填空题1. Too Dangerous for College On Tuesday, the Associated Press reported that beer maker Anheuser-Busch has scaled back a promotion called" Fan Cans" in which the company targeted college students by painting cans of Bud Light in school colors. (46) In response, the company agreed to stop selling the special-edition cans where colleges objected. A number of colleges had complained about the campaign, on the grounds that, among other things, it sends the wrong message about drinking. "We think it's an ill-conceived and inappropriate campaign that runs counter to our collective efforts to combat underage drinking," a spokesman for Boston College told the Associated Press. On its face, restricting the ability of beer makers to target college students directly seems like a fine idea. After all, the logic seems to go, these people are old enough to be away from home, but not quite old enough to make responsible decisions. (47) I fwe're going to treat college kids like kids, then beer isn't the only product that ought to have its marketing wings clipped by those who know what's best. Actually there is a list of products that gel marketed to college students every day all across the country, such as cigarettes. Last year, the American Lung Association reported that after 1998, when the tobacco industry signed an agreement with 46 states that restricted tobacco advertising, the industry began targeting college students by spending more money on promotions in bars and nightclubs where those students spend time. (48) Moreover, those promotions seem to work. (49) Should society be concerned about Big Tobacco targeting college kids? You bet: according to the ALA, fully half of occasional college smokers were still smoking four years later. Smoking is arguably as dangerous to students'well-being as alcohol. (50) If we're going to be paternalistic(家长式作风的), let's at least be consistent.A. But if college students area't quick-witted(机敏的) enough to see past colored beer cans. can we really trust them to navigate the slick (狡猾的) marketing campaigns of other dangerous products?B. Yet all of them are marketed at college students.C. Anheuser-Busch got a push front the Federal Trade Commission, which was" concerned that cans will be marketed to fans under the legal age of 21. "D. It is more dangerous for college students nowadays than previous years.E. According to a 2004 paper by researchers at Harvard, students who were exposed to those promotions were more likely to smoke than those who didn't.F. In a 2000-01 survey, students at 115 of the 119 schools studied said they saw tobacco promotions at a bar or nightclu

填空题Financial Risks Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk. 1 They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. 2 Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. 3 The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost. Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. 4 Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk, so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in particular market. Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. 5 International Business Machine Corportaion, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. Before rates were permitted to float, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs. A. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. B. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. C. Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. D. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. E. Floating exchange rates of the world"s major currencies have forced all marketers to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning. F. Many international marketers go bankrupt each year because of exchange-rate fluctuation.

填空题Fish Ears Tell Fish Tales Fish have ears. Really. They"re quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examining fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths (耳石). Eager to learn about his technology, fish scientists are now lending Thorrold their ears. As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate (碳酸钙). By looking through a microscope (显微镜) and counting these rings, Thorrold can determine the exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths no longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish"s age, just like the growth rings of a tree. Ring counting is nothing new to fish scientists, but Thorrold has turned to a new direction. They"re examining the chemical elements (元素) of each otolith ring. The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the water that the fish was in. It also says something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within each otolith ring. Thorrold can tell, for example, if a fish spent time in the open ocean before entering the less salty water of coastal areas. He can basically tell where fish are spending their time at any given stage of history. In the case of the Atlantic croaker (石首鱼), a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have successfully followed the travelling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many hundreds of miles. This is important to managers in the fish industry, who know nearly nothing about the whereabouts of the young fish for most food fish in the ocean.

