单选题In times of economic difficulty, corporate budgets for research and development are often {{U}}slashed{{/U}} before any others.

单选题Which statement best describes strong partisans?

单选题The winter was ______ cold, causing great hardship to the poorer people in this area.A. exceptionallyB. explosivelyC. extensivelyD. expressively

单选题Men Smell of Cheese and Women of Onions Little girls may be made of sugar and all things nice, but their armpits (腋部) 1 of onions. And while free of slug or snail odours, men"s armpits pack a 2 cheesy whiff. That"s the 3 of research in Switzerland that involved taking armpit sweat samples from 24 men and 25 women after he had 4 time in a sauna or ridden an exercise bike for 15 minutes. The researchers found marked 5 in the sweat from men and women. "Men smell of cheese, and women of grapefruit (葡萄柚) or onion," says Christian Starkenmann of Firmenich, a company in Geneva 6 researches flavors and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies. The team 7 that the women"s armpit sweat constrained relatively high levels of an odourless sulphur-containning compound—5 milligrams per milliliter of sweat versus 0.5 milligrams in men. When the researchers mixed this compound in the lab with bacteria commonly found in the armpit, the bug turned it into a thiol (硫醇)—a previously discovered odour from armpits that is 8 to onion. "The more sulphur (硫) precursor we 9 , the more intense was the malodour (难闻的气味，恶臭)," says Starkenmann, whose team"s results appear in Chemical Senses. Bacterial enzymes (酶) turn the otherwise odourless precursor 10 the malodour. The men, meanwhile, had relatively high levels of an odourless fatty acid which turned into a cheesy odour when 11 to the same types of bacteria. The balance of oniony to cheesy precursors in women"s sweat made it smell worse than men"s as rated by independent smell assessors. Nest; the team hope to develop new ingredients for deodorants that 12 the smells. "We could make inhibitors that neutralize the precursors, or block the bacterial enzymes that do the conversion," says Starkenmann. Some researchers are skeptical that gender is the main deciding factor, 13 that the patterns found in Swiss volunteers might not apply to other populations with different diets and genetic background. "Other factors 14 what you eat, what you wash with, what you wear and what genes you 15 ," says Tim Jacob of Cardiff University in the U. K.

单选题He emphasized a feasible plan which can be accepted by the both sides.

单选题he spoke in a {{U}}temperate{{/U}} manner, not favouring either side especially.

单选题She bumped into her boyfriend in town this morning. A. walked B. came C. fled D. ran

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} Don't Count on Dung "Conservationists(自然保护主义者)may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, " say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪)the creatures leave behind. The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society(WCS) in New York. Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. "We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect, "says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays because it's extremely difficult to determine these rates. However, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere. "But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray(离开正道)," says Plumptre. He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around. "This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally," says Plumptre "However accurate your dung density estimate might be the decay rate can severely affect the result." Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephant's natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small, protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says" If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(入侵偷猎)outside. " Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows(地洞).

单选题The Writing"s on the Wall? Is it art or is it just vandalism (野蛮行为)? Well, it"s still a crime, but graffiti (涂鸦) has changed since the days of spraying your name on a wall to mark your territory. Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his "tag", all over the New York underground in 1971, and hip-hop culture was born. Hip-hop is a mixture of art, music and dancing, poetry, language and fashion. It came from young inner-city people who fell left out by their richer classmates and who were desperate to express themselves in any way they could. An experiment to control the spread of graffiti in Rochdale, greater Manchester, has been so successful that plans have been made by local street artists for an international convention in June. "We"re planning to get people together from different countries like France and Cermany for a week," says Liam, one of the organizers. The scheme started in 2000, and has attracted people of all age groups and both sexes. "We all share a commen interest and get on really well with each other." The first site to be chosen was a subway. "Before we began, people were afraid to use the subway. We had it cleaned up and now, with all the artists hanging out down there, people are using it again. People can relate to graffiti much more now." By providing places to display their talents legally, there has been a fall in the amount of "tagging" on people"s private property. Street artists Temper developed his drawing skills at a young age. In art classes at school he was really frustrated because the art teacher didn"t spend time with him. They thought he was already very good at art and so spend more time with other students. So, at 12 years old, Temper started painting with all these guys he"d hooked up with who were about 22 years old. He looked up to them and loved what they were doing on the streets of Wolvehampicn, England. "The whole hip-hop scene was built up of different things and I did a bit of everything. But it was always the graffiti I was best at." he says.

