单选题Helen will leave immediately .

单选题The girl felt very ______ about the new product.A. curiousB. angryC. worriedD. aware

单选题Medical facilities are being upgraded .

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} Some personal characteristics play a vital role in the development of one' s intelligence. But people fail to realize the importance of cultivating these factors in young people. The so-called non-intelligence factors include one's feelings, will, motivation, interests and habits. After a 30-year follow-up study of 800 males, American psychologists found out that the main cause of disparities(差别)in intelligence is not intelligence itself, but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn, will-power and self-confidence. Though people all know that one should have definite objectives, a strong will and good learning habits, quite a number of teachers and parents don't pay much attention to cultivating these factors. Some parents are greatly worried when their children fail to do well in their studies. They blame either genetic factors, malnutrition, or laziness, but they never take into consideration these non-intelligence factors. At the same time, some teachers don't inquire into these, as reasons why students do poorly. They simply give them more courses and exercises, or even rebuke or ridicule (训斥或奚落) them. Gradually, these students lost self-confidence. Some of them just feel defeated and give themselves up as hopeless. Others may go astray because they are sick of learning. The investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 percent of them were afraid of learning, because of examinations, 36.4 percent lack persistence, initiative and conscientiousness and 10.3 percent were sick of learning. It is clear that the lack of cultivation of non-intelligence factors has been a main obstacle to intelligence development in teenagers. It ever causes an imbalance between physiological and psychological development among a few students. If we don't start now to strengthen the cultivation of non-intelligence factors, it will not only obstruct the development of the intelligence of teenagers, but also affect the quality of a whole generation. Some experts have put forward proposals about how to cultivate students' non-intelligence factors. First, parents and teachers should fully understand teenage psychology. On this basis, they can help them to pursue the objective of learning, stimulating their will-power. The cultivation of non-intelligence factors should also be part of primary education for small children. Parents should attend to these qualities from the very beginning. Primary and middle schools can open psychology courses to help students overcome the psychological obstacles to their learning, daily lives and recreation.

单选题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 {{B}} Red Meat Links to Higher Risk of Breast Cancer{{/B}} Exercise and keeping a healthy weight are two things that doctors say might help women lower their risk of breast cancer. Mothers may reduce their risk if they breastfeed for at least four months. For older women, hormone replacement therapy can lower the risk of some other diseases. But it has been found to increase the risk of breast cancer. So women should consider their choices carefully. The same may be said for diet. New findings show that younger women who eat a lot of red meat have higher rates of breast cancers called hormone-receptor positive. The growth is fed by the levels of estrogen or another hormone, progesterone, in the body. Researchers at Brigham Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, reported the findings as part of a health study of nurses. The researchers followed the health of more than 90,000 women from 1991 to 2003. Those who ate the most red meat ate more than one and one-half servings a day. A serving was defined as roughly 84 grams. Those who ate the least red meat ate less than three servings a week. This is what the study found about breast cancers that were hormone receptor-positive: The women who ate the most red meat were almost two times as likely to get them as the women who ate the least of it. Eunyoung Cho, the lead author of the report, says more research is needed to know the reason for the link. But in the past, researchers have suggested that three things may play a part. One is the way meat is cooked or processed. Another is the use of growth hormones in cows. And the third is the kind of iron in red meat. The study appears in the Archives of Internal Medicine. And now we have more to tell you about our subject -- resveratrol. We discussed a study in the United States that found that large amounts of this plant compound helped fat mice live longer. The mice were fed much more resveratrol than people could get from red wine, one of the foods that contains it. Now, scientists in France say resveratrol also improves muscle performance -- again, at least in mice. They were able to run two times as far in laboratory treadmill tests4 as mice normally could. The study at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biologys appeared in the journal Cell.

单选题The secrets of sleep were a mystery for centuries simply because there was neither the means (51) them, nor the need. Only when candles gave way (52) gaslight, and gas to electricity, when man became able to (53) night into day, and double his output by working shifts round the clock, did people seriously start wondering (54) sleep could possibly be a waste of time. Our ability to switch night into day is very recent, and it is (55) if we will ever (56) want, or be able to give up our habit of (57) a good night's sleep. (58) , a remarkable research project in London has already discovered a few people who actually enjoy insomnia. Even chronic insomniacs often get hours more sleep. (59) they think. But, by placing electric contact (60) the eyes and on the head, it is possible to check their complaint by studying the tiny currents we generate which (61) the different brainwaves of sleep and (62) . This has shown that for some people seven or eight hours sleep a night are quite unnecessary. (63) recent work has shown that (64) sleep is bad for you, so that if you are fortunate enough to be born with a body which needs only a small (65) of sleep, you may well be healthier and happier than someone who sleeps longer.

