填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}The Swedes—a charming people{{/B}}1. The Swedes are among the most charming peoples in Europe. And their charm comes from an apparent contradiction in the national character. They are extremely conservative in social relationships; within the family and when meeting friends and business acquaintances, their conduct is governed by strict social patterns. At the same time, they are one of the most intellectually progressive peoples in the world. They are always open to new ideas.2. All social occasions in Sweden are regulated by rules and traditions. And. these traditions, are expressed in a specific ritual made up of formal bows, handshakes, and greetings. When a visitor enters a Swedish home, he is invariably received with a "Welcome"; when he leaves, his host will tell him "You will be welcome again." These charming phrases are an indestructible part of Swedish social life and they give it an old-world flavor of good manners.3. Equally attractive is the Swedish acceptance of modern technological equipment. A traveller never needs to search for a telephone in Sweden: telephone booths are placed at regular intervals along the main streets and highways. And in church, for example, long benches are fitted with hearing aids for worshippers who may be hard of hearing. Swedish homes are among the best equipped in the world and travellers in Sweden find their journeys made easy by the use of the most efficient modern devices.4. The Swedes are an efficient and most capable people. Punctuality is more than a virtue to them—it is a rule of life originating from the most attractive characteristic of this northern people. This is their respect for their friends and acquaintances and especially for the visitor to their country. At whatever cost to themselves, they take care not to give another person the slightest degree of discomfort.5. This respect for human rights runs through the whole Swedish social system. It makes politicians and bureaucrats, indeed anyone with social power, courteous in dealing with citizens and visitors. Courtesy thus has been developed into a social instinct in Sweden. It is part of the spirit of the life based on a national culture which is wholly Scandinavian.A. The most capable people of the worldB. The rules and traditions of social occasionsC. The importance of efficiencyD. The most attractive character—punctualityE. The respect for human rightsF. The use of the efficient modern devices

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1) 第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2) 第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。 Even Intelligent People Can Fail 1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cell phone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turn. 2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's success in heating in thin line to white, hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的)in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4,1882. 3 "Many of life's failures" the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up". Before that magical moment in October 1879. Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light. But in only two cases did his experiments work. 4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc. attributes some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: "You only fail when you quit". 5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US $ 1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering Car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T Car. 6 Failure is harder to bear in today's open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen's company)and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn't. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself. A. Importance of Learning from Failure B. Quality Shared by Most Innovator C. Edison's Innovation D. Edison's Comment on Failure E. Contributions Made by Innovators F. Miseries Endured by Innovators

填空题The Great Wall of China Walls and wall building have played a very important role in Chinese culture. These people, from the dim mists of prehistory have been wall- conscious; from the Neolithic period (新石器时代 )—when ramparts (防御土墙) of pounded earth were used—to the Communist Revolution, walls were an essential part of any village. (46) The name for" city" in Chinese( ch'eng)means wall, and over these walled cities, villages, houses and temples presides the god of walls and mounts, whose duties were, and still are, to protect and be responsible for the welfare of the inhabitants. (47) However, it is indeed a common mistake to perceive the Great Wall as a single architectural structure, and it would also be erroneous to assume that it was built during a single dynasty. For the building of the wall spanned the various dynasties, and each of these dynasties somehow contributed to the refurbishing and the construction of a wall, whose foundations had been laid many centuries ago. (48) Especially three of these states : the Ch'in, the Chao and the Yen, corresponding respectively to the modern provinces of Shensi, Shanzi and Hopei, over and above building wails that surrounded their kingdoms, also laid the foundations on which Ch'in Shih Huang Di would build his first continuous Great Wall. (49) Throughout the centuries many settlements were established along the new border. The garrison(驻军) troops were instructed to reclaim wasteland and to plant crops on it, roads and canals were built, to mention just a few of the works carried out. (50) Builders, garrisons, artisans, farmers and peasants left behind a trail of objects, including inscribed tablets, household articles, and written work ,which have become extremely valuable archaeological evidence to the study of defense institutions of the Great Wall and the everyday life of these people who lived and died along the wall.A. Not only towns and villages; the houses and the temples within them were somehow walled, and the houses also had no windows overlooking the street, thus giving the feeling of wandering around a huge maze(迷宫).B. All these undertakings greatly helped to increase the country's trade and cultural exchanges with many remote areas and also with the southern, central and western parts of Asia—the formation of the Silk Route.C. Thus a great and extremely laborious task such as constructing a wall, which was supposed to run throughout the country, must not have seemed such an absurdity(谬论).D. The construction of the Great Wall is responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various places.E. It was during the fourth and third centuryB.C. that each warring state started building walls to protect their kingdoms, both against one another and against the northern nomads(游牧民).F. The role that the Great Wall played in the growth of Chinese economy was all important on

