单选题One of the {{U}}qualifications{{/U}} we need in advertising is an original mind.

单选题 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} Medical bills in the United States have risen violently since 1960's and steps need to be taken to reverse this trend or the average American will not be able to afford medical care. The major factor in increasing the cost of medical care has been the dramatic increase in the cost of hospital services. The rise in the cost of hospitalization can be only partly blamed on inflation (通货膨胀)since hospital bills in the last two decades have risen at a considerably higher rate than inflation. Another factor cited by doctors as a major cause for the increase in the cost of medical care is malpractice(治疗错误). Increasingly large awards for malpractice have caused doctors to increase their rates to cover the higher malpractice insurance. Because of the large malpractice awards, doctors are also prescribing more conservative and more extensive and therefore more costly treatment for patients as a defense against malpractice claims. Whatever the causes of the wild increases in the cost of medical care are, the government needs to take strong action before it is too late for Americans.

单选题Drug Reactions — a Major Cause of Death Adverse drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100,000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association. "The incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in US hospitals was found to be extremely high, " say researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined an ADR as "any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy. " An average 6.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every year, according to the researchers. They estimate that "in 1994, overall 2,216,000 hospitalized patients had serious ADRs, and 106,000 had fatal ADRs. " This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of death in America. And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers add, since their ADR definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures. The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US study estimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $4 billion per year. Dr. David Bates of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. "When a patient develops an allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded, " Bates notes, "and patients receive drugs to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency. "He believes computerized surveillance systems — still works-in-progress at many of the nation's hospitals — should help cut down the frequency of these types of errors.

单选题We have got to abide by the rules. A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply

单选题Energy Resources Humans are using up the world's energy resources in a way no other animal has ever done. We use them to provide light and heating in our homes, to plough the land, to cook our food, to travel, to run our factories, and in countless other ways. Whether we are rural workers in a developing country or urban workers in a wealthy industrial country, we all need energy, although the sources of the energy and the amounts used vary greatly from one society to another. There are different forms or types of energy. Fuels such as coal, oil (petroleum), and wood contain chemical energy. When these fuels are burnt, the chemical energy changes to heat and light energy. Electricity is the most important form of energy in the industrialized world, because it can be transported over long distances via cables and transmission lines. It is also a very convenient form of energy, since it can power a wide variety of household appliances and industrial machinery. It is produced by converting the chemical energy from coal, oil, or natural gas in power stations. Energy resources fall into two broad groups: renewable and nonrenewable. Renewable resources are those which replenish(补充) themselves naturally and will either always be available hydroelectric power(水力发电), solar energy, wind and wave power, tidal energy, and geothermal energy (地热能) or will continue to be available provided supplies are given sufficient time to replenish themselves-peat(泥煤) and firewood. Nonrenewable resources are those of which there are limited supplies and which once used are gone forever. These include coal, oil, natural gas, and uranium (轴). Coal, oil, and natural gas are called fossil fuels(化石燃料) because they are the fossilized(使成化石) remains of plants and animals that lived hundreds of millions of years age. Burning fossil fuels releases chemicals that cause acid rain, and is gradually increasing the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, causing global warming.

单选题An independent inquiry into out of hours services of family doctors in Scotland has concluded that the introduction of GP cooperatives has been a positive development that is benefiting both patients and doctors. The working group that drew up the report, however, has expressed some concern about the treatment of children and difficulties faced by some patients in arranging their own transport to travel to emergency centers. Improvements are being sought by the Scottish Office on these issues to improve the quality, fairness, and responsiveness of the system. The inquiry was prompted by the deaths of two babies in Ayrshire after the local cooperative, Ayrshire Doctors on Call, provided telephone advice but declined requests for home visits. Parents of the dead children criticized the cooperative for failing to send out a doctor. The parents supported a campaign that called for automatic home visits to be provided for certain groups of patients, such as children and elderly people. That idea has been rejected by the inquiry team, which said that neither patient nor professional groups accepted the value of policies that would provide automatic home visits. Instead, it is recommended that cooperatives carry out more effective monitoring of treatment for children, including reviewing complaints and critical incidents. The first GP cooperatives were formed three years ago to take over out of hours calls from individual practices, but they were established with different working practices. The report notes that variation exists in transport arrangements, with some cooperatives providing free transport to emergency centers and others requiring people often make their own arrangements. Health board have been ordered to report on the fairness of transport arrangements in their area. Guidelines are also to be introduced to ensure that cooperatives are working to similar high standards. They will include arrangements that will allow patients to make contact with an out of hours service with a single phone call. Initiatives are also planned to help GPs in rural areas who have been unable to benefit from the development of cooperatives. An extra 540 000 is being provided to pay for these developments.

