{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}} Schooling and Education{{/B}} It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no limits, it can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or in a theatre. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a respected grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy (婴儿期) on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong (一生的) process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral (基本的) part of one's entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned (指定的) seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are words or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}} A Society Without a Formal Authority{{/B}} In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes (部落) were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority? Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong (一生的) familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government' all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale. Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large, The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system. In modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.

语法与词汇Security officials say that computer crime is easy to accomplish and hard to (detect).

语法与词汇The sound of the drums was (distinct) even from a distance.

语法与词汇Rose stood there until she finally lost sight of the train.

语法与词汇His new girlfriend (omitted)to tell him that she was married.

语法与词汇(Subsequent) events proved the man to be right.

语法与词汇The technicians (conducted) investigations before they put forward the suggestions at the meeting.

语法与词汇How many radios will your factory (turn out) this year?

语法与词汇A seismograph is a (device) designed to measure vibrations of the ground.

语法与词汇The train came to an (abrupt) stop, making us wonder where we were.

语法与词汇When he got out of the managers office, from his facial expression we knew that his proposal must have been (turned down).

语法与词汇The kinds of the oil use (affect) your health.

语法与词汇Because of her rudeness to customers, the waitress has been (fired).

语法与词汇A visit to the Computer Center has (aroused) the students interest in computer science.

语法与词汇Grandfather would (stay up) till small hours reading.

语法与词汇Excuse me for (troubling) you with such a small matter.

语法与词汇The train stopped (abruptly), making us wonder where we were.

语法与词汇Alex knew that he must (breathe) nothing of this to Nancy.