填空题Ha! The Science of When We Laugh and Why It"s certainly possible to over-analyze a joke. 1 Considering the abundant research on the topic, maybe not. Scott Weems, a neuroscientist, takes readers on a wide-ranging tour that explains what humor is and why readers should care. 2 Humor improves interpersonal relationships, and studies show that simply watching a funny movie can lower stress, improve immune system response and even help viewers better solve problems. The complexity of the human brain makes humor possible, Weems argues, and it also helps explain how some people can find a joke hilarious while others deem it grossly offensive. Humor takes many forms—as many as 44 by one researcher"s count—but shares certain traits and themes. From puns and riddles to slapstick (打闹剧), humor is inherently subversive, Weems says, often treating serious subjects with frivolity (轻浮) or even rudeness. 3 Ha! Isn"t a self-help guide to being funny, though a careful reader can find useful nuggets (块金) throughout? 4 Surprise helps, too, whether it"s the incongruity (不协调) of an elephant hiding in a cherry tree or the absolute improbability of Raquel Welch and the pope ending up in the same lifeboat. The final chapter divulges (透露) Weems"s semi-successful attempt at stand-up comedy. He got a few laughs, he says, but not where he expected them. 5 The joke that got Weems the most laughs, and judged by one website"s readers as the best in the world, is a story that he had practiced many dozens, maybe hundreds, of times. A. Prisoners of war and others in dire situations, for instance, often turn to dark humor. B. It turns out that humor influences health and social well-being in many ways. C. The funniest jokes carry a little edginess (急躁), but not too much. D. But can the same be said for humor as a whole? E. Maybe practice does make perfect. F. Laughter is the bridge between dreams and reason, and every good bridge needs abutments.

填空题Little Lady Starts Big War Harriet Beecher Stowe had poured her heart into her anti-slavery (反对奴隶制度) book Uncle Tom"s Cabin. 1 The publisher was so doubtful that he wanted her to spirit the publishing costs with him, and all she hoped was that it would make enough money for her to buy a new silk dress. But when the first 5,000 copies were printed in 1852, they sold out in two days. In a year the book had sold 300,000 copies in the United States and 150,000 in England. 2 Within six months of its release, a play was made from the book which ran 350 performances in New York and remained America"s most popular play for 80 years. It might appear that Uncle Tom"s Cabins was universally popular, but this was certainly not true, Many people during those pre-Civil War days"—particularly defenders of the slavery system—condemned it as false propaganda(宣传) and poorly written melodrama(传奇剧作品). Harriet did have strong religious views against slavery (When asked how she came to write the book, she replied: "God wrote it."), and she tried to convince people slavery was wrong, so perhaps the book could be considered propaganda. 3 Though she was born in Connecticut in 1832, as a young woman she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, when her father accepted the presidency(任期) of newly founded Lane Theological Seminary(神学院). Ohio was a free state, but just across the Ohio River in Kentucky, Harriet saw slavery in action. She lived 8 years in Cincinnati, marrying Calvin Stowe, professor of a college. 4 In 1851, Harriet Beecher stowe began her book. Its vast influence strengthened the anti-slavery movement and angered defenders of the slave system. 5 Today some historians(历史学家) think that it helped bring on the American Civil War. In fact, when Abraham Lincoln met Harriet at the White House during the Civil War, he said, "So, this is the little lady who started this big war." A. She had read a lot about the slavery system. B. Its vast influence strengthened the anti-slavery movement and angered defenders of the slave system. C. But if so, it was true propaganda, because it accurately described the evils of slavery. D. For a while it outsold every book in the world, except the Bible. E. But neither she nor her first publisher thought it would be a big success. F. In 1851, Harriet Beecher Stowe began her book.

填空题Why Do People Shrink? Did you ever see the movie Honey, I Shrunk the Kids ? It"s about a wacky dad (who"s also a scientist) who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops! 1 For older people, shrinking isn"t that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only an inch or so off of their adult height (maybe a little more, maybe less). And this kind of shrinking can"t be magically reversed, although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. 2 There are a few reasons. As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) takes hold, and the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, may break down or degenerate, and start to collapse into one another. 3 But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. 4 Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people—especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with—are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit. Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act, too? You aren"t as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That"s because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don"t worry, though. 5 A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter. B. Once you get a good night"s rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you"re standing tall again! C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it"s not being replaced. D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking. E. The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size. F. But why does shrinking happen at all?

填空题下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Semco At 21，Ricardo Semler became boss of his father's business in Brazil，Semco，which sold parts for ships．Semler Junior worked like a madman，from 7:30 a.m.，until midnight every day．One afternoon， while touring a factory in New York，he collapsed．The doctor who treated him said，“There's nothing wrong with you．But if you continue like this．you'll find a new home in our hospital．”Semler got the message．He changed the way he worked．In fact，he changed the way his employees worked too． He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong．He allowed them to set their own salaries，and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary，like receptionists and secretaries．{{U}} (46) {{/U}}“Everyone at Semco．even top managers，meets guests in reception，does the photocopying，sends faxes，types letters and dials the phone．” He completely reorganized the office：instead of walls，they have plants at Semco，so bosses can't shut themselves away from everyone else．{{U}} (47) {{/U}}As for uniforms，some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts． Semler says，“We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour．He doesn't even pretend to be busy．But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails and millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea，Rubin springs into action． {{U}}(48) {{/U}}That's when he earns his salary．No one cares if he doesn't look busy the rest of the time．” Semco has flexible working hours；the employees decide when they need to arrive at work．The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year．{{U}} (49) {{/U}} It sounds perfect，but does it work?The answer is in the numbers：in the last six years，Semco's revenues have gone from $35 million to $212 million．The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3,000．Why? Semler says it's because of“peer pressure”．Peer pressure makes everyone work hard for everyone else．{{U}} (50) {{/U}}In other words，Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults．And they do． A．Also，Semco lets its workers use the company's machines for their own projects，and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year． B．Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work． C．This saved money and brought more equality to the company． D．And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want． E．He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them． F．If someone isn't doing his job well，the other workers will not allow the situation to continue．

填空题 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Natural Gas 1．Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel(矿物燃 料)，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago．The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷)． 2．The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基础设)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas service is available in all 50 states in the U．S．，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries． More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity．In addition to heating homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products， from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and furnishings．Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants． 3．Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available．It emits(发出)less pollution than other fossil fuel sources．When natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans breathe．Compared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all． 4．The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025． 5．There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades Today，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain． A．Clean fuel of choice B．Natural gas prices C．Natural gas consumption D．Popularity and use of natural gas E．Disadvantages of natural gas F．Natural gas reserves and supply

填空题A. to avoid psychological techniques. B. to break recordsC. to better understand the athlete's body and mindD. to time and spaceE. to be replacing the sporting challengeF. to human performance

填空题The Magic of Sound Music is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function: it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinary musical instrument can be so powerful? Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit, even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet. (46) The noise from a plane's engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels. (47) It has been proven that people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves. In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can't hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000 Hz is called ultrasonic. (48) It does no harm to health. Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate. (49) As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people's internal organs, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, people's vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low, it won't damage internal organs or a person's health. (50) When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea6, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.A. High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.B. The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves.C. We cannot play high-pitched music with ordinary musical instruments.D. If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful.E. Dolphins, whales and bats can make such high-frequency sound.F. Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your health.

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Agitated Sunspot Cause Trouble{{/B}} If the lights in your house keen flickering, blame frequent sunspots. A sunspot is actually charged particles flying at the speed 6f 3 million kilometers an hour out of the surface of the sun to form sun storms.{{U}} (1) {{/U}}. The earth, which is directly energized by the sun, is influenced by sun storms in a number of ways.{{U}} (2) {{/U}}Wireless short-wave communication, which depends on the wave's reflection against this layer of atmosphere, is likely to be jammed. It is said that mobile phone communication may be affected too.{{U}} (3) {{/U}}According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to 1960, the frequency of earthquakes can be linked to the movement of the sunspots. Though little research has been carried out about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health of the people, a paper published by a North Korea observatory says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart disease and skin disease.{{U}} (4) {{/U}} Besides, the nervous system is also affected, and traffic accidents are more frequent when sunspots are active. It is hard to say when the sunspots are most violent during their active year, but generally one active period is believed to last possibly eight days. Not long ago there were two violent sun storms breaking out, which seriously affected mobile phone communication, etc. in many parts of the world.{{U}} (5) {{/U}} A. Ionosphere is high above the earth. B. One is that the magnetic filed of the earth is much disturbed because of the sun's interference in the ionosphere which is 80 to 500 kilometers above the earth. C. Scientists also say that the active movement of the charged sun storm also has effects on earthquakes. D. Every 11 years, the sun, as its energy accumulate inside up to a certain point, will send out streams of charged particles, which affect the earth in different ways. E. But the communication situation in each case returned to normal in about 24 hours. F. So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their exposed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasses from the strong sunlight rich.in ultraviolet rays.

