVD displaying every possible human emotion．It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel：the first visual dictionary of the human heart． Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s，when Darwin divided the emotions into sixtypes-anger，fear，sadness，disgust，surprise and enjoyment．{{U}} (46) {{/U}}Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group．More complex expressions of emotion were probably learn ed and therefore more specific to each culture．But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide．{{U}} (47) {{/U}}The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions． The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism(孤独症)，who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions．But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses．Actors and teachers，for example，need to understand a wide range of expressions．The professor and his research team first had to define an“emotion”．{{U}} (48) {{/U}}Using this definition，1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed．This list was eventually reduced to 412，from“afraid”to“wanting”． Once these emotions were defined and classified，a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them．In Mind Reading，each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds． {{U}}(49) {{/U}}The explanation for this is simple：we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words，but we instantly recognise one when we see it on someone's face．“It was really clear when the actots had got it right，”says Cathy Collis，who directed the DVD．“Although they were given some direction，”says Ms Collis，“the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move．{{U}} (50) {{/U}}” For example，when someone feels contempt，you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down． Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American，Professor Paul Ekman，who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion．The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called“action units”．These can be combined into more than 10,000 visible facial shapes．Ekman has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion． A．We thought of trying to describe each emotion，but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this． B．These particular muscles are difficult to control，and few people can do it． C．Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions． D．They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by“I feel”or“he looks”or“she sounds”． E．He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognisable by anyone，from any culture． F．Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions，such as words，would have been far less effective．

填空题Teach Your Child Science 1. It is important to make your child interested in science from an early age. Most young children ask a lot of questions and you should give careful scientific answers. Don"t only give facts, but try to give explanations as well. 2. Science is not just knowledge; it is a way of thinking, a method of finding out about the world. We see something. We try to explain it, and we test our idea by setting up an experiment. One day you come home and find the plant on the table has fallen over. You think it might be the wind from the open window or the cat, so you close the window, but leave the cat in and see what happens (You can also try leaving the window open and shutting the cat out). Of course, you remember there may be a third explanation. 3. Ask your child to get a piece of string, some salt, a glass of water and an ice cube (冰块). Tell her to put the ice in the water, and then put one end of the string on the ice, leaving the other end over the side of the glass. Put a little salt on the ice. Wait a minute, and then pull the string; it should be attached to the ice. Ask the child: "What has happened?" 4. Probably she won"t know. Ask her whether fresh water or salt water freezes into ice first. If you live near the sea and have a cold winter, she should know fresh water freezes first as she will have seen that happen. Show her how to test the idea by half-filling two paper cups with water, adding salt to one. Then put them in the icebox and check every three minutes. Write the results in a table. The conclusion will be that salt changes the behaviour of water. Thinking about the string, we see the salt turned some of the ice into water. Then the salt went away into the water and the ice froze again leaving the string attached. 5. Then you can ask, "Will water with salt boil at the same temperature as water without salt?" She can think, tell you her idea and (taking care because of the heat) you can test it in the kitchen.

填空题The Joy of Living Alone More and more Americans are living alone. Some live alone because of divorce or the death of a partner. 1 According to a recent US census (人口普查), 25 percent of all households in the US are made up of just one person. This is a dramatic change from the extended families of just a couple of generations ago. The typical person living alone is neither old nor lonely. 2 The majority of these people have chosen to live alone. They are responding to decreasing social pressure to get married and have a family. It"s now socially acceptable, even fashionable, to live alone. As people get better jobs and become financially independent, it becomes possible for them to maintain one person household. 3 However, people who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often. The number one reason given by most people for living alone is that they simply enjoy doing what they want when they want to do it. "Living alone is a luxury," says Nina Hagiwara, "Once you do it, you can"t ever go back to living with others." David C" Debaca, agrees. 4 Children think that being grown up means being able to do exactly as they please. 5 The chance to discover whether that freedom is as wonderful as it sounds is a chance more and more Americans are taking. A. There"s more pressure to get married nowadays. B. The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone. C. However, even more people are living alone because they have chosen to. D. It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream. E. In fact, a quarter of the 23 million single people in the US are under the age of 35. F. He says, "I like being by myself."

填空题A anticipating the crucial questions B lie detectors are wildly used in the United States C convicted of crimes they have not committed D whether to adopt the lie detectors or not E they discount human imagination and ingenuity F lie detectors ire misleadingly attractive

填空题A. industrially polluted soils B. rock and soil chemistry C. naturally polluted soils D. the pathways of metals into the food E. the element of iodine F. the persistence of heavy metals

填空题 The Supercomputer Network 1. Recently ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their computers have been connected so they can "talk" to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news, but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously. 2. The Internet is an interconnected (互联) system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download (下载) files, how much data you can store, etc. If your computer is old and slow. Accessing the information can be very difficult. 3. The new development in information technology has been called "the grid" (网络技术), and it willbe a network of computers that are linked together. The "grid" will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations. 4. One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The "grid" will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska. 5. The "grid" can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and "he" will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the "grid" that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait. 6. At present, possible applications of the "grid" in scientific research are being explored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the "grid" could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on "grid" projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题，(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Women's Rights Movement{{/B}}1．Women's rights are guarantees of political, social, and economic equality for women in a society that traditionally gives more power and freedom to men. Among these rights are control of property, equality of opportunity in education and employment, right of voting, and freedom of marriage. Today, complete political, economic, and social equality with men remains to be achieved.2．Male control was obvious from the time of the earliest written historical records, probably as a result of men's role in hunting and warfare. The belief that women were naturally weaker and inferior to men was also found in god-centered religions. Therefore, in most traditional societies, women generally were at a disadvantage. Their education was limited to learning domestic skills, and they had no access to positions of power. A woman had no legal control over her person, her own land and money, or her children.3．The Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, which caused economic and social progress, provided a favorable climate for the rise of women's rights movement in the late 18th and 19th century. In 1848 more than 100 persons held the first women's rights convention in New York, and the feminists demanded equal rights, including the vote.4．In the late 1960s women made up about 40 percent of the work force in England, France, Germany, and the United States. This figure rose to more than 50 percent by the mid-1981s. A commission under the President was established in 1960 to consider equal opportunities for women. Acts of Congress entitled them to equality in education, employment, and legal rights. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act, initially intended only for blacks was extended to women.5．The objectives of the women's movement included equal pay for equal work, federal support for day-care centers, recognition of lesbian (女性同性恋) rights, making abortion legal, and the focus of serious attention on the problems of forced sex relations, wife and child beating, and discrimination against older and minority women.

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务；(1)第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing{{/B}} 1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. 2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a. number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only? hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night's sleep than 8-hour sleepers. 3 These findings, which Dr. Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night's rest may not need to set aside more than g hours a night. He added that "it might be a good idea" for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. 4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep -- for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. 5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. 6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. "It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they'll spend a higher percentage of time awake," he said.