单选题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 {{B}} Consumer Goods{{/B}} Consumer products are goods and services destined for the final consumer for personal, family, or household use. Consumer goods were first classified about 65 years ago by Melvin T. Copeland. His three-category system of convenience, shopping and specialty goods is widely employed today. The system is based on shoppers awareness of alternative products and their characteristics prior to the shopping trip and the degree of search shoppers will undertake. It is important to recognize that placing a product into one of these categories depends on the shopper’s behavior. Convenience goods are those purchased with a minimum of effort, because the buyer has knowledge of product characteristics prior to shopping. The consumer does not want to search for additional information (because the item has been bought before) and will accept a substitute rather than have to frequent more than one store. Convenience goods can be subdivided into staples, impulse goods, and emergency goods. Staples are low-priced items that are routinely purchased on a regular basis, such as detergent, milk, and cereal. Impulse goods are items that the consumer does not plan to buy on a specific trip to a store, such as candy, a magazine, and ice cream. Emergency goods are items purchased out of urgent need, such as an umbrella during a rainstorm a tire to replace a flat, or aspirin for a headache. Shopping goods are those for which consumers lack sufficient information about product alternatives and their attributes, and therefore must acquire further knowledge in order to make a purchase decision. For attribute-based shopping goods, consumers get information about and then evaluate product features, warranty, performance, options, and other factors. The good with the best combination of attributes is purchased. Sony electronics and Calvin Klein clothes are marketed as attribute-based shopping goods. For price-based shopping goods, consumers judge product attributes to be similar and look around for the least expensive item/store. Consumers will exert effort in searching for information, because shopping goods are bought infrequently. Goldstar electronics and store-brand clothes are marketed as price-based shopping goods. Specialty goods are those to which consumers are brand loyal. They are fully aware of these products and their attributes prior to making a purchase decision. They are willing to make a significant purchase effort to acquire the brand desired and will pay a higher price than competitive products, if necessary. For specialty goods, consumers will not make purchases if their brand is not available. Substitutes are not acceptable.

单选题Wealth, Only Belonging to One Generation The rich have traditionally passed their wealth on to their children. But an increasing number of billionaires are choosing not to. The reason? They want their children to live on themselves and not to turn into spoiled successors. Nicola Horlick or "supermum", a famous British billionaire, owing to the fact that she has high-flying jobs and five kids, has spent her career making a reported 250m pounds. She now seems determined to throw off large parts of it. She already gives away about 25% of her income each year; she has just revealed, in a report on the state of charity in the city, that she will not be leaving most of the remainder to her children. "I think it is wrong to give too much inherited wealth to children," Horlick told the report's authors. "I will not be leaving all my wealth to my children because that would just ruin their lives." She is by no means the first to go public with this conviction. Bill Gates has put an estimated $30billion into the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This was supplemented, in 2009, by another $24bn or so from his friend Warren Buffett. Buffett has always been colorful, quotably clear on where he stands. His daughter often tells a story of finding herself without change for a car parking ticket-her father lent her $20, then promptly made her write him a check. "To suggest that the children of the wealthy should be just as wealthy," he has said, "is like saying the members of America's 2004 Olympic team should be made up only of the children of the 1980 Olympic team." Anita Roddick, the late founder of the Body Shop, told her kids that they would not inherit one penny. The money that she made from the company would go into the Body Shop Foundation, which isn't one of those awful tax shelters, like some in America. It just functions to take the money and give it away.

单选题He is said to be suffering from Uterminal/U cancer and has asked for euthanasia (安乐死).

单选题Education and Influence The most thoroughly studied in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was "so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits". According to many books and articles, New England"s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life. To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans" theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity. The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: "Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people." One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches. Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane"s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. "Our main end was to catch fish."

单选题Which of the following pieces of equipment is NOT mentioned as part of the robot according to the passages?

单选题Customers are well {{U}}waited on{{/U}} in this big department store.

单选题In 1845 Sarah Mather invented a submarine telescope that could be used to {{U}}locate{{/U}} and study underwater objects.

单选题Late-Night Drinking Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick "pick-me-up" cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep. Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am. before falling again. "It's the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake," says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone. Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off twice as long as usual and jigged around in bed twice as much. In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production. Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.

单选题The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．

单选题Right now, the climate scientists feel that if all humans shut off carbon emissions today, it will still glide up by about 1 degree centigrade: In the business, as-usual scenarios, Nicholas Stem says there's a 50 percent chance we may go to 5 degrees centigrade. We know what the Earth was like 5 or 6 degrees centigrade colder. That was called the Ice Ages. Imagine a world 5 degrees warmer. The desert lines would be dramatically changed. The West is projected to be in drought conditions. And certain tipping points might be triggered. We can adapt to 1 or 2 degrees. More than that, there is no adaptation strategy. What would happen if the temperature went five degrees up?A. We would return to the Ice Ages.B. There would be more humid areas.C. The climate would be ary in the West.D. We would adapt to the new climate well.

单选题The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.

单选题Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A. politeB. usualC. badD. similar

单选题She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart.

单选题I hope you have left none of your belongings in the hotel. A. documents B. possessions C. children D. clothes

单选题It"s impolite to cut in when two person are holding a conversation.

单选题 Unpopular Subjects? Is there a place in today's society for the study of useless subjects in our universities? Just over 100 years ago Fitzgerald argued in a well-written letter {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}Nature that "Universities must be allowed to study useless subjects—{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}they don't, who will? He went on to use the {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}of Maxwell's electrodynamics (电动力学) as one case where a "useless subject" has been transformed to a useful subject. Nowadays this argument is again very much {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}in many universities. Indeed one suspects that it is one of those arguments that must be {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}anew (重新) by each generation. But now there is an added twist subjects must not only be useful, they must also be {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}enough that students will flock (蜂拥) to do them, and even flock to pay to do them. As universities become commercial operations, the pressure to {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}subjects or departments that are less popular will become stronger and stronger. Perhaps this is most strongly {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}at the moment by physics. There has been much {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}in the press of universities that are closing down physics departments and incorporate them with mathematics or engineering departments. Many scientists think otherwise. They see physics as a {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}science, which must be kept alive if only to {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}a base for other sciences and engineering. It is of their great personal concern that physics teaching and research is under {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}in many universities. How Can it be preserved in the rush towards commercial competition? A major turnaround (转变) in student popularity may have to {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}until the industrial world discovers that it needs physicists and starts paying them well. Physics is now not only unpopular; it is also "hard". We can do more about the latter by {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}teaching in our schools and universities. We can also {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}cooperative arrangements to ensure that physicists keep their research and teaching up to date.

单选题Didn't you know that the naughty girl used to skip classes?

单选题Credit Card Only Works When Spoken To A credit card that will not work unless it hears its owner"s voice could become an important weapon in the fight against fraud (欺骗), The card requires users to give a spoken password that it recognizes using a built-in voice-recognition chip. The idea is to prevent thieves using a stolen card or fraudsters using someone else"s credit card details to buy goods online. A model built by engineers at Beepcard in Santa Monica, California, represents the first attempt to pack a microphone, a loudspeaker, a battery and a voice-recognition chip into a standard-sized credit card. They are not quite there yet: the card is the length and width of an ordinary credit card, but it is still about three times as thick. The company now plans to make it thinner. The voice card is based on an earlier Beepcard technology designed to prevent fraud in online transactions. This earlier card has no microphone, but has a built-in loudspeaker that it uses to "squawk" (发出叫声) a voice ID signal via a computer"s microphone to an online server By verifying (证实) that the signal matches the card details, the server can establish that the user is not simply keying in a credit card number but actually has the card to hand. The ID code changes each time the card is used in a pre-ordered sequence that only the server knows. This prevents fraudsters recording the beeps, noting the card details and then playing back the audible ID when they key in the details later. But this earlier technology cannot prevent fraudulent use of stolen cards. The new one can. The new voice card also identifies itself by its ID squawk, but it will not do this until it has verified the legitimate (合法的) user"s spoken password. Thieves will be unable to use the card because even if they knew the password they would have to be able to copy the owner"s voice with a high degree of accuracy. The challenge for Beepcard has been to develop voice-recognition and audio circuitry that can be powered by a mini battery embedded (嵌入的) in a credit card. To maximize battery life, the electronics are only switched on when the card is being used. Pressing a button on the card"s surface prompts it to utter "say your password" in female voice. If the voice-recognition software proves that the password is authentic (真实的), it sends its ID squawk which the server then identifies, allowing the transaction to proceed.

单选题Marvelous Metamaterials Invisibility cloaks would have remained impossible, forever locked in science fiction, had it not been for the development of metamaterials. In Greek, "meta" means beyond, and metamaterials can do things beyond what we see in the natural world-like shuffle light waves around an object, and then bring them back together. If scientists ever manage to build a full-fledged invisibility cloak, it will probably be made of metamaterials. "We are creating materials that don"t exist in nature, and that have a physical phenomenon that doesn"t exist in nature," says engineer Dentcho Genov. "That is the most exciting thing." Genov designs and builds metamaterials—such as those used in cloaking—at Louisiana Tech University in Ruston, Louisiana. An invisibility cloak will probably not be the first major accomplishment to come from the field of metamaterials. Other applications are just as exciting. In many labs, for example, scientists are working on building a hyperlens. A lens is a device—usually made of glass—that can change the direction of light waves. Lenses are used in microscopes and cameras to focus light, thus allowing a researcher to see small things or a photographer to capture image of things that are far away. A hyperlens, however, would be made of metamaterials. And since metamaterials can do things with light that ordinary materials can"t, the hyperlens would be a powerful tool. A hyperlens would allow researchers to see things at the smallest scale imaginable as small as the wavelength of visible light. Genov points out that the science of metamaterials is driven by the imagination: If someone can think of an idea for a new behavior for light, then the engineers can find a way to design a device using metamaterials. "We need people who can imagine," he says. Since 2006, many laboratories have been exploring other kinds of metamaterials that don"t involve just visible light. In fact, scientists are finding that almost any kind of wave may respond to metamaterials. At the Polytechnic University of Valencia in Spain, Jose Sanchez-Dehesa is working with acoustics, or the science of sound. Just as an invisibility cloak shuffles waves of light, an "acoustic" cloak would shuffle waves of sound in a way that"s not found in nature. In an orchestra hall, for example, an acoustic cloak could redirect the sound wavesso someone sitting behind a column would hear the same concert as the rest of the audience, without distortion. Sanchez-Dehesa, an engineer, recently showed that it"s possible to build such an acoustic cloak, though he doubts we"ll see one any time soon. "In principle, it is possible," he says, but it might be impossible to make one, he adds. Other scientists are looking into ways to use larger metamaterials as shields around islands or oil rigs as protection from tsunamis. A tsunami is a giant, destructive wave. The metamaterial would redirect the tsunami around the rig or island, and the wave would resume its journey on the other side without causing any harm.

单选题Henry cannot resist the{{U}} lure{{/U}} of drugs