填空题The Dangers of Second-hand Smoke Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer. However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. 1 No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that second-hand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people"s cigarettes. 2 The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to second-hand smoke. The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker"s health. 3 They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid second-hand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. It is even harder for children to avoid second-hand smoke. 4 Research shows that children who are exposed to second-hand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke. People are becoming very aware of the dangers of second-hand smoke. 5 A. Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. B. The Gilsons have been married for 35 years. C. This smoke is called second-hand smoke. D. However, second-hand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young. E. As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places. F. In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.

填空题A. remote places attract the travellers with promises of excitementB. has changed a lotC. was uncertain and dangerousD. international travelE. JetsF. confusing and frustrating

填空题The Story of Lani Five-year-old Lani still takes seven medicines with her breakfast every morning. "She"s very good about it," says her father David. Lani is alive today because of her father David, in more than one way; when she was one year old she received part of her father"s liver in a liver transplant operation. Lani was born with a liver illness. 1 Doctors advised that a transplant was the only way in which she would live. The operation lasted 12 hours and needed two teams, one for the father and one for the daughter. 2 In these cases, the donor"s liver grows to normal size in about eight weeks. And the child"s liver becomes smaller. Lani spent three weeks in hospital after the operation. Because the receiver"s body tries to reject the new organ, the patient has to be given special drugs. 3 Although David left hospital after 10 days, he didn"t return to work until after three months. In order to reach the liver, the doctors have to cut through the stomach wall, which is strong and full of muscle. It therefore takes a long time to recover after this operation. 4 So far, only 16 of these liver-transplant operations have been carried out in Britain. 5 Doctors say, "If possible, we prefer to take a liver from a dead donor, usually a parent." Lani still has to look after her health, and she gets more tired than other children of the same age, but doctors hope that she will continue to get stronger and stronger. A. She had one operation when she was six weeks old, which was not successful. B. While these drugs are given, it is important that the patient does not catch any illness, not even a cold. C. In this operation a piece of liver, weighing about 250—300 grams, was removed from the father and transplanted into the daughter. D. David quickly recovered from the operation. E. However, they are more common in North America and Japan. F. David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year.

填空题The Drink Your Body Needs Most 1. Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water. Blood is mostly water. And our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs. 2. We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸) , and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty. 3. A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need. For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8-ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane. 4. It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don"t need.

填空题What a parent Is most concerned with upon the birth of a child is ______.

填空题 The Drink Your Body Needs Most 1. Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs. 2. We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸), and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty. 3. A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need. For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8 ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane. 4. It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don't need.

填空题Representatives of Callahan Media Associates (CMA) announced today that the news agency would attempt to buy the National Broadcasting System (NBS), the second largest television and radio network in the United States. Ronald Callahan, son of Jessica Callahan, who started CMA, told reporters that he expects his company's offering price to be high enough to win out over other offers.A. Her success in raising the news reporting standards as well as making the Herald into a profitable business gained Callahan the attention and respect of the British news establishment.B. Philip agreed that Callahan and CMA had done a lot to help American newspapers become more financially secure, but he expressed fears that the new management was going to make news coverage on NBS irresponsible.C. He indicated that NBS executives had already discussed reorganization plans that might result from a CMA takeover.D. Callahan had never visited the United States before she came to Miami and became the publisher of the Miami Journal almost eight years ago, but she had been reading the newspaper for several years, and she said that she liked the paper's style.E. A native of the United Kingdom, Jessica Callahan began to buy newspapers, magazines, and radio stations in the United States eight years ago.F. But by the time she was 35, she had become a publisher and started CMA, which is now one of the largest media organizations in the worl

填空题______ In the first place, Britain had the money necessary to finance the larger enterprises. England's supremacy on the seas had encouraged commerce, and Englishmen had been amassing wealth through there commerce and industry. The newly rich class in that country were not the aristocratic (贵族) group, but merchants and businessmen who were willing to devote themselves to industry and scientific agriculture. The wealth of France, on the other hand, was largely in the hands of the nobility, and they were not willing to do the necessary work to develop industry.A. Great Britain had undertaken very early the manufacturing of inexpensive and more practical products for which there would be ever -growing demand from the people.B. There was coal in northern France, too, but France was late in tapping such resources because really everyone depended directly or indirectly on farming for his living.C. On the other hard, France produced articles in the luxury class.D. This had not been the case in France, which was still chiefly an agricultural country with peasants bound to their masters in many ways so they could not easily move to the cities.E. So she was ready for methods that would make it possible to manufacture in large quantities.F. There were several reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain ratherthan in France, the other great powers of the day.