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}} What We Take from And Give to the Sea{{/B}} As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it. We take fishes from the ocean - millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. {{U}}(46) {{/U}}We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} Seaweed becomes food of many kinds - even candy, and ice cream - as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. {{U}}(49) {{/U}} But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea. The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. {{U}}(50) {{/U}} Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever. We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late. A Natural sponges become cleaning aids. B We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump. C The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller. D Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation. E We even use their bones for fertilizer. F Some of its contents may cause illness.

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～5段各其中4段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第 27～30题要求从所给的4个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing? 1. In today's knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering(工程) techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers. 2. Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk and more talk. The World Foundation think the UK's four iconic(图标的)jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants (顾问) and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can. 3. Although the country's trade deficit was more than ￡60 billion in 2006, UK's largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical(制药学的) industry and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services-accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock' n' roll is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy. 4. However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK's exports of goods and services . The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities", 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany(61 percent) and Sweden(47 percent). 5. In fact, it might be better to call Britain a "servant" economy — there are at least 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector-in shops, bars, hotels , domestic service and in nursing and care homes. A. Growth of Economy______ B. "Servant" Economy______ C. Strength of the Creative Economy D. Weakness of the Creative Economy E. Gift of Talking F. Export of Talking Machines

填空题The Cost of Higher Education Individuals(个人)should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is even more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government. Using taxpayers" money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. Full government funding(资助)is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy. If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate. Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. In one word, that graduates can contribute to the national economy doesn"t mean that they should get free higher education. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Attention to the Details 1 Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. "It's amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,"he says. 2 "Resumes(简历)arrive with stains. Some candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate,"Crossley concludes. "if they cannot take care of these details,why should we trust them with a job?" 3 Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. "To keep from losing the forest for the trees,"says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco,"we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we're working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't,we should drop them and move to something else. " 4 Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. "The Apollo moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time. "says Garfield. "But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary. "Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake. 5 Too often we believe what accounts for others' success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again,we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow. A) Don't Be a Perfectionist B) The Benefits of Knowing Where We Want to Go C) Hard Work Plus Good Luck D) The Outcomes of Our Efforts E) The Importance of Attention to Detail F) Constantly Asking Ourselves about Details

填空题What Is Old Is New Again Some of the latest toys to hit store shelves include several names that were popular in the 1980s. Among them: He-Man, My Little Pony, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and Transformers. Their appearance is surprising in an industry where all but classic toys like Barbie dolls tend to stay in the market for only a few years before they leave kid culture for good. The return of toys introduced a generation ago, say experts, is largely a generational effect. These toys were among the first to be marketed primarily through TV cartoons. The result of this is that these toys carried with them a much stronger brand identity than toys from previous ages. When those who played with these toys during the 1980s began having children of their own, businessmen realized they could take advantage of parents" emotional ties by bringing the toys back. "We are starting to see a lot of properties and products coming back now for the kids of Generation X," says Greg Livingston, vice president of Wondergroup, a children"s product marketing firm. But other industry observers say this return-of-toy trend is more rooted in basic economics. When the economy isn"t strong, they say, toy-makers become more careful. One of the safest marketing techniques is bringing back toys that are proven successes. "If you"re in the business of making and selling toys, you"re going to go the safest route, which is using proven brands," says Stephanie Oppenheimer, co-founder of the Oppenheimer Toy Co., an independent consumer group that rates toys. Other companies use product ideas that have sold well in other countries, such as Japan. Still, Ms. Oppenheimer also believes that American consumers simply are not in the mood for new, high- tech toys anymore. "People are interested less in what we wish we had but more in what we already have," says Oppenheimer. "As a country, we are looking for things that remind us of simpler times."

