单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} Kobe Bryant After 10 seasons wearing the No. 8 on his back, Kobe Bryant will become No. 24 next season. The reason for the surprising decision by the Los Angeles Lakers super guard last week has become a hot topic for debate. Bryant wore No. 24 when he was in early high school, but he changed to No. 33 in his senior year. He switched to No. 8 when he was selected by the Lakers in 1996, and has not been changed since. Bryant has refused to explain the decision until the end of the play-offs (季后赛). So guessing Bryant's motive has become a popular game among NBA fans and newspaper columnists(专栏作家). There are all kinds of speculations. Many say that Bryant wants to leave the past behind and have a fresh start. He has often been criticized for playing to benefit himself and not the team as a whole. Others say that he may be trying to compare himself to Michael Jordan. Jordan was famous for his No. 23 jersey(运动衫). Some, such as NBA Sport columnist Michael Venter, argue that it is "all about money". Bryant will make more money by selling new jerseys to his fans. Some speculations are more about fun. For example, there is an opinion that Kobe is actually just a diehard(非常执著的) fan of the popular TV drama"24". All this talk has turned the number change into a major issue. It seems that there is a lot of fuss (大惊小怪) over something that should be pretty simple. Jersey numbers have their own special significance in American sports, especially basketball. Players choose their number when they join a team and they usually stick with that number for the rest of their career. When a great player retires, his team will honor him by retiring his number. To some extent, the jersey is the player, and the player is the jersey. Thus, when you see the famous No. 23 for the Chicago Bulls, you immediately think about Michael Jordan. A No. 32 Miami Heats jersey recalls the image of Shaquille O'Neal, and the Houston Rockets No. 11 belongs only to Yao Ming. Lots of stories are behind players' jersey number selections. Jordan said that he chose No. 23 because it was roughly half of 45．Jordan's elder brother wore the No. 45 in college. Yao Ming once revealed that the No. 11 stands for two people in love—meaning him and his girlfriend Ye Li.

单选题The Barbie Dolls In the mid 1940"s, the young ambitious duo Ruth and Elliot Handler, owned a company that made wooden pictures frames. It was in 1945 that Ruth and Elliot Handler joined with their close friend Harold Mattson to form a company that would be known for the most famous and successful doll ever created. This company would be named Mattel, MATT for Mattson and EL for Elliot. In the mid 1950"s, while visiting Switzerland, Ruth Handler purchased a German Lilly doll. Lilly was a shapely, pretty fashion doll first made in 1955. She was originally fashioned after a famous cartoon character in the West German Newsletter, Build. Lilly is the doll that would inspire Ruth Handier to design the Barbie doll. With the help of her technicians and engineers at Mattel, Barbie was born. Ruth then hired Charlotte Johnson, a fashion designer, to create Barbies wardrobe. It was in 1958 that the patent for Barbie was obtained. This would be a fashion doll unlike any of her time. She would be long limbed, shapely, beautiful, and only 11.5 inches tall. Ruth and Elliot would name their new fashion doll after their own daughter, Barbie. In 1959, the Barbie doll would make her way to the New York Toy Show and receive a cool reception from the toy buyers. Barbie has undergone a lot of changes over the years and has managed to keep up with current trends in hairstyles, makeup and clothing. She is a reflection of the history of fashion since her introduction to the toy market. Barbie has a universal appeal and collectors both young and old enjoy time spent and memories made with their dolls.

单选题The Constitution’s {{U}}vague{{/U}} nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change

单选题A goal of modern dance often is to express the dancer's innermost feelings and emotions. A．slightest B．rarest C．most personal D．most difficult

单选题The disease was kept under control {{U}}owing to{{/U}} early diagnosis and treatment.

单选题The traditional paintings are Uexhibited/U on the second floor.