单选题They agreed to {{U}}modify{{/U}} their policy.

单选题Penguins do not suffer from the cold in Antarctica because their feathers secrete a protective oil. A. hide B. warm C. produce D. absorb

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} The idea of test-tube babies may make you starry-eyed with delight at the wonders of modern medicine or bleary-eyed with considering the moral/legal implications of starting life in a laboratory. But if you've ever been pregnant(怀孕)yourself, one thing is certain: You wonder what it's like to carry a test-tube baby. Are these pregnancies normal? Are the babies normal? The earliest answers come from Australia, where a group of medical experts at the Queen Victoria Medical Center in Melbourne have taken a look at the continent's first nine seemed to proceed according to plan, but at birth some unusual trends did show up. Seven of the nine babies turned out to be girls. Six of the nine were delivered by Caesarean section(剖腹产术). And one baby, a twin, was born with a serious heart defect and a few days later developed life-threatening abdominal problems. What does it all mean? Even the doctors don't know for sure, because the numbers are so small. The proportion of girls to boys is high, but until there are many more test-tube babies no one will know whether that's pure coincidence(巧合)or something special. The same thing is true of the single heart defect; it usually shows up in only 15 out of 60,000 births in that part of Australia, but the fact that it occurred in one out of nine test-tube babies does not necessarily mean that they are at special risk. One thing the doctors can explain is the high number of Caesareans. The Australian researchers report that they are quite encouraged. All the babies are now making nomal progress--even the twin with the birth defects.

单选题{{U}}Blend{{/U}} the sugar, flour, and eggs together.

单选题You will be meeting her Upresently/U.

单选题Need for Emphasis on Treatment AIDS programs in developing put too little emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people. An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440.000 people in developing countries were receiving treatiment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report. "Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death," the WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report. WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs. "Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease," Lee said. "By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss, "he added. Antiretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $10,000 when the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $150. Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available. Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said. Since its discovery in the 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly in poor countries.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} Sleep Deficit(不足) Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to. " says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest. The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark. " By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it," says Dr. David. "They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous. " "Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep," researchers say, "is the complexity of the day. " Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program. "In our society, you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep. If you've got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition. " To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or re call a page read to them only minutes earlier. "We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, perform ance suffers," says Dr. David. "Shot-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.

单选题Gambling is lawful in Nevada.

单选题We all think that Mary's husband is a very Uboring/U person.

单选题The {{U}}residents {{/U}}in this area are mostly rich enough to afford this kind of products.

单选题Diabetes (糖尿病) and Eye Damage Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin (胰岛素) or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose (葡萄糖), a simple sugar, to the body"s cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn"t available or doesn"t work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose will stay in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜) is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to "leak" blood. This causes the retina to swell, and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones. They are more likely to break, causing bleeding in the eye. At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, they may notice blurred (模糊的) vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness. Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy, and the risk increases the longer you"ve had diabetes. Fortunately, you can reduce your risk. If you do not have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condition, visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes: ·Have frequent eye check-ups. ·Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage. ·If you have high blood pressure, follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control. If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure, or whether your blood pressure is under control, discuss this with your doctor.

单选题The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster. A. delayed B. quick C. positive D. unfavorable

单选题If I made a mistake, I will try to remedy it.

单选题 Sleep Problems Plague the Older Set Older Americans often have difficulty getting a good night's rest. It's a huge quality-of-life problem, experts say, because contrary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults. "Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent (固有的) part of aging," said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学) and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. "It's pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people." Yet, in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine, researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need. Older people tend to have "sleep fragmentation", meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammck, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University. They also seem to get less "REM" sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added. It's unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on person's quality of life, Bloom said. "What is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep," he said. And, experts say, there is usually more than one cause. "Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations," said Michael V. Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington's Northwest Geriatric Education Center. Taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue a "hypersomnia", or being tired all the time, Bloom added. Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety. "Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems." Despite the prevalence (流行) of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients Aren't getting the help they need. As a result, problems like insomnia (失眠), restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated, Bloom said.