单选题Universities usually give diplomas or certificates to students who complete course requirements a{{U}}dequately{{/U}}.

单选题Fermi Problem On a Monday morning in July, the world's first atom bomb exploded in the New Mexico desert. Forty seconds later, the shook waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American physicist Enrico Fezmi and his team stood. After a mental calculation, Fermi announced to his team that the bomb's energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed, but not surprised. Fermi's genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age. Since Fermi's death in 1954, no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist and a leading theoretician. Like all virtuosos (大师), Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct route to an answer. He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small, manageable bits talent we all can use in our daily lives. To develop this talent in his students, Fermi would suggest a type of question now known as a Fermi problem. Upon first hearing one of these, you haven't the remotest notion of the answer, and you feel certain that too little information had been given to solve it. Yet when the problem is broken into sub-problems, each answerable without the help of experts or books, you can come close to the exact solution. Suppose you want to determine Earth's circumference without looking it up. Everyone knows that New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles apart and that the time difference between them is three hours. Three hours is one-eighth of a day, and a day is the time it takes the planet to complete one rotation, so its circumference must be eight times 3000 or 24000 miles. This answer differs from the true value, 24,902.45 miles, by less than four percent. Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions. It doesn't matter whether the discovery is as important as determining the power of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between New York and Los Angeles. Looking up the answer, or letting someone else find it deprives you of the pleasure and pride that accompany creativity, and deprives you of an experience that builds up self-confide. Thus, approaching personal dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit that enriches your life.

单选题"Salty" Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University's School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants' growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.

单选题Fainting, or a temporary loss of consciousness, may be brought about by an insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain. A．inappropriate B．inadequate C．unstable D．undiluted

单选题Hold the torch steady so I can see better.A. continuousB. quickC. firmD. exceptional

单选题She wore a Ugorgeous/U Victorian gown which was said to be worth thousands of dollars.

单选题The boy is intelligent. A. clever B. naughty C. difficult D. active

单选题What did the couch represent?

单选题Besides financial and marketing challenges, you must know how_____.

单选题When Fear Takes Control of the Mind A panic attack is a sudden feeling of terror. Usually it does not last long, but it may feel like forever. The cause can be something as normally uneventful as driving over a bridge or flying in an airplane. And it can happen even if the person has driven over many bridges or flown many times before. A fast heartbeat. Sweaty hands. Difficulty breathing. A light-headed feeling. At first a person may have no idea what is wrong. But these can all be signs of what is known as panic disorder. The first appearance usually is between the ages of 18 and 25. In some cases it develops after a tragedy, like the death of a loved one, or some other difficult situation. In the United States, the National Institute of Mental Health says more than two million people are affected in any one-year period. The American Psychological Association says panic disorder is two times more likely in women than men. And it can last anywhere from a few months to a lifetime. Panic attacks can be dangerous—for example, if a person is driving at the time. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge in the state of Maryland is so long and so high over the water, it is famous for searing motorists. There is even a driver assistance program to help people get across. Some people who suffer a panic attack develop a phobia, a deep fear of ever repeating the activity that brought on the attack. But experts say panic disorder can be treated. Doctors might suggest anti-anxiety or antidepressant medicines. Talking to a counselor could help a person learn to deal with or avoid a panic attack. There are breathing methods, for example, that might help a person calm down. Panic disorder is included among what mental health professionals call anxiety disorders. A study published last week reported a link between anxiety disorders and several physical diseases. It says these include thyroid disease, lung and stomach problems, arthritis, migraine headaches and allergic conditions. Researchers at the University of Manitoba in Canada say that in most cases the physical condition follows the anxiety disorder. But, they say, exactly how the two are connected remains unknown. The report in the Archives of Internal Medicine came from a German health study of more than 4,000 adults.

单选题请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　{{B}}Gun Rights in the US{{/B}} Immediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn (致哀) the dead. The president and the state governor both hurried there to share the {{U}}(51) {{/U}}. But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to {{U}} (52) {{/U}}weapons. Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country {{U}}(53) {{/U}} gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the {{U}}(54) {{/U}} countries that seem unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it. In countries like Britain and Canada, the government adopted stricter {{U}}(55) {{/U}} control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held {{U}}(56) {{/U}}by the gun lobby (院外活动集团) and the electoral (选举) system. The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun {{U}}(57) {{/U}}in the US, is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun control anyway. {{U}}(58) {{/U}}the years, the Democrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power, not {{U}}(59) {{/U}} ;they prefer power. According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm (火器) incidents accounted {{U}}(60) {{/U}} nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So, although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many don't want to give up their arms they {{U}}(61) {{/U}}to protect themselves. Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said, "If one professor in the Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon, they might have been able to {{U}}(62) {{/U}}ai1 this." In his opinion, the massacre (大屠杀) is an argument for more people to carry weapons, not fewer. But at the root of Americans' clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of {{U}}(63) {{/U}} ,commented UK's Guardian newspaper. One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry a concealed (隐藏的) firearm, told the Guardian that it was {{U}}(64) {{/U}} American's responsibility to have a gun. "Each person," he said, "should not rely solely {{U}}(65) {{/U}} the government for protection."