单选题Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart According to scientists in the USA, stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure. Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery. They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged. They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them (they had also suffered from severe heart failure). The patients who had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump (用泵抽运) more blood than the others. According to Professor Robert Kormos, one of the researchers, these results could revolutionize heart treatment. Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit, this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better. All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly. The scientists measured their ejection fraction (射血分数). It is a measure of heart performance; you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle (心室). Healthy people"s ejection fraction is about 55%. These patients had ejection fraction of under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery (搭桥手术) performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle. Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1% while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37.2%. No side effects were reposed. Heart failure is a common problem all over the world. In the UK alone about 650,000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant. Current treatments relieve the symptoms. This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.

单选题阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 Where Did All the Ships Go? The Bermuda Triangle (三角区) is one {{U}}(51) {{/U}} the greatest mysteries of the sea. In this triangular area between Florida, Puerto Rico and Bermuda in Atlantic, ships and airplanes {{U}}(52) {{/U}} to disappear more often than in {{U}}(53) {{/U}} parts of the ocean. And they do so {{U}}(54) {{/U}} leaving any sign of an accident or any dead bodies. It is {{U}}(55) {{/U}} that Christopher Columbus was the first person to record strange happenings in the area. His compass. stopped working, a flame came down from the sky, and a wave 100 to 200-feet-high carried his ship about a mile away. The most famous disappearance in the Bermuda Triangle was the US Naval (海军的) Air Flight 19. {{U}}(56) {{/U}} December 5,1945, five bomber planes carrying 14 men {{U}}(57) {{/U}} on a training mission from the Florida coast. Later that day, all communications with Flight 19 were lost. They just disappeared without a trace. The next morning, 242 planes and 19 ships took part in the largest air-sea search in history. But they found nothing. Some people blame the disappearances {{U}}(58) {{/U}} supernatural (超自然的) forces, It is suggested the {{U}}(59) {{/U}} ships and planes were either transposed to other times and places kidnapped (绑架) by aliens (外星人) {{U}}(60) {{/U}} attacked by sea creatures. There are {{U}}(61) {{/U}} natural explanations, though. The US Navy says that the Bermuda Triangle is one of two places on earth {{U}}(62) {{/U}} a magnetic compass (指南针) points towards true north {{U}}(63) {{/U}} magnetic north, {{U}}(64) {{/U}}, planes and ships can lose their way if they don't make adjustments. The area also has changing weather and is known {{U}}(65) {{/U}} its high waves. Storms can turn up suddenly and destroy a plane or ship. Fast currents could then sweep away any trace of an accident.

单选题Storm - water runoff—also called urban runoff or runoff pollution—is rainwater plus everything else it sucks up after hitting the ground: oil and grease from autos, emissions, brake dust, road salts and pathogens (病原体，致病菌) from animal waste. "In many U. S. cities, urban runoff far exceeds industrial waste as the main pollutant in local waterways, "says Steve Fleischli, president of the environmental watchdog Water keeper Alliance. The growth of AbTech's revenues—projected to crack $10 million in 2010—speaks to the growing number of cities eager to address the problem. Storm - water runoff is a mixture ofA. rainwater pills everything it takes away after hitting the ground.B. oil grease from autos, emissions, brake dust, road salts and animal waste.C. industrial Waste plus pollutant in local waterways.D. rainwater plus industrial wast

单选题We derive knowledge mainly from books.A. depriveB. obtainC. descendD. trace

单选题Talks on climate change resumed in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to {{U}}combat{{/U}} global warming. A. focus on B. settles down C. fight against D. sum up

单选题The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.A. rejectedB. investigatedC. proposedD. postponed

单选题hich of the following shows good table manners?

单选题This meeting which should be held today is {{U}}postponed{{/U}} to next week.

单选题Winners and Losers Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc (集团) and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated by the Chinese adoption of market economics. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years. In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure; many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years. In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies, often under pressure from International Monetary Fund. First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and all adequate method for collecting taxes. Encouraged by the IMF the World Bank and the U. S. Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin's regime privatized the state owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs (寡头政治集团成员), who knew how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home. In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula. Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes. Botswana and Uganda are also Success stories. Despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.

单选题The department Udeferred/U the decision for six months.

单选题The phrase "wary of" in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by