填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字。请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Is O.J. Simpson Really Broke?{{/B}} As the wrongful-death civil trial (考验) of O.J. Simpson sputtered toward conclusion last week in Santa Monica, California, a key issue that hung over the courtroom was money. With Simpson's camp openly proclaiming he is out of cash, many observers were left wondering what the plaintiffs stood to gain. Ron Goldman's father Fred has said he simply wants a jury to find Simpson responsible for his son's death. His lawyer, Daniel Petrocelli, offered a stirring closing argument that even some Simpson defenders conceded was the most masterly in either the criminal or civil trial. Petrocelli again catalogued the physical evidence: the blood in the Bronco, the hair fibers, the newly discovered photographs of Simpson wearing the Bruno Magli shoes that he denied owning. {{U}}(46) {{/U}}. Quoting a 16th century French poet, Petrocelli concluded, "'My lovely living boy, my hope, my happiness, my love, my life, my joy.' Fred Goldman's lovely living boy is no more." As many in the courtroom, wiped tears from their eyes it was left to Simpson lead attorney Robert Baker to persuade them to focus on questions of police corruption and contamination of evidence. Baker offered his own interpretation of the lawsuit brought by Ron Goldman's parents and the estate of Nicole Brown Simpson. {{U}}(47) {{/U}}. The problem with the notion of monetary retribution is that Simpson insists he is broke. {{U}}(48) {{/U}}. They say his net worth, estimated at $11 million only four years ago, has been annihilated by legal costs, the upkeep of his large astate and the loss of the $1 million a year he once received from his contracts with hertz and NBC. However, while Simpson is indeed beset by payment demands form lawyers, contractors, gardeners, housekeepers, bodyguards, accountants and even the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, he is far from broke. {{U}}(49) {{/U}}. A Time/CNN investination into Simpson's finances, which involved searches of public records and court documents and interviews with key sources, has found he is worth $3 million and probably more. {{U}}(50) {{/U}}. A. It would be easy for the plaintiffs to get money from O.J. Simpson. B. "There's a killer in this courtroom," Petrocelli declared, pointing at Simpson. C. Said Baker: "This is a fight for justice, It's a fight for money." D. In fact, most Americans would still consider him quite wealthy. E. Most of that money is untouchable, meaning that Simpson can look forward to a comfortable retirement even if there is a large judgment against him. F. His friends and lawyers support this claim.

填空题Three Kinds of Loneliness Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness. The first kind of loneliness is temporary (暂时的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic (长 期的) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition. Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person"s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity. Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons. First of all, they are unhappy and unable to socialize with others like normal people. Besides, most importantly, there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Museums in the Modern World 1 Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now. 2 At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing. 3 More and more, museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and paper making. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one "should" visit, they are places to enjoy. 4 One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. They are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of art ; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups, and the rest of the population as well have been influenced by television, which has taught them about other places and other times. 5 The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage, the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year. 6 In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem. Admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.A．Causes of ChangesB．Increasing Number of Museums and VisitorsC．Museums Getting Closer to More SpectatorsD．Movies Shown in MuseumsE. New Notions about the Management of MuseumsF. Places to Visit

填空题Transport and Trade 1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale. 2 The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass - production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance. 3 Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live off what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living. 4 By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living. 5 Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.A. Higher living standardB. Importance of transport in tradeC. Various means of transportD. Birth of transport - related industries and tradeE. Role of information in tradeF. Public transportation

填空题More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble failing and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night"s sleep than 8-hour sleepers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night"s rest may not need to set aside, more than 8 hours a night. He added that "it might be a good idea" for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep—for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. "It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they"ll spend a higher percentage of time awake." he said.

填空题Obesity Causes Global Warming The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming. This conclusion comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. 1 There have been calls for taxes on junk food in recent years. 2 We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost, Schmidt said. Similarly, leading a lazy lifestyle will end up costing taxpayers more. US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such claims are getting attention. At the US Obesity Societies annual meeting, one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. 3 The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously, Oliver said. In a 1960s study, children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked which they would want for a friend. 4 Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students. Once again, almost no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. Obesity was stigmatized, the researchers said. But, researchers say, getting thin is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different, but not because obese people don"t care. 5 Genes also play a part. A. Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students. B. It means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide. C. The obese child was picked last. D. US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people"s cars. E. Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight. F. No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship.