单选题Moreover, even with the federal stimulus money, school districts will still get the bulk of their funding from state and local coffers(资金) ,which haven't been this low in decades. As Randall Moody, manager of federal advocacy(支持，拥护) for the National Education Association, says, When you have 40 states with serious budget issues and that's where schools get the bulk of their money, naturally there's going to be a problem. School districts will get most of their funding fromA. the federal stimulus money.B. loans from banks.C. state and local governments.D. from the National Education Association.

单选题A Country's Standard of Living The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services the country produces. A country's standard of living, (51) , depends first and (52) on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money (53) on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and "entertainment". A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of (54) have an effect on one another. Wealth depends (55) a great extent upon a country's natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them. Next to natural resources (56) the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well-off (57) the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and (58) this and other reasons was (59) to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and (60) from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well favoured by nature but less well ordered. A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed (61) its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade. (62) , Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on (63) grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would (64) be lacking. A country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, (65) that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} Kobe Bryant After 10 seasons wearing the No. 8 on his back, Kobe Bryant will become No. 24 next season. The reason for the surprising decision by the Los Angeles Lakers super guard last week has become a hot topic for debate. Bryant wore No. 24 when he was in early high school, but he changed to No. 33 in his senior year. He switched to No. $ when he was selected by the Lakers in 1996, and has not been changed since. Bryant has refused to explain the decision until the end of the play-offs(季后赛). So guessing Bryant's motive has become a popular game among NBA fans and newspaper columnists (专栏作家). There are all kinds of speculations. Many say that Bryant wants to leave the past behind and have a fresh start. He has often been criticized for playing to benefit himself and not the team as a whole. Others say that he may be trying to compare himself to Michael Jordan. Jordan was famous for his No. 23 jersey(运动衫). Some, such as NBC Sport columnist Michael Venter, argue that it is "all about money". Bryant will make more money by selling New Jerseys to his fans. Some speculations are more about fun. For example, there is an opinion that Kobe is actually just a diehard(非常执著的) fan of the popular TV drama "24". All this talk has turned the number change into a major issue. It seems that there is a lot of fuss (大惊小怪) over something that should be pretty simple. Jersey numbers have their own special significance in American sports, especially basketball. Players choose their number when they join a team and they usually stick with that number for the rest of their career. When a great player retires, his team will honor him by retiring his number. TO Some extent, the jersey is the player, and the player is the jersey. Thus, when you see the famous No. 23 for the Chicago Bulls, you immediately think about Michael Jordan. A No. 32 Miami Heats jersey recalls the image of Shaquille O'Neal, and the Houston Rockets' No. 11 belongs only to Yao Ming. Lots of stories are behind players' jersey number selections. Jordan said that he chose No. 23 because it was roughly half of 45. Jordan's elder brother wore the No. 45 in college. Yao Ming once revealed that the No. 11 stands for two people in love-meaning him and his girlfriend Ye Li.

单选题While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping {{U}}once in a while{{/U}} to give her long and flowing hair a smooth. A. occasionally B. simultaneously C. eventually D. promptly

单选题Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking? Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England. there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning(扫描)equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.

单选题Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Before 1933, and particularly during the period 1929—1933, bank failures were not uncommon. 1 a bank overextended itself in creating credit or if several of its important loans could not be 2 , depositors in the bank would frequently become panicky and begin to make large withdrawals. 3 the bank had only a small number of its deposits backed by currency, the bank would soon be unable to meet withdrawals, and most depositors 4 their money. Most frequently a bank merely needed time to improve its cash position by 5 some of its loans and not making additional ones. In 1933, the number of bank failures 6 a peak, forcing the federal government to intervene and 7 the banks temporarily. To help restore the public"s confidence 8 banks and strengthen the banking community, Congress passed legislation setting up the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. 9 corporation, an agency of the federal government, now insures over 90 percent of all mutual savings and commercial bank deposits for 10 $100,000 per deposit. The FDIC has 11 its insurance fund by charging member institutions one-twelfth of 1 percent of their total deposits. As a result of the protection provided by the FDIC and through other kinds of supervision, bank failures have been 12 to a few isolated instances. When deposits are federally insured, people 13 rush to withdraw their money if they 14 the financial condition of their bank. The delay gives the banks the necessary time to adjust their cash credit balance, and this action helps to reduce the 15 of bankruptcy.

单选题The explosion scattered a flock of birds roosting in the trees.

单选题If I made a mistake, I will try to {{U}}remedy{{/U}} it.

单选题Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously.