填空题To most, common sense means the ability to present sound, practical judgments on everyday affairs. To do this, one has to sweep aside extra ideas and get right to the core of what matters. ______ In conduction of meeting and dealing with industry reducing a complex problem to the simplest term is highly important. "A. And 61 percent say that common sense was very important in contributing to their success.B. Besides common sense, there are many other factors that influence success: knowing your field, self - reliance, intelligence, the ability to get things done, leadership, creativity, relationships with others, and of course, luck.C. At the Gallop Organization we recently focused in depth on success, probing the aaitudes of 1500 prominent people selected at random from who's who in America.D. A Texas oil and gas businessman puts it this way: "The key ability for success is simplifying.E. If you develop these qualities, you'll succeed.F. Another way to increase your store of common sense is to observe it in others, learning from their--and your own--mistakes.

填空题 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3～6段每段选择1个最佳标题：(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Drug Abuse 1 The term "drug abuse" most often refers to the use of a drug with such frequency that it causes physical or mental harm to the user or impairs social functioning. Although the term seems to imply that users abuse the drugs they take, in fact, it is themselves or others they abuse by using drugs. 2 Pharmacologists, who study the effects of drugs, classify psychoactive drugs according to what they do to those who take them. Drugs that speed up signals passing through the nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and produce alertness and arousal in higher doses , excitability, and inhibit fatigue and sleep, are called stimulants. Drugs that retard, slow down, or depress signals passing through the central nervous system and produce relaxation, a lowering of anxiety, and, at higher doses, drowsiness and sleep, are called depressants. One distinct kind of depressants are those which dull the mind's perception of pain and in medicine are used as painkillers, or analgesics. These drugs called narcotics. 3 It is not always easy to determine exactly when simple drug use becomes abuse. Thus it is far easier to study who uses illegal psychoactive drugs than it is to study who abuses them. When researchers describe patterns of drug abuse, then, they usually describe the more general phenomenon of drug use, whether it leads to abuse or not. 4 Drinking on the job is a social and economic problem with a long history. With the growing popularity of illegal drugs in the 1960s and 1970s, it was to be expected that their use in the workplace would emerge as a major issue by the 1980s. Estimates of employee drug use vary greatly, ranging from 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the job. 5 From the 1920s until the 1960s, treatment of drug abuse in the United States was practically nonexistent. During this period many officials did not believe that treatment was effective or necessary. Drug abusers and sellers were simply arrested and imprisoned, thereby discouraging use. The dramatic explosion in the use and abuse of a wide range of different drugs during the 1960s demonstrated the weakness of this theory. As a result, two treatment programs were developed during the 1960s. A. Patterns of drug abuse B. Treatment C. Drug testing in the workplace D. Classification of psychoactive drugs E. Definition

填空题A. if there isn't enough dopamine in your bodyB. what affects muscles all through your bodyC. which cannot be cured yetD. if you have a fixed or blank expressionE. which may be the first symptom you noticeF. what causes Parkinson's disease

填空题A. be costlyB. harmfulC. save a lifeD. still open to debateE. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF. reduced to the minimum

填空题Chest Compressions: Most Important of CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, can save the life of someone whose heart has stopped. The condition is called cardiac arrest. The heart stops pumping blood. The person stops breathing. Without lifesaving measures, the brain starts to die within four to six minutes. CPR combines breathing into the victim's mouth and repeated presses on the chest. (1) However, a new Japanese study questions the usefulness of mouth-to-mouth breathing. The study was published in the British medical magazine, The Lancet3 Doctors in Tokyo led the research. It examined more than four thousand people who had suffered cardiac arrest. In all the cases, witnesses saw the event happen. More than one thousand of the victims received some kind of medical assistance from witnesses. Seven hundred and twelve received CPR. Four hundred and thirty-nine received chest presses only. (2) The researchers say any kind of CPR improved chances of the patient's survival. But, they said those people treated with only chest presses suffered less brain damage. Twenty-two percent survived with good brain ability. (3) The American Heart Association changed its guidelines for CPR chest presses in 2005. (4) Gordon Ewy is a heart doctor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson. He wrote a report that appeared with the study. Doctor Ewy thinks the CPR guidelines should be changed again. He said the heart association should remove rescue breaths from the guidelines. He argues that more witnesses to cardiac arrests would provide treatment if rescue breaths are not a part of CPR. He says this would save lives. (5) Cardiac arrest kills more than 300, 000 people in the United States every year. The American Heart Association says about ninety-five percent of victims die before they get to a medical center. A. So far, we have not known exactly yet whether mouth-to-mouth breathing is really useless in CPR. B. Only ten percent of the victims treated with traditional CPR survived with good brain ability. C. CPR keeps blood and oxygen flowing to the heart and brain. D. His studies show that many people do not want to perform mouth-to-mouth breathing on a stranger for fear of getting a disease. E. It said people should increase the number of chest presses from fifteen to thirty for every two breaths given. F. No mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths were given to them.

填空题False Fear of Big Fish Many people believe sharks (鲨鱼)are dangerous and will always try to hurt or even kill humans. (46) A shark exhibition at the National Aquarium (水族馆) in Baltimore, US, proves this. Visitors can touch young sharks, see their eggs develop and watch a dozen different species swim smoothly around a huge tank. Most people fail to realize that shark attacks don't happen very often. Humans are more likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark. (47) There, kids can learn, from an early age, not to fear sharks. "People fear what they don't know," said Nancy Hotchkiss, an organizer of the exhibition. "Sharks have been around for 400 million years and play an important role in the ocean's food chain. We want people to discover that sharks are amazing animals that need our respect and protection." (48) A study, published in January in the US magazine, Science, found that almost all recorded shark species have fallen by half in the past 8 to 15 years. Thousands of sharks are hunted in Asia for special foods, such as shark fin (鱼翅) soup. And many others get caught in nets, while fishermen are hunting other fish. (49) "Some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean for sharks," said Dave Schofield, the manager of the aquarium's ocean health programme. (50) A. They can watch them develop inside their eggs and feel the skin of the older swimmers. B. A shocking 100 million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans. C. In fact, 94 percent of the world's 400 species are harmless to humans. D. It is a worrying situation and some areas have put measures in place to protect these special fish. E. And to make this point clear, the museum has set up a special touching pool for children. F. More than half of the sharks caught are smaller than 1 metre long.

填空题A Biological Clock Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. 1 It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake. Events outside the plant and animal affect the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur because of the number of hours of daylight. In the short days of winter, its fur becomes white. 2 3 German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration flight twice each year. Birds prevented from flying become restless when it is time for the trip, but they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended. Scientists say they are beginning to learn which parts of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain seems to control the timing of some of our actions. 4 Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities. Dr. Moorhead is studying how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours. 5 Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said such understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory"s production. A. These cells tell a person when to awaken, when to sleep and when to seek food. B. Inner signals control other biological clocks. C. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. D. It can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. E. The reason why there is a biological clock is not confirmed. F. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.

填空题The First Four Minutes When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends.'? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The first four minutes," he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: (46) . A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met. (47) . If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much. When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves." On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his own needs, fears, and hopes. Hearing such advice, one might say, " But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to be at that way. " (48) . We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. " But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions. (49) . For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later. The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. (50) that is at least as important as how much we know.A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us fee/ comfortable about changing our social habits.B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.E. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.F. He is eager to make friends with everyon

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有的位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案填在相应的横线上。 {{B}} Agitated Sunspot Cause Trouble{{/B}} If the lights in your house keep flickering, blame frequent sunspots. A sunspot is actually charged particles flying at the speed of 3 million kilometers an hour out of the surface of the sun to form sun storms. {{U}} (1) {{/U}} The earth, which is directly energized by the sun, is influenced by sun storms in a number of ways. {{U}} (2) {{/U}}Wireless short-wave communication, which depends on the wave's reflection against this layer of atmosphere, is likely to be jammed. It is said that mobile phone communication may be affected too. {{U}} (3) {{/U}}According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to 1960, the frequency of earthquakes can be linked to the movement of the sunspots. Though little research has been carried out about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health of the people, a paper published by a North Korea observatory says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart disease and skin disease.{{U}} (4) {{/U}}. Besides, the nervous system is also affected, and traffic accidents are more frequent when sunspots are active. It is hard to say when the sunspots are most violent during their active year, but generally one active period is believed to last possibly eight days. Not long ago there were two violent sun storms breaking out, which seriously affected mobile phone communication, etc. in many parts of the world.{{U}} (5) {{/U}}. A. Ionosphere is high above the earth. B. One is that the magnetic filed of the earth is much disturbed because of the sun's interference in the ionosphere which is 80 to 500 kilometers above the earth. C. Scientists also say that the active movement of the charged sun storm also has effects on earthquakes. D. Every 11 years, the sun, as its energy accumulate inside up to a certain point, will send out streams of charged particles, which affect the earth in different ways. E. But the communication situation in each case returned to normal in about 24 hours. F. So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their exposed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasses from the strong sunlight rich in ultraviolet rays.

填空题Old Man Myths and Realities 1. When does a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially, of course, it"s when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt (生硬的) method of decision making. As life expectancy (预期寿命) increases, retirement planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago. 2. Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 70 -75, and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family. The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation. 3. Although men are living longer, there are still more old women than old men. This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man. Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety, financial problems, loneliness, etc., but that"s really about all we know. 4. It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health. In fact, most rate their health as good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.

填空题 The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke. The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke. People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} A. Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. B. The Gilsons have been married for 35 years. C. This smoke is called secondhand smoke. D. However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young. E. As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places. F. In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.

填空题Stanford University attracts students from ______.

填空题A. in or near the familyB. when it is known the victim took too much of what is called a general poisonC. on the advice of a medical expertD. a sudden pain or sickness, bums or an unusual smell coming from a person's mouthE. a strong acid or a strong alkaliF. the distinction between life and death

填空题If you had no one to share your feelings, your life would be ______.

填空题Chest Compressions: Most Important of CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, can save the life of someone whose heart has stopped. The condition is called cardiac arrest. The heart stops pumping blood. The person stops breathing. Without lifesaving measures, the brain starts to die within four to six minutes. CPR combines breathing into the victim"s mouth and repeated presses on the chest. 1 . However, a new Japanese study questions the usefulness of mouth-to-mouth breathing. The study was published in the British medical magazine, The Lancet. Doctors in Tokyo led the research. It examined more than four thousand people who had suffered cardiac arrest. In all the cases, witnesses saw the event happen. More than one thousand of the victims received some kind of medical assistance from witnesses. Seven hundred and twelve received CPR. Four hundred and thirty-nine received chest presses only. 2 The researchers say any kind of CPR improved chances of the patient"s survival. But, they said those people treated with only chest presses suffered less brain damage. Twenty-two percent survived with good brain ability. 3 . The American Heart Association changed its guidelines for CPR chest presses in 2005. 4 Gordon Ewy is a heart doctor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson. He wrote a report that appeared with the study. Doctor Ewy thinks the CPR guidelines should be changed again. He said the heart association should remove rescue breaths from the guidelines. He argues that more witnesses to cardiac arrests would provide treatment if rescue breaths are not a part of CPR. He says this would save lives 5 . Cardiac arrest kills more than 300,000 people in the United States every year. The American Heart Association says about ninety-five percent of victims die before they get to a medical center. A. So far, we have not known exactly yet whether mouth-to-mouth breathing is really useless in CPR. B. Only ten percent of the victims treated with traditional CPR survived with good brain ability. C. CPR keeps blood and oxygen flowing to the heart and brain. D. His studies show that many people do not want to perform mouth-to-mouth breathing on a stranger for fear of getting a disease. E. It said people should increase the number of chest presses from fifteen to thirty for every two breaths given. F. No mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths were given to them.

填空题Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing? 1 In today's knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers. 2 Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists (文体学家) and business consultants who earn their living from talk, talk and more talk. The World Foundation think tank (智囊团) says the UK's four iconic (标志性职业) jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can. 3 Although the country's trade deficit was more than ￡60 billion in 2006, UK's largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry (医药工业)? and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services-accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock'n'roll is an English language medium, and there are billions to he made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of Strength to carry the British economy. 4 However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK's exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities", 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent). 5 In fact, it might tie better to call Britain a "servant" economy-there are at least 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector-in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes.A. Growth of EconomyB. "Servant" EconomyC. Strength of the Creative EconomyD. Weakness of the Creative EconomyE. Gift of talkingF. Export of Talking Machines

填空题Stanford University 1 Stanford University,famous as one of northern California's several institutions of higher learning,is sometimes called "the Harvard of the West. "The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco,a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university a decidectly cosmopolitan flavor. 2 The students are enrolled mainly from the western United States. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford,and many foreign students study here,as well. And standards for admission remain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes. 3 Not only because of the high caliber of its students But also Because of the desirable location and climate,Stanford has attracted to its facuhy some of the world's most respected scholars. The university staff has included many Nobel Prize winners such as Dr. Felix Bloch,Dr. Robert Hofstadter,and Dr. William Shockley in physics,Dr. Author Kornberg and Dr. Joshua Lederberg in medicine,and Dr. Paul J. Flory and Dr. Linus Pauling in chemistry. The Russian novelist Aleksandr SoIzhenistsyn has Been in residence. Stanford's undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business,law, and medicine are especially well-regarded. 4 What is student life like on "The Farm"? Cuhurally, the campus is a magnet for Both students and citizens of nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in the university's several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater , where graduations are also held. Several film series are presented during the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic life frequently appear on campus. In the evenings, many students gather to socialize in the Student Union's coffee house;here the Beverages and the atmosphere both have a decidedly European flavor. For the sports-minded, the Stanford campus offers highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. So are bicycling and jogging. 5 In addition to financial support from alumni,Stanford receives grants from the government and from private philanthropic foundations. In recent years,government grants have made possible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy. At presents Stanford is carrying out an ambitious building program,financed in part by the Ford Foundation's 25 million grant. Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business,new graduate school of law,new student union,and undergraduate library.A. Colorful life on the campusB. Intelligent student bodyC. School administrationD. Distinguished facultyE. Substantial financial supportF. The Harvard of the West