填空题Customer "Delight" In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer "delight" is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share. It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers receiving good service will promote business. According to a commercial research, people who get good service will tell up to 12 other people, while those treated badly tell tales of woe to up to 20 people. Interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal. New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example, many companies now have to invest (投资) a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"—caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. "Many people do not like talking to machines," says Dr. Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at Business School of City University School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them—the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager." Recommended ways of creating customer delight include, under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours, but getting it done within two); replacing a faulty product immediately; throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券) as an unexpected "thank you" to regular customers; and always returning calls, even when there are complaints. Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example, "I know how you must feel."), and possible solutions (replacement, compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case). For example, airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. There is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their names, job title and a "we are here to help" attitude. Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please." On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.

填空题 Things to Know about the UK 1. From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It's now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraction. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the UK is among the world's best. 2. Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you're one of these people, you'd be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It's certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK. 3. Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. Where coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London's famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London's underground is called the Tube. It's very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city. 4. The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd's pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture. 5. Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.

填空题"Happy Birthday to You" The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it won't stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, it's soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal. One theory is that it has been "advertised" and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. (46) They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries. Another theory, probably amore common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called "the spirit of America." (47) The final theory is less complex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it. Regardless of why it spreads, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries. (48) "Happy Birthday to You," for instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak, is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own. Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time when T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun of in cartoons are back again in Pads as the latest fashion. (49) The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while still showing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock 'n' roll and all its variations, country & western music,4 all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often in America as well, as being "low-class," and then as "a danger to our nation's youth." (50) And then the music became accepted and was extended and developed, and exported back to the US. A As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten. B But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves. C American in origin, informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style. D The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962. E American food has become popular around the world too. F This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident, informal and disrespectful.

填空题 {{B}}Museums in the Modern World{{/B}} Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now. At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing. More and more, museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and papermaking. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to the best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one should visit, they are places to enjoy. One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates, they are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can 'participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about places and other times. The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and m encourage the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year. In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem, admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.

填空题People enjoy ______.

填空题Health Insurance 1 All insurance is a form of risk management. To deal with the unexpected risks to health through accident or illness, various types of health insurance programs have been devised. Health insurance is offered to individuals in two forms: individual plans and group plans. The insurers (供保者) may be private companies or governments. Since the early 1970s another type of health - care coverage(承保险种)has become prominent: the health maintenance organization. 2 In some countries no insurance companies offer health care because governments have taken over the entire responsibility. The United States has a combination of private and government - spon- sored insurance. Some government programs are limited to specific groups within the population. 3 The purpose of health insurance is to provide protection against loss of income and to cover the expenses of hospitalization (住院) and some of its associated costs. Some policies also help the people of disability, and this will pay insured individuals should they be unable to work because of extended illnesses or permanent physical disability. Accident insurance covers sudden and unexpected injuries, while sickness insurance applies to illness or disease. There are policies that cover accidents only, while normal health insurance covers accidents as well as illness. Some policies are designed only to provide extra income during hospitalization. Many of these are known as mail—order policies, because they are sold to individuals who answer mailed requirement or reply to ads in newspapers and magazines or on television. 4 Health insurance covers a lot of costs. Some policies cover a stay in the hospital and services offered by the hospital. Surgical expense coverage provides benefits for surgery resulting from illness or accident. Beyond this, a policy may cover what are called regular medical expenses, including doctor's fees, home nursing, diagnostic tests, and ambulance service.A. The Importance of Health InsuranceB. The Definition of Health InsuranceC. The Purpose of Each Kind of Health InsuranceD. In Some Countries There Are No Health CareE. Health Insurance Covers a Lot of CostsF. The Advantages of Health Insurance

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2，3，5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} Robots{{/B}}1 The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.2 Although industrial robots, were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. 4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.

填空题Robotic Highway Cones A University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels. (46) . They can even be programmed to move on their own at any particular part of the day, said Shane Farritor, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Nebraska. For example, if workers arrived at 6 am, the cones could move from the side of the highway to block off the lane at that time. (47) . "It just seems like a very good application for robots," Farritor said. "The robotic cones would also help remove people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place," Farritor said in a report on his creation. (48) . The fund allowed Farritor to work on the project with graduate students at Nebraska and his assistant Steve Goddard. The robots are placed at the bottom of the cones and barrels and are small enough not to greatly change the appearance of the construction aides. "It would look exactly the same," Farritor said. "Normally there's a kind of rubbery, black base to them. (49) . Farritor has talked with officials from the Nebraska Department of Roads about how the robots would be most useful to what they might need The robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation, like painting a stripe on a road or moving asphalt, where now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation proceeds. "That way you don't have to block off a 10-mile strip for the operation." Farritor said. While prototypes have been made, they are not in use anywhere. Farritor said he has applied for a patent and is considering what to do next. (50) . He is also thinking about marketing the robots to roads departments and others across the country which may benefit from them.A. And they can return to the original place at the end of the day.B. He is thinking about starting a small business.C. Farritor was "Inventor of the Year" in 2003.D. Word on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grantE. We replace that with a robot.F. These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way, or into place, from computer commands made miles away.

填空题Maglev Trains 1 A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation, which means that these trains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains. 2 If you've ever played with magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away. 3 The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system: A large electrical power source, metal coils lining a guide way or track, and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train. 4 The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks. The engine for maglev trains is rather unnoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guide-way walls and the track combines to propel the trains. 5 The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guide way, repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10cm above the guide-way. Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the guide-way walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guide-way. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guide-way walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust. 6 Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, eliminating friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500kph, or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train. At 500kph, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours. A The Main Components of the Maglev Train System B High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction C The Working Principle of the Maglev Train D Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field E Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones F Maglev with a Powerful Motor

填空题When the cover diminishes in the coming decades, temperature ______.

填空题Missing the 9 - To - 5 Routine Jonathan Harris was determined to be part of the migration to the enticing(诱人的)land of high tech. (46) He lasted just seven months. He admits he was" seduced by the glamour," realizing only later that" the fundamental economics were not good. " Translation: instead of running a rapidly growing start- up, his company was constantly short of cash and manpower. He spent his days trolling for (搜索) investment money and new employees to replace the defective old ones: Last July, Harris ,37 ,left the company and went back to Los Angeles— and is now looking for a job in a traditional, non - techie company. Like so many prospectors of a different epoch, workers such as Harris are discovering that" risking everything" actually involves... risk. (47) "I've really started to appreciate a situation where one has significant resources," Harris says. "I think folks who are blindly jumping to startups are undervaluing what they have. " (48) Russell Reynolds Associates, all executive- search firm, says you should have experience launching new products, be comfortable with technology and have an ability to make decisions based on incomplete information in order to succeed at an Internet firm Otherwise, it might be wise to stayput(原位不动). Still, it's the stock options that typically keep employees working long and faithfully at Internet start - ups, virtually handcuffed to their workstations. Author Bill Lessard, who co - wrote" Netslaves. " a firsthand account about the travails of working in Webville, says options are" basically used as a carrot to get people to give up their lives and work like lunatics(疯子) for the promise of getting rich. " (49) Gray, for example, had 20 shares of stock when she left ______ worth only around $ 250. Increasingly, new hires at Web firms are distressed to learn that the numbers of options they get are so paltry(不足取的) as to be insignificant. (50) A. With most market watchers predicting an eventual tech shakeout(股票市场震动) ,such tales of frustration and disappointment could become far more common.B. Most tech converts (皈依者) simply roll their eyes when asked about going back to what are now called" legacy" industries.C. If the promise isn't kept, the carrot looks less tasty.D. Last year Harris left the hair - accessories firm he'd co - founded to manage a high - tech design firm called Brilliant Media in San Francisco.E. Increasingly, recruiters(招聘人员)are telling job candidates that the Web isn't for everyone.F. They enter into a Web venture with high hopes, only to find a grim reality of taxing hours, lack of support staff, greenhorn(缺乏经验的)bosses and worthless stock options.

填空题 The First Four Minutes When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr.Leonard Zunin. In his book, Contact: The First Four Minutes, he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much. When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves." On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes. Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way." {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one." But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honest" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later. The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}That is at least as important as how much we know. A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits. B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends. C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. E. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room. F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.

填空题How to Argue with Your Boss Before you argue with your boss, check with the boss' secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the boss' secretary, there are keys to timing: don't approach the boss when he's on deadline; don't go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed; don't go in just before or after he has taken a vacation. If you're mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first. And don't let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. Then, maybe he will dismiss you. Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it. Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more. If you can't put forward an immediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem. People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find they can't get past the secretary. To deal effectively with a boss, it's important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work you to achieve your goals.

填空题A theorist pursues science mainly for ______.