填空题______ If the dentist says, "This will hurt a little," it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation(感觉), we can handle the pain without failing apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.A. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.B. The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it.C. However, many of us cannot stand pain.D. Look at the Indian fakir (行僧) who sits on a bed of nails.E. We demand the "needle"-a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因, 一种局部麻醉剂)-that deadens the nerves around the tooth.F. But we pay for our sensitivity.

填空题Using weather satellites can ensure ______ of hurricanes.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2，3，5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Robots{{/B}}1 The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese-robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.6 The reliability of robots is measured in their MT. BF. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Earthquake{{/B}} 1. Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from land-slides or major fires which are initiated by the quake. 2. There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0. 3. The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth’s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift. 4. In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working an ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. 5. Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviours of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.

填空题Tlaste Taste is such a subjective matter that we don't usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone's preference is that it's one person's opinion. (46) We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca. Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting. We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for Coca-Cola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi. (47) We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions fur the other. (48) Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, tot people who believed they count recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. (49) While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, halt' the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. (50) A. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants' choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.B. There are many Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola fans around the world.C. These were people who thought they'd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.D. But because the two big cola companies-Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively(攻势地), we've wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty.E. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 to 27 identified all four samples correctly.F. Our preference test result suggests that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and pric

填空题Representatives of Callahan Media Associates (CMA) announced today that the news agency would attempt to buy the National Broadcasting System (NBS), the second largest television and radio network in the United States. Ronald Callahan, son of Jessica Callahan, who started CMA, told reporters that he expects his company's offering price to be high enough to win out over other offers. ______A. Her success in raising the news reporting standards as well as making the Herald into a profitable business gained Callahan the attention and respect of the British news establishment.B. Philip agreed that Callahan and CMA had done a lot to help American newspapers become more financially secttre, but he expressed fears that the new management was going to make news coverage on NBS irresponsible.C. He indicated that NBS executives had already discussed reorganization plans that might result from a CMA takeover.D. Callahan had never visited the United States before she came to Miami and became the publisher of the Miami Journal almost eight years ago, but she had been reading the newspaper for several years, and she said that she liked the paper's style.E. A native of the United Kingdom, Jessica Callahan began to buy newspapers, magazines, and radio stations in the United States eight years ago.F. But by the time she was 35, she had become a publisher and started CMA, which is now one of the largest media organizations in the worl

填空题A. Cloud-to-ground lightning occurring in the U. S.B. Types of lightningC. Cause of lighruingD. Differences between thunder and thunderstormE. Frequencies of thunderstorms occurring in the world and the U. S.F. Shockwaves as thunder

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、4、5、6段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 The Fridge 1 The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator. " 2 In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. 3 The invention of the fridge Contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed—natural cooling, drying, smoking, slating, sugaring, bottling... 4 What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. 5 Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expanse, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house—while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. 6 The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least you'll get ride of that terrible hum. A. The invention of the fridge B. The pollution caused by fridges C. The widespread need for fridge D. The days without the fridge E. The waste of energy caused by fridges F. The fridge's contribution to commerce

填空题Robots 1．The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. 2．Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray- painting and assembling components. 3．In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. 4．It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. 5．It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. 6．The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample. 7．The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.