单选题First Aid First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway (气道), and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life. First-aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪). Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to cal*l for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet (手镯) or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known by the acronym (首字母缩写语) ABC, which stands for: A - Airway: is it open and clear? B - Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing. C - Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.

单选题A dentist may decide to extract the tooth to prevent recurrent trouble.

单选题He talks tough but has a tender heart.

单选题We {{U}}consume{{/U}} a lot more than we are able to produce.

单选题Mary has {{U}}blended{{/U}} the ingredients. A. made B. mixed C. cooked D. eaten

单选题As the headmaster made a long speech, the ceremony was {{U}}prolonged{{/U}} by ten minutes. A. quickened B. enlarged C. enriched D. lengthened

单选题Play Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child"s development. In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby"s ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully. In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws (七巧板) and construction toys; painting, scribbling (涂鸦) and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others. But the third stage of play development—from five to seven or eight years—the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys. Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning, Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed—to a child of nine or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.

单选题Help Your Child Become a Reader Encouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong (终身的) love of reading and can help your child get a head start in school. While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading skills, there are many techniques that can help. Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional children's games can be adapted to encourage reading skills. While reading or during play' tell your child, "I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter b." Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example, "I see a barn." This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds. "I spy with my little eye. Something that begins with the sounds." Help the child find a word that begins with the "s" sound. "In this variation on the popular game instruct the child that," Simon says, "point to something that starts with the letter n." The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds. Make a game out of rhyming (押韵)words by making up silly words to rhyme with the child's name or favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another. Tips to raise a successful reader: Put books in places where the child plays. If books are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up. Let children "read to you" by looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures. Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctor's office or grocery store. Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps build sight vocabulary.

单选题Water is one of the most abundant but also one of the most wanted substances on Earth.A. ampleB. multipleC. adequateD. plentiful

单选题 Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely (远程) Speeding off (超速行驶) in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer (使车辆不能调动的装置), and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}, he will not be able to start it again. For now, such devices {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle (慢慢地移动) down to ordinary cars, and {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}be available to ordinary cars in the UK {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}two months. The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}miniature cellphone (移动电话，手机), a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle's engine management system and prevent the engine {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}restarted. There are even plans for immobilizers {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system. In the UK, an array of technical fixes is already making {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}harder for car thieves. "The pattern of vehicles crime has changed," says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}the motor insurance industry. He says it would only take him a few minutes to {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}a novice (新手，初学者) how to steal a car using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old. Modern cars are a far tougher (艰苦的) proposition (任务), as their engine management computer will not {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key. In the UK, technologies like this {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}achieve a 31 percent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997. But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner's keys in a burglary (盗窃). In 2000,12 percent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner's keys double the previous year's figure. Remote-controlled immobilization system would {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}a major new obstacle in the criminal's way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}expects.

单选题Until the late nineteenth century, there was no uniform system of time-keeping in the United States.

单选题A ship was reported to be in {{U}}distress{{/U}} a few miles out at sea.

单选题The love of money is the root of all evil. A. result B. cause C. end D. force

单选题 Mothers and matchmakers(媒人) have always known that not being married is a definite health hazard. But when a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco, reported a few weeks ago that middle-aged (中年的) men without wives were actually twice as likely to die during a 10-year span(全长) as men with wives, the espoused and the spouseless alike stopped to take notice. It was the kind of news that swept through offices and watering holes-and it made people feel smug(自鸣得意的) or anxious, depending on their circumstances. Now the researchers who conducted the study are trying to find out what accounted for(说明,解释) the dramatic differences in survival rates. The investigators, headed by UCSF associate professor of epidemiology arid biostatistics(生物统计学) Maradee A. Davis, had set out to examine the effect of various living arrangements on mortality. Because of the buffering social support marriage is known to provide, Davis and her colleagues fully expected to find that men and women dwelling alone fared(生活,进展) worst in survival rates. It came as some surprise, however, that in their study population, subjects who shared living quarters with people other than a spouse had the same lower survival rates as those who lived by themselves. "The critical factor, "Davis says, "seems to be the presence of a spouse." The lower survival rates for the spouseless were found primarily in men who were widowed, separated or divorced, rather than in those who had never been married. Davis and her colleagues have already eliminated certain health factors as causes of higher mortality by adjusting their data to discount the effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and lack of exercise. Now they will look more closely at a variety of other considerations, such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels and chronic illnesses. Sex roles: While many middle-aged men now know the difference between a cheese grater and a garlic press, nutrition may still account for some of the California study's findings. Previous research by Davis's team showed that unmarried men even if they lived with other people ate less healthy diets than married men. "Traditional sex roles have meant that men aren't as well informed as women about nutritional shopping and food preparation. "says Davis. Emotional and social factors probably also played a role in higher mortality among the spouseless men. The San Francisco researchers will examine a randomly selected subgroup of their study population for more detailed medical data, and they'll look at a trait(特征) they call "general well-being. "This focuses on subjectively reported feelings and moods, rather than specific psychological symptoms. The researchers will analyze questionnaires that asked how frequently the men felt worried, nervous or poorly rested. But the team will also look at the causes of death; if the men without wives show higher rates of suicide or fatal accidents, it's likely that emotional stress contributed to(可助于, 促使)their higher mortality rate. Davis has already discovered that the married men reported a significantly higher level of well-being than those who weren't married. So perhaps the explanation for their longer survival isn't really so complicated. Because they are cared for by nurturing wives, they just plain feel happier than the other guys do. And what better reason than for staying alive?