填空题Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of ______.

填空题A. milk, meat, vegetables, etc. were deliveredB. it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commoditiesC. foods can be preservedD. most kids like iced soft drinksE. every housewife needs foodF. the fridge produced when it is working

填空题A. in the development of air transportationB. the earliest passenger flights were successfully operatedC. to make travel easy and pleasant for the passengersD. to provide different services E the shortage of qualified pilotsF. travelling by air was very cheap

填空题 A. 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the job B. determine exactly when simple drug use becomes abuse C. the 1920s until the 1960s D. the 1960s until the 1970s E. signals passing through the nervous system

填空题Electromagnetic Energy 1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy. 2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space. 3. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared(红外线的)radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays(紫外线)and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. 4. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too. 5. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed(利用)by man. Chemical energy comes from electron(电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun"s energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium(氦). 6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.

填空题The Story of Lani Five-year-old Lani still takes seven medicines with her breakfast every morning. "She"s very good about it," says her father David. Lani is alive today because of her father David, in more than one way; when she was one year old she received part of her father"s liver in a liver-transplant operation. Lani was born with a liver illness. 1 Doctors advised that a transplant was the only way in which she would live. The operation lasted 12 hours and needed tWO teams, one for the father and one for the daughter. 2 In these cases, the donor"s liver grows to normal size in about eight weeks, and the child"s liver becomes smaller. Lani spent three weeks in hospital after the operation, because the receiver"s body tries to reject the new organ, the patient has to be given special drugs. 3 Although David left hospital after 10 days, he didn"t return to work until after three months. In order to reach the liver, the doctors have to cut through the stomach wall, which is strong and full of muscle. It therefore takes a long time to recover after this operation. 4 So far, only 16 of these liver-transplant operations have been carried out in Britain. 5 Doctors say, "If possible, we prefer to take a liver from a dead donor, usually a parent." Lani still has to look after her health, and she gets more tired than other children of the same age, but doctors hope that she will continue to get stronger and stronger. A．She had one operation when she was six weeks old, which was not successful. B．While these drugs are given, it is important that the patient does not catch any illness, not even a cold. C．In this operation a piece of liver, weighing about 250～300 grams, was removed from the father and transplanted into the daughter. D．David quickly recovered from the operation. E．However, they are more common in North America and Japan. F．David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year.

填空题下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。{{B}}ABadIdea{{/B}}Thinkyoucanwalk,drive,takephone,calls,e-mailandlistentomusicatthesametime?Well,NewYork'snewlawsaysyoucan't{{U}}(46){{/U}}Thelawwentintoforcelastmonth,followingresearchandashockingnumberofaccidentsthatinvolvedpeopleusingelectronicgadgets(小巧机械)whencrossingthestreet.Who'stoblame?{{U}}(47){{/U}}"Weareundertheimpressionthatourbraincandomorethanitoftencan,"saysReneMarois,aneuroscientist(神经科学家)inTennessee."Butacorelimitationistheinabilitytoconcentrateontwothingsatonce."Theyoungpeopleareoftenconsideredthegreatmultitaskers.{{U}}(48){{/U}}Agroupof18-to21-year-oldsandagroupof35-to39-year-oldsweregiven90secondstotranslateimagesintonumbers,usingasimplecode.{{U}}(49){{/U}}ButwhenbothgroupswereinterruptedbyaPhonecalloraninstantmessage,theoldergroupmatchedtheyoungergroupinspeedandaccuracy.Itisdifficulttomeasuretheproductivitylostbymultitaskers.Butitisprobablyalot.JonathanSpira,chiefanalystatBasex,abusiness-researchfirm,estimatesthecostofinterruptionstotheAmericaneconomyatnearly＄650billionayear.{{U}}(50){{/U}}Thesurveysconcludethat28percentoftheworkers'timewasspentoninterruptionsandrecoverytimebeforetheyreturnedtotheirmaintasks.A.Talkingonacellphonewhiledrivingbringsyoujoyanyway.B.Theestimateisbasedonsurveyswithofficeworkers.C.Theyoungergroupdid10percentbetterwhennotinterrupted.D.However,anOxfordUniversityresearchsuggeststhisperceptionisopentoquestion.E.Scientistssaythatourmultitasking(多任务处理)abilitiesarelimited.F.Andyou'llbefined$100ifyoudosoonaNewYorkcitystreet.