单选题Chemical weapons are {{U}}banned{{/U}} internationally. A.listed B.forbided C.handled D.investigated

单选题Irradiating Food Irradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb, is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that industry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products. Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe government inspection, higher food-safety standards, and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of. All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients. Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation—gamma rays, high-energy electrons, and X rays—and sets limits on doses, depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food, because of their molecular compositions, may require different doses of radiation.

单选题With immense relief, I stopped running. A. much B. enormous C. little D. extensive

单选题The story was Utouching/U.

单选题Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis

单选题After seeing some of Louis Kahn"s architectural plans, Jonas Salk asked him to build a laboratory in La Jolla, California.

单选题The way a man looks has little to do with the job opportunities he may have.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have been developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as nature/nurture . Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patter, ns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B.F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of the behavior. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

单选题The governments of most seacoast nations print tidal tables showing the times of the tides at their main ports.

单选题The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.

单选题Food Safety and Foodborne Illness Food safety is an increasingly important public health issue. Governments all over the world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety. These efforts are in response (51) an increasing number of food safety problems and (52) consumer concerns. Foodborne illnesses are (53) as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food. Every person is (54) risk of foodborne illness. Foodbome diseases are a widespread and growing public health problem, both in developed (55) developing countries. The global (56) of foodborne disease is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in 2005 (57) 8 million people died from diarrhoeal diseases. A great (58) of these cases can be attributed to contamination of food and drinking water. (59) , diarrhoeal is a major cause of malnutrition in infants and young children. In industrialized countries, the percentage of me population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been reported to be 10 (60) 30%. In the United States of America (USA, for example, around 76 million cases of foodborne diseases, (61) 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to occur each year. While less well documented, developing countries bear the brunt of the problem due to the presence of a wide (62) of foodborne diseases, including those caused by parasites. The high (63) of diarrhoeal diseases in many developing countries suggests major underlying food safety problems. In partnership (64) other stakeholders, WHO is developing policies that will further promote the safety of food. These policies cover the entire food chain from production to consumption and will (65) different types of expertise.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}} Changes in the American Family{{/B}} How much change has really occurred in the American family and what are the implications of these changes? First, the household size has changed greatly since 1790. From 1790 to 1978 the mean family size was cut in half from 5.79 persons to 2.81 persons. In 1790 almost 63 percent of all persons lived in the households of five or more people. By 1978 the size accounted for a little over 14 percent of all households. By the end of the 19th century a majority of Americans were living in urban areas, and the family was very much influenced by the rapid development of industrialization. With the arrival of immigrants, the urban population was increasingly heterogeneous(由不同成分组成的). This challenges the exclusiveness of any single family pattern. In the 20th century, the ideal American family consisted of a husband and wife living with dependent children. They lived in a household of their own provided for by the husband's earnings. The wife was responsible for emotional maintenance of the marriage and for raising the children and running the household. The major change in the family in this century has been due to married women entering the work force. This, at least for periods of time. has taken the woman out of her full-time involvement in the home. Of all husband and wife families about 40% have both in the work force at any given time. In the past the identity of the individual was submerged in the family. In general, reputation in the community came from the family. Today, however, whatever individuals achieve is usually assessed on its own merit, and family has little relevance. Individuals make it or don't make it essentially on their own. A sociologist describes another way in which the American family has changed. Today, in the Western world, the major burdens that are a part of the family system are emotional ones. But in the 19th century the family was much more involved with economic needs and tasks; family and relatives were valued for providing assistance during crisis.

单选题People who do not sleep enough tend to become {{U}}irritable{{/U}}.

单选题There are some steps you can take yourself to avoid catching a cold. Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather. Colds are caused by viruses(病毒)harbored in the body, and you' re better off out on the ski slopes or even waiting for the bus on a snowy day than you are in a toasty warm room, surrounded by friends, co-workers, or fellow students, who just may be passing the virus around. If you feel a chill when you're coming down with a cold, you're already sick. A chill is an early symptom: It's the cold that caused the chill, not the other way around. While the virus can spread through droplets propelled into the air when a cold-sufferer coughs or sneezes, surprisingly, this is not the most common route of transmission. Numerous studies have now shown that the overwhelming majority of colds are "caught" by hand contact. A cold-sufferer rubs her nose, thereby transferring the virus to her hand. Then a friend comes to visit. "Don't kiss me," she cautions, so the friend steps back and presses her hand. The friend then wipes her own nose or eye--and several days later is stricken with a cold. Or parents pick up their child's discarded(丢弃了的)tissues and carefully throw them away, but fail to wash their hands afterward. Cold viruses also can be transferred to objects--telephones, towels, plates--and remain infections for up to three hours. Frequent hand-washing--on the part of the cold-sufferer as well as other members of the household--will minimize the spread of viruses in this way.