单选题下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 Debate over the Use of Renewable Energy Amusable of Rockefeller University in New York, US says the key renewable (可再生的) energy sources, including sun, wind and bibfuls, would all require vast amounts of land if developed up to large scale production—unlike nuclear power. That land would be far better{{U}} (51) {{/U}}alone, he says. Renewable look{{U}} (52) {{/U}}when they are quite small. But if we start producing renewable energy on a large{{U}} (53) {{/U}}, the fallout (结果) is going to be horrible. Amusable draws his conclusions by analyzing the amount of energy that renewable natural gas and nuclei (原子核) can{{U}} (54) {{/U}}in terms of power per square meter of land used. Moreover, he claims that{{U}} (55) {{/U}}renewable energy use increases this measure of efficiency will decrease as the best land for wind, bibfuls, and solar power gets used up. Solar power is much more{{U}} (56) {{/U}}than bibful in use but it would still{{U}} (57) {{/U}}150 square kilometers in terms of the area of land of photovoltaic (光电的) cells to match the energy production of the 1000 MW nuclear plant. In another example, he says{{U}} (58) {{/U}}the 2005 US electricity demand via wind need 780,000 square kilometers,an area the{{U}} (59) {{/U}}of Texas power alone. However, several experts are highly critical of Amusable's{{U}} (60) {{/U}}. John Turner of the US government's National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that even if the US got all of its{{U}} (61) {{/U}}from solar energy, it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been{{U}} (62) {{/U}}highways. Further, it need not{{U}} (63) {{/U}}up additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of existing buildings, he says. According to Turner, the same" dual use" also{{U}} (64) {{/U}}to wind power. The footprint for wind is only 5% of the land that it{{U}} (65) {{/U}}. Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on. Turner says looking solely at land use is an oversimplification of the issue.

单选题The political situation in the region has {{U}}deteriorated{{/U}} rapidly. A. improved B. changed C. worsened D. developed

单选题 Pregnancy Anomalies May Lower Breast Cancer Risk Certain abnormalities occurring in problem pregnancies are associated with a long-term reduction in risk of breast cancer, according to a study released on Tuesday that tracked women for four decades. Researchers led by epidemiologist Barbara Cohn of the Public Health Institute in Berkeley, California, examined records on 3, 804 white women in the San Francisco area who were pregnant during the period from June 1959 through April 1967. The study found that three anomalies—two relating to the placenta and one involving the women's blood pressure—were linked with a big decline in breast cancer occurrence. Cohn said changes in the levels of hormones and other substances in the body caused by the abnormalities may produce a protective effect. She also noted that most of the women who experienced the anomalies still gave birth to healthy babies. "It's more subtle than to say what's bad for the baby is good for the mother. It's really not quite like that." Cohn said in a telephone interview. She said she was hopeful that researchers could nail down the exact mechanisms at work in providing the long-term cancer protection for the women who experienced these complications. "It's certainly possible that one might be able to design a treatment or possibly a prevention that is related to these factors," Cohn said. She said scientists have known for many years that events that occur in pregnancy have an impact on the risk of breast cancer. Cohn said her study provides new details about some specific characteristics of pregnancies that may relate to long-term protection against breast cancer. A blood pressure increase experienced by the mother between the second and third trimesters of the pregnancy was associated with lower breast cancer incidence, the study found. Women whose increase was in the highest 25 percent of population studied had a 51 percent reduction in breast cancer rate. Women with a smaller placenta size (weight and diameter) also had lower breast cancer rates. The placenta, the tissue that connects the mother and fetus, produces hormones to help maintain the pregnancy and allows the exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste materials. In addition, women who experienced a condition known as maternal floor infarction of the placenta—a serious abnormality that can block the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus—had a 60 percent reduction in breast cancer rate. All three risk factors in combination were linked with up to a 94 percent reduction in breast cancer incidence, the study concluded.

单选题In my frigeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice.. cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, flesh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. What was not mentioned as part of my childhood's diet?A. Milk.B. Meat.C. Bread.D. Bacon.

单选题Different Phases of Death Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two phases—clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be revived (复活). Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the "breaking up" of vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final. Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic (麻醉的) sleep. By slowing down the body" s metabolism (新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death. To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery (动脉). The monkey"s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and respiration stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial respiration. After two minutes Keta"s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自然产生的) respiration began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器) and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.

单选题 Youth Emancipation in Spain The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest. Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' home, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth. To coax(劝诱) young people from their homes, the Institute started a "Youth Emancipation(解放)" programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs. Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的)labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000. Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists(社会学家). Family ties in south Europe—Italy, Portugal and Greece—are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding". "In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private. life is organized," said Minguez. In Spain— especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner. Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules. "A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist," said Jos6 Antonio Gomez Yanez , a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid. Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores(家务) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good. "His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well," Masso said.