填空题下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。{{B}}CanadaIkea:WhataGreatPlaceforYoutoShop{{/B}}Therearemanydifferentstoresthatpeoplegotoinordertobuyvarioushouseholdgoods.{{U}}(46){{/U}}TheCanadaIkeaisnotconfinedtoonecityaloneinthatcountry.InsteadYouwillfindtherearemanydifferentbranchesspreadoutinmanydifferentlocalities.AswithalloftheIkeastorestheCanadaIkeadealsmainlywithsellingtopqualitySwedishfurniture.{{U}}(47){{/U}}Onefacet(方面)oftheCanadaIkeathatitscustomerswilllikeisthatthestorehastheabilityofcatering(迎合)totheirEnglishspeakingcustomersaswellastheirFrenchcustomers.TomakeshoppingforfurnitureandothergoodseasytheIkeastoresineverycountryareallsetoutinthesamemanner.{{U}}(48){{/U}}AsaresultofthistheCanadaIkeaisonethatitslocalandforeigncustomersenjoyvisiting.Tohelpmakeiteasyforyoutoshopfortheitemsthatyouwanttherearelargeblueandyellowbagsorshoppingcartsavailable.{{U}}(49){{/U}}Asyouwanderthroughthestoreyouwillfindmanyinterestingitemsthatyoucanuseforyourhomeorevenoffice.Withtheseproductsyouwillhaveabeautifulhousethatyoucanlivecomfortablyin.{{U}}(50){{/U}}TheCanadaIkeaisagreatplaceforyoutoshop.AThisfurnitureisdesignedtoprovidethehomeownerwithstylish(时髦的)furniturethatisalsoaffordableandperfectforeverydayuse.BWithsomanyitemstobefoundyouaresuretowanttobuyeverythingthatcatchesyourfancy.CThesebagsandcartsareperfectforthemanydifferentlampshades,cushions(垫子),bedlinens(亚麻布),toysandothermediumtosmallsizedobjectsthatyouwant.DThismakesitveryeasyforvisitorsfromothercountriestobuytheitemstheyneedwithoutwanderingaroundthestoretryingtofindtheirgoods.EOnesuchstorethatyoucanfindinmanydifferentcountriesincludingthatofCanadaisthatoftheIkea(宜家)chainofstores.FThelarger,sizedobjectsaredisplayedintheshowroomsoftheCanadaIkeasteres.

填空题How One Simple Movement Can Let Slip the Secrets of the Mind Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 per cent of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7 per cent. So, while your mouth is closed, just what is your body saying... Arms. (46) If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. (47) If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy! Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. (48) Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still! Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. (49) This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable. Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don't wish to show. (50) A If you are feeling downs, you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.B If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this.C Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies.D How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you-meet.E However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased.F However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side.

填空题Priscilla Ouchida's "energy-efficient" house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a ＄ 100 000 three-bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-parted (双层玻璃的) windows and several other energy-saving features (46) . Priscilla's eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. (47) . (48) . The level of formaldehyde(甲醛)gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting. The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation's drive to save energy. (49) . "The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along," says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. "Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases." The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn't worry much about unsealed cracks. (50) . As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom built up to dangerous levels.A. The problem itself isn't new.B. Experts finally traced the cause of her illness.C. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however.D. They spent a lot of money on decorating the house.E. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor about once an hour.F. It was as tough she had suddenly developed a strange illness.

填空题 Lung Cancer The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air (smoke particles, smog, exhaust fumes), and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}Among heavy smokers—21 to 30 cigarettes per day—the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect. Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained. Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years of age, that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked, cutting off the supply of air to that lung. The lung then collapses, and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected, with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, before secondary growths have had time to form, is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy. Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths. A. A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma, so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus. B. Lung cancer, also known as carcinoma of the lung or pulmonary carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. C. Too often, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer. D. Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. E. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. F. There are many possible causes, but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.

填空题Traffic accidents fell greatly in Maryland after they introduced ______.