单选题The aim of the national government is to protect the rights and freedoms. A. premise B. objective C. object D. origin

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并填在题前的括号内。 {{B}}A Health Profile{{/B}} A health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health. To draw your health profile, you will{{U}} (1) {{/U}}what diseases run in your family, what health hazards you may be exposed to{{U}} (2) {{/U}}work, how your daily{{U}} (3) {{/U}}compares to the recommended standards, how much time per week you{{U}} (4) {{/U}}exercising and what type of exercise you engage{{U}} (5) {{/U}}, how stressful your work and family environments are, what kinds of illnesses you get regularly, and{{U}} (6) {{/U}}or not you have any one of a number of addictions.{{U}} (7) {{/U}}this portrait, your should have a checkup to determine how your blood, heart, and lungs are functioning. This checkup will serve {{U}}(8) {{/U}}a baseline, to which you can then compare later tests. {{U}} (9) {{/U}}this profile is thoroughly drawn, you can begin to think about setting health priorities based{{U}} (10) {{/U}}your particular portrait. For example, if you drink two martinisevery evening, have a high-stress{{U}} (11) {{/U}}, are overweight, smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, and use marijuana occasionally on weekends, you should quit smoking first, followed{{U}} (12) {{/U}}losing the excess weight, reducing the stress of your job, giving up your marihuana habit, and then finally giving some{{U}} (13) {{/U}}to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer, and then heart disease. Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life, who is{{U}} (14) {{/U}}excellent health, a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that .will{{U}} (15) {{/U}}him in the future. profile n. 侧影,概貌 hazard n, 危险,危害 checkup n. 健康检查,体检 martini n. 马提尼洒 portrait n. 画像,肖像 addiction n. 嗜好, baseline n. 基础,起点 marihuana n. 大麻烟(一种毒品)

Even Intelligent People Can Fail 1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is howoften they failed．Turn oil a light，take a photograph，watch TV,search the web，jet across thePacific Ocean．talk on a cellphone(手机)．The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze(错综复杂)of wrong turns． 2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison’s success in heating n thin line to white，hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey，US．He did that on October 22．1879．and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight(点亮着的)in an airless space for 45 hours．Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan，even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on，on September 4，1882． 3 “Many of 1ife’S failures”the supreme innovator said．“are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up”Before that magical moment in October 1879．Edison had worked out no fewer than 3．000 theories about electric light．But in only two cases did his experiments work． 4 N0 one likes failure，but the smart innovators learn from it．Mark Gumz．the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc．attributes some of the company’S successes in technology to understanding failure．His popular phrase is：“You only fail when you quit” 5 0ver two centuries,the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing．Walt Disney,the founder of Disneyland，was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1．50 to get his shoes from the repair shop．Pioneering Car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T Car． 6 Failure is harder to bear in today’s open,accelerated world．Hardly any innovation works the first time But an impatient society and the media want instant success When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time，a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen’s company)and the Titanic(the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music．Actually，it wasn’t．After four years of 10sses．Geffen had so many hits(成功的作品)he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself．

A Health Profile A health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health. To draw your health profile, you will (1) what diseases run in your family, what health hazards you may be exposed to (2) work, how your daily (3) compares to the recommended standards, how much time per week you (4) exercising and what type of exercise you engage (5) , how stressful your work and family environments are, what kinds of illnesses you get regularly, and (6) or not you have any one of a number of addictions. (7) this portrait, your should have a checkup to determine how your blood, heart, and lungs are functioning. This checkup will serve (8) a baseline, to which you can then compare later tests. (9) this profile is thoroughly drawn, you can begin to think about setting health priorities based (10) your particular portrait. For example, if you drink two martinisevery evening, have a high-stress (11) , are overweight, smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, and use marijuana occasionally on weekends, you should quit smoking first, followed (12) losing the excess weight, reducing the stress of your job, giving up your marihuana habit, and then finally giving some (13) to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer, and then heart disease. Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life, who is (14) excellent health, a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that .will (15) him in the future. profile n. 侧影,概貌 hazard n, 危险,危害 checkup n. 健康检查,体检 martini n. 马提尼洒 portrait n. 画像,肖像 addiction n. 嗜好, baseline n. 基础,起点 marihuana n. 大麻烟(一种毒品)

The Cold Places The Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole. Like Antarctica, the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading 125 Fahrenheit below zero. Readings of 85 degrees below zero are common in both the Arctic and Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic At the South Pole the winter is about 73 degrees below zero. One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic. This one thing is the low temperature--the killing chill of the far North and the polar South. To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times. Not even for moment can they be unprotected against the below-zero temperature. Men have a way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive. What about animals? Can they survive? Do we find plants? Do we find life in the Arctic and the Antarctica? Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans. There is life on land. Antarctica, as we have seen, is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case. Expedition scientists have discovered that Antarctica may have been much like our own. Explores have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive.

Athens 2004 has been proven to be the best Olympic Games

Less Is More It sounds all wrong--drilling holes in a piece of wood to make it more resistant to knocks. But it works because the energy from the blow gets distributed throughout the wood rather than focusing on one weak spot. The discovery should lead to more effective and lighter packaging materials. Carpenters have known (51) centuries that some woods are tougher than others. Hickory (山核桃木), for example, was turned into axe handles and cartwheel spokes (轮辐) because it can absorb shocks without breaking. White oak, for example, is much more easily damaged, (52) it is almost as dense. Julian Vincent at Bathe University and his team were convinced the wood's internal structure could explain the differences. Many trees have tubular vessels that run (53) the trunk and carry water to the leaves. In oak they are large, and arranged in narrow bands, but in hickory they are smaller, and more evenly distributed. The researchers (54) this layout might distribute a blow's energy throughout the wood soaking up a bigger hit. To test the idea, they drilled holes 0.65 millimetres across into a block of spruce (云杉), a wood with (55) vessels, and found that (56) withstood a harder knock. (57) when there were more than about 30 holes per square centimetre did the wood's performance drop off. A uniform substance doesn't cope well with knocks because only a small proportion of the material is actually (58) . All the energy from the blow goes towards breaking the material in one or two places, but often the pieces left (59) are pristine (未经破坏的). But instead of the energy being concentrated in one place, the holes provide many weak spots that all absorb energy as they break, says Vincent. "You are controlling the places (60) the wood breaks, and it can then absorb more (61) , more safely." The researchers believe the principle could be applied to any material (62) example to manufacture lighter and more protective packaging. It could (63) be used in Car bumpers, crash barriers and armor for military vehicles, says Ulrike Wegst, (64) the Max Plank Institute for Mental Research in Stuttgart. But she emphasizes that you (65) to design the substance with the direction of force in mind. "The direction of loading is crucial," she says.

Alpha Particle From decaying radon (氡) atoms can destroy the living cells they strike and increase the likelihood that those cells will later become cancerous. Researchers have now directly demonstrated that neighboring cells not suffering direct hits can be harmed, too. They"ve also taken a step toward showing how this type of radiation, called alpha particles, indirectly hurts those bystanders. Radon derives from the decay of uranium (铀) and seeps naturally into the air from the ground. It"s the primary environmental source of alpha particles, which contribute to cancer risk by causing aberrations (失常) in DNA. Alpha particles from inhaled radon are second only to smoking as a cause of lung cancer. Because a person"s exposure to alpha particles typically is low, researchers have had to estimate public health threats from radon by guess from the effects of higher doses of alpha radiation. Such data comes primarily from studies of survivors of the atomic bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. The customary extrapolation (推测) assumes that cancer risk is proportional to the dose of radiation even at low doses. Radiation"s effects in cell cultures don"t necessarily reflect what happens in "a whole organism, with its full range of defense repair mechanisms," says Duport. Processes such as DNA repair and cell death triggered by radiation damage could cancel the effect on, by stander cells observed in the lab, he suggests. Furthermore, while a bystander effect can contribute to cancer, other cell-to-cell interactions in living tissue "may relieve increased risk." says Barry Michael, a radiation biophysicist at the Gray Cancer Institute in Northwood, England. One of these interactions halts cell division and hence cancer. "The jury is still out on whether cell-to-cell effects lead to a greater or lower risk," Michael says.

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Happy Birthday to You The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics : it won't stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, it's soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal. One theory is that it has been "advertised" and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. {{U}}(46) {{/U}}. They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries. Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called "the spirit of America". {{U}}(47) {{/U}} The final theory is less complex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it. Regardless of why it spreads, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} "Happy Birthday to You. " for instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak, is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own. Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time when T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun of in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. {{U}}(49) {{/U}} The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while still showing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock 'n' roll and all its variations, country & western music, all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often in American as well, as being "low-class", and then as "a danger to our nation's youth". {{U}}(50) {{/U}} And then the music became accepted and was extended and developed, and exported back to the U. S..A．As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.B．But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves.C．American in origin, informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style.D．The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.E. American food has become popular around the world too.F. This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident, informal and disrespectful.

"Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant--may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution. Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat, in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographieal regions. Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist." It could be as high as 30%," Pfenninger says. "I'm extremely surprised by their results," says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing." Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom. Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU). The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences. In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with," Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.

Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.

How to Design Kitchen Well Over the years economic, social and technological factors have influenced the design of kitchens. Since it is often used simultaneously by both family members as well as guests, the kitchen requires not only a glamorous look hut a practical one. Also,the design elements must meet the needs of the modern family. Environmental concerns have had an enormous impact on kitchen design. This concern includes recycling of household materials,as well as energy efficient appliances and the purity of both water and air. Research shows that up to 85 percent of the population is concerned about what might be in their drinking water. They are also often dissatisfied with the taste and odor of what comes out of their tap. This is why it's important to consider adding a water filter system. The character of today's kitchen is very different from the way it was thirty years ago. There's more sophistication in food preparation, and more technological help with cooking and clean up. When choosing cabinets, first consider the style. Use the architectural style of your house as a guide. Because cabinets are a big investment,it is best to choose quality. Popular styles in kitchen cabinets are framed panel doors with raised or recessed panels of wood,cabinet fronts with glass panes,or simple slab doors in a rich painted or laminated finish. Cabinet pulls, handles and knobs are offered in a myriad of designs and finishes. Treat hardware as jewelry and don't be afraid to mix and match styles. Because many of today's kitchens consist of two or more cooks sharing in the meal preparation, there is a need for more counter space, cooktops and sinks. Although lifestyles are changing,the primary function of the kitchen as an area for preparing food has remained unchanged. The sink remains one of the most used areas in the kitchen as well as an important decorative statement. Appliance technology is moving at a very fast pace. Choosing what type of appliances as well as how many will depend on several factors such as how often and how much you cook and the size of your kitchen. Don't limit yourself to one of each kind of appliance. You can have a refrigerator in one place and a freezer in a separate area or two sets of cooktops,one on the counter next to the wall oven and one on an island. You can even have two dishwashers if size and budget require and permit--think of it as saving time in the long run.

{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}} Too Late to Regret It{{/B}} When I was a junior, I met a second-year student in my department. He wasn't tall or good-looking, but he was very nice, attractive and athletic. He had something that I admired very much. He was natural, warm, and sincere. I disregarded (不顾) my parents' disapproval. We were very happy together. He picked me up from my dorm every morning, and after class we would sit alongside the stream that ran through campus, or sunbathe (晒阳) on the lawn. At night he would walk me back to my dorm. He came from a poor family, but in order to make me happy, he borrowed money from his friend to buy presents and meals for me. Our fellow students looked up to him as a role model, and the girls envied (妒忌) me. He wasn't a local, but wanted to stay here after graduation. I thought we had a future together. However, when I got a part-time job during the summer vacation, people began giving me a lot of pressure, saying that a pretty, intelligent girl like me should find a better guy to spend time with. This was also what my family thought. He spent the summer in his hometown, so I was all by myself. When he got back, I began finding fault with him. But his big heart and warmth soon drove all unpleasant thoughts away. However, I had no idea how badly I had hurt him and that things would get worse. I had a good part-time job off campus that paid pretty well. With my good performance at school, I also got admission to graduate school at one of China's best universities. He, on the other hand, did not do so well at school or at work. I had to worry about his living expenses, job and scores. Almost all my colleagues and friends advised me to break up with him. Then we had a quarrel last June. He was in great pain, and my cold words and bad moods started turning him away. Graduation time was drawing near, and he said he wanted to go back to his hometown. He said that he couldn't put up with me anymore. I was shocked and looked at him in despair. True love happens only once, but I found it out too late.

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are {{U}}(51) {{/U}} enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness(宽容) of American parents. The old rule that "children should be seen and not heard" is rarely {{U}}(52) {{/U}}, and children are often allowed to do {{U}}(53) {{/U}} they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him {{U}}(54) {{/U}} question, and children are encouraged to be {{U}}(55) {{/U}} at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom {{U}}(56) {{/U}} far. Others think that a strong father image would not {{U}}(57) {{/U}} the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to {{U}}(58) {{/U}} their parental families by the time they have {{U}}(59) {{/U}} their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a {{U}}(60) {{/U}} , a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious {{U}}(61) {{/U}} for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live {{U}}(62) {{/U}} the age of 70. The job-retirement age is {{U}}(63) {{/U}} 65. The children have left home, married, and {{U}}(64) {{/U}} their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. {{U}}(65) {{/U}} the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.