填空题A everything B a great success C a tremendous failure D nothing E mangy firsts F quite possible

填空题 Adult Education 1. Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self-understanding, or develop new talents and skills. 2. This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs and professional associations. 3. Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults. 4. The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics institution in Glasgow. Benjamin Franklin and some friends found the earliest adult education institution in the U.S. in Philadelphia in 1727. 5. People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.

填空题Blasts from the Past 1 Volcanoes were destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease. 2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large number of animals, but all the mass extinction cover the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. 3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. 4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. 5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous,265 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. 6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2. Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of CO2 absorbed from the atmosphere. 7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. 8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions. A．Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions B．Association of Mass Extinctions with Volcanic C．Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions D．A Mass Extinction E．Volcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass Extinction F．Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions

填空题Every Dog Has His Say Kimiko Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup, it would pull at her sleeve. (1) When the dog barks, she glances at a small electronic gadget (装置). The following "human" translation appears on its screen: "Please take me with you. " "1 realized that's how he was feeling," says Fukuda. The gadget is called Bowlingual, and it translates dog barks into feelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation machine in 2002. But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it. (2) "Nobody else had thought about it," said Masahiko Kajita, who works for Takara. "We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders; what would it be like if we could understand dogs?" Bowlingual has two parts. (3) The translation is done in the gadget using a database containing every kind of bark. Based on animal behaviour research, these noises are divided into six categories: happiness, sadness, frustration, anger, declaration and desire. (4) In this way, the database scientifically matches a bark to an emotion, which is then translated into one of 200 phrases. When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently, the dog barked a loud "bow wow". (5) It was followed by "I'm stronger than you" as the dog growled and sniffed (嗅) at the visitor. The product will be available in U. S. pet stores this summer for about U. S. $120. It can store up to 100 barks, even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away. A. A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar, which sends information to the gadget held by the owner. B. Nobody really knows how a dog feels. C. This translated as "Don't come this way". D. More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer. E. Now, the Japanese girl thinks she knows. F. Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like "Let's play", "Look at me", or "Spend more time with me".

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1) 第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2) 第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。 Keeping Cut Flowers 1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts. 2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations (康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care. 3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies. 4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly. 5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day. A. Control of Respiration B. Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers C. Role of Respiration D. Most Important Aspect of Flower Care E. Need for Clean Water F. Ways of Stopping Respiration

填空题Even Intelligent People Can Fail The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns. We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison"s success in heating a thin line to white hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879 and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he tamed it on, on September 4, 1882. "Many of life"s failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in them only two cases did his experiments work. No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company"s successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is "You only fail when you quit." Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car. Failure is harder to bear in today"s open accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen"s company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn"t. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic to himself.

填空题Learning Disabilities Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities. Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. 1 You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. 2 In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. 3 The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together. The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. "Probably", he said, "nerve cells there did not connect as they should." So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed. Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. 4 Frank Duffy experimented with this technique at Children"s Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. 5 Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side. A. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. B. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong. C. The differences appeared throughout the brain. D. Researchers tried to improve the intelligence of learning-disabled in different ways. E. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized. F. Instead, they measured the brain"s electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.

填空题Farmers" Markets Charlotte Hollins knows she faces a battle. The 2g-year-old British farmer and her 21-year-old brother Ben are fighting to save the farm from developers that their father worked on since he was 14. 1 "You don"t often get a day off. Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep prices down. With fewer people working on farms it can be isolating," she said. "There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich!" Oliver Robinson, 25, grew up on a farm in Yorkshire. 2 "I"m sure dad hoped I"d stay," he said. "I guess it"s a nice, straightforward life, but it doesn"t appeal. For young, ambitious people, farm life would be a hard world." For Robinson, farming doesn"t offer much "in terms of money or lifestyle." Hollins agrees that economics stops people from pursuing farming rewards: "providing for a vital human need, while working outdoors with nature." Farming is a big political issue in the UK. 3 The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms, stopped meat exports, and raised public consciousness of troubles in UK farming. Jamie Oliver"s 2005 campaign to get children to eat healthily also highlighted the issue. This national concern spells (带来) hope for farmers competing with powerful supermarkets. 4 "I started going to Farmers" Markets in direct defiance (蔑视) of the big supermarkets. 5 It"s terrible", said Londoner Michael Samson. A. But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather"s land. B. While most people buy food from the big supermarkets, hundreds of independent Farmers" Markets are becoming popular. C. While confident they will succeed, she lists farming"s many challenges: D. Young people prefer to live in cities. E. I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything—what exactly DO they put on our apples to make them so big and red? F. "Buy British" campaigns urge (鼓励) consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods.

填空题A one of tire major contributors B the ever-increasing atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases C big and hefty cows D livestock's normal digestion process E how to cut down the cattle population F big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles

填空题Cars Are Good for the Environment, Honest Britain"s motor industry is planning a major publicity campaign to counter what it sees as an official anti-car bias and to improve the environmental image of the cars, according to documents leaked to the pressure group, Friends of the Earth (FOE). 1 The internal document which was produced last month by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, says that the "ultimate objective of the campaign must be to protect the long-term commercial freedom of the motor industry and the lifestyle freedom of car users". 2 European car manufacturers have already agreed with the European Commission to reduce CO 2 emissions from new cars by 25 per cent to target of 140 grams per kilometer by 2008. However, the document also reveals that the industry is some way from meeting the target. 3 To help control these emissions, the government has proposed replacing the flat rate annual tax on cars with a tax related to engine size so that owners of large gas-guzzler would pay more than owners of small cars. 4 Richard Barnet, the society"s media manager, says. "We will work with the government to practice a practical system." 5 A. The campaign will highlight the motor industry"s efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. B. But the motor industry opposes taxes on persons owning cars preferring taxes on use. C. The five-year campaign could cost up to ￡12 million. D. The reason why cars are good for the environment is obvious. E. But Ian Willmore of FOE says the industry "may pose as partners of the government, but its real intention is to frustrate serious attempts to reduce traffic levels". F. For example, last year"s new cars exceed an average of 192 grams per kilometre—some 37 percent above the target.

填空题下面短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原位置，发恢复文章原貌。 Little Lady Starts Big War Harriet Beecher Stowe had poured her heart into her anti-slavery(反对奴隶制度) book Uncle Tom's Cabin.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}The publisher was so doubtful that he wanted her to split the publishing costs with him, and all she hoped was that it would make enough money for her to buy a new silk dress. But when the first 5,000 copies were printed in 1852, they sold out in two days. In a year the book had sold 300,000 copies in the United States and 150,000 in England.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}Within six months of its release, a play was made from the book which ran 350 performances in New York and remained America's most popular play for 80 years. It might appear that Uncle Tom's Cabins was universally popular, but this was certainly not true, Many people during those pre-Civil War days — particularly defenders of the slavery system — condemned it as false propaganda(宣传) and poorly written melodrama (传奇剧 作品). Harriet did have strong religious views against slavery (When asked how she came to write the book, she replied: "God wrote it."), and she tried to convince people slavery was wrong, so perhaps the book could be considered as propaganda.{{U}} (48) {{/U}} Though she was born in Connecticut in 1832, as a young woman she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, when her father accepted the presidency (任期) of newly founded Lane Theological Seminary (神学院). Ohio was a free state, but just across the Ohio River in Kentucky, Harriet saw slavery in action. She lived 18 years in Cincinnati, marrying Calvin Stowe, professor of a college.{{U}} (49) {{/U}} {{U}} (50) {{/U}}Today some historians (历史学家) think that it helped bring on the American Civil War. In fact, when Abraham Lincoln met Harriet at the White House during the Civil War, he said. "So, this is the little lady who started this big war. " A. She had read a lot about the slavery system. B. Its vast influence strengthened the anti-slavery movement and angered defenders of the slavery system. C. But if so, it was true propaganda, because it accurately described the evils of slavery. D. For a while it outsold every book in the world, except the Bible. E. But neither she nor her first publisher thought it would be a big success. F. In 1851, Harriet Beecher Stowe began her book.

填空题About Auction Auctions (拍卖) are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or "bids", for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called "knocking down" the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer strikes a small hammer on a table at which he stands. The ancient Roman probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auctio, meaning "increase". The Romans usually sold in this way the goods taken in war. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold "by the candle": a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight. Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, furs, silk and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by potential buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues (目录;手册) are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a "lot", is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in the order of numbers; he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer"s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding (投标价) as high as possible. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the opponents among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other.