填空题The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen Check out the io Personal Digital Pen launched by Logitech: It"s a magic pen that can store everything you write and transfer it to your computer. And you don"t have to lug a hand held device along with you for it to work. Logitech"s technology works like this: The pen writes normally, using normal ballpoint pen ink. But while you are writing, a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking 100 snapshots per second of what you are doing, mapping your writing via a patchwork of minute dots printed on the paper. All this information the movement of your pen on the paper, basically—is then stored digitally inside the pen, whether you are writing notes or drawing complex diagrams. You can store up to 40 pages worth of doodles in the pen"s memory. As far as you are concerned, you are just using a normal pen. It is only when you drop the pen into its PC-connected cradle that the fun begins. Special software on your PC will figure out what you have done, and begin to download any documents you have written since the last time it was there. Depending on whether you have ticked certain boxes on the special notepad, it can also tell whether the document is destined to be an e-mail, a "to do" task, or a diagram to be inserted into a word-processing document. Once the documents are downloaded you can view them, print them out or convert them to other formats. The io Personal Digital Pen is a neat and simple solution to the problem of storing, sharing and retrieving handwritten notes, as well as for handling diagrams, pictures and other non-text doodling. You don"t have to carry a laptop along with you. All you have to do is just to whip out the pen and the special paper and you are off. It is a great product because it does not force you to work differently—walking around with a screen strapped to your arm, or carrying with you extra bits and pieces. The pen is light and works like a normal pen if you need it to, while the special notepads look and feel like notepads. The only strange looks will be from people who are curious why you are writing with a cigar. The io Personal Digital Pen also has potential elsewhere. FedEx, for example, is introducing a version of the pen so that customers can fill out forms by hand—instead of punching letters into cumbersome devices. Once that data is digital more or less anything can be done with it—transferring it wirelessly to a central computer, for example, or via a hand-phone. Doctors could transmit their prescriptions directly to pharmacies, reducing fraud; policemen could send their reports back to the station, reducing paperwork.

填空题A Baby's Growth 1. To describe a baby's growth, the old saying "one thing leads to another" should really read, "one thing leads to an explosion. " The perfection of vision and the ability to hold his head up allow appreciation of visual space. The evolution of increasingly efficient reaching also lets the baby appreciate and participate in his three-dimensional world. 2. You may notice that your baby can grab toys with either hand. This is partly because the baby has learned to grasp an object even if it touches his hand lightly or his eyes are averted. By the end of the fourth month, he can probably alternate hands to grab the toys or transfer a toy from one hand to the other. He may even wave it briskly, then transfer it and repeat the waving, shuttling it back and forth between hands. In imitating the behavior of one hand with the other, the baby may be becoming aware that he can do the same thing with each arm and that each hand is distinct from the other. This awareness is important to his receiving information about space. The baby also begins to see himself act when he repeatedly reaches for and grasps things. He starts to distinguish himself from the outer world. 3. If you would like another sign of this growth process, try one or Gesell's measures of mental growth, the behavior of a baby before a mirror. According to Gesell. a baby will smile at his image at around twenty weeks of age. Hold your baby up to a mirror and watch him examine the faces there. He will probably attend most to his own image and perhaps smile at it. As his image returns the smile, he may become active and vocalize. He may also look back and forth between your image and you as if the duplication puzzles him. A baby who knows his mother's face cannot understand two of them. Calling softly to your baby, as he looks at your confusing double, complicates matters even further. His turning back to the real you shows that a baby four months old is likely to have the ability of preference in discrimination. 4. An early attachment to one object — a toy or a stuffed animal — is another index of discrimination. as well as self-development, for the baby's interests are going beyond himself. Most babies do not prefer one toy this early, but some will. After exploring each toy. your baby may start reaching and playing with one special one. In the months co come, the toy or anything else the baby identifies with himself by wearing or carrying may become a "lovey". A "lovey" will be slept with, chewed, hugged, loved, and "talked to. " These "loveies" give the baby a way of coping with the necessary separations from the mother. A friendly and familiar toy bear may just make him easier on himself. Rather than feeling threatened, a mother should be flattered by her baby's extension of affection elsewhere. A baby with the heart to find a "lovey" is showing early mental resourcefulness and flexibility.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} Screen Test{{/B}} 1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. 3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160, 000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant" compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help "optimise the technique" for breast cancer screening. 7. "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. "On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That's why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme."