填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Tests Show Women Suited for Space Travel{{/B}} Between 1977 and 1981, three groups of American women, numbering 27 in all, between the age of 35 and 65, were given month-long tests for space travel purposes.{{U}} (1) {{/U}} Those women were carefully selected from among many applicants.{{U}} (2) {{/U}}They were not allowed to smoke or drink alcohol during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each other's company at close quarters for the entire period. Among others things they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise.{{U}} (3) {{/U}}During that time they suffered backaches and other discomforts.{{U}} (4) {{/U}} Resuks of the tests suggest that wmen will have significant advantage over men in space.{{U}} (5) {{/U}}Men's advantages in terms of strength and stamina, meanwhile, are virtually wiped: out by the zero gravity condition in space. A. At the end of ten years, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed. B. They were volunteers and were paid barely above the minimum wage. C. These tests were conducted to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those abroad the space shuttle. D. They need less food and less oxygen and they stand up to radiation better. E. Some of them were over 65. F. When they were finally allowed up, the more physical active women were specially stibject to pains due to a slight calcium (钙) loss.

填空题Agitated Sunspot Cause Trouble If the lights in your house keen flickering, blame frequent sunspots. A sunspot is actually charged particles flying at the speed 6f 3 million kilometers an hour out of the surface of the sun to form sun storms. (1) . The earth, which is directly energized by the sun, is influenced by sun storms in a number of ways. (2) Wireless short-wave communication, which depends on the wave's reflection against this layer of atmosphere, is likely to be jammed. It is said that mobile phone communication may be affected too. (3) According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to 1960, the frequency of earthquakes can be linked to the movement of the sunspots. Though little research has been carried out about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health of the people, a paper published by a North Korea observatory says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart disease and skin disease. (4) Besides, the nervous system is also affected, and traffic accidents are more frequent when sunspots are active. It is hard to say when the sunspots are most violent during their active year, but generally one active period is believed to last possibly eight days. Not long ago there were two violent sun storms breaking out, which seriously affected mobile phone communication, etc. in many parts of the world. (5) A. Ionosphere is high above the earth. B. One is that the magnetic filed of the earth is much disturbed because of the sun's interference in the ionosphere which is 80 to 500 kilometers above the earth. C. Scientists also say that the active movement of the charged sun storm also has effects on earthquakes. D. Every 11 years, the sun, as its energy accumulate inside up to a certain point, will send out streams of charged particles, which affect the earth in different ways. E. But the communication situation in each case returned to normal in about 24 hours. F. So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their exposed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasses from the strong sunlight rich.in ultraviolet rays.

填空题1. The Great Wall of China Walls and wall building have played a very important role in Chinese culture. These people, from the dim mists of prehistory have been wall-conscious; from the Neolithic period(新石器时代)-when ramparts (防御土墙) of pounded earth were used-to the Communist Revolution, walls were an essential part of any village. (46) The name for "city" in Chinese (ch' eng) means wall, and over these walled cities, villages, houses and temples presides the god of walls and mounts, whose duties were, and still are, to protect and be responsible for the welfare of the inhabitants. (47) However, it is indeed a common mistake to perceive the Great Wall as a single architectural structure, and it would also be erroneous to assume that it was built during a single dynasty. For the building of the wall spanned the various dynasties, and each of these dynasties somehow contributed to the refurbishing and the construction of a wall, whose foundations had been laid many centuries ago. (48) Especially three of these states : the Ch' in, the Chao and the Yen, corresponding respectively to the modem provinces of Shensi, Shanzi and Hopei, over and above building walls that surrounded their kingdoms, also laid the foundations on which Ch' in Shih Huang Di would build his first continuous Great Wall. (49) Throughout the centuries many settlements were established along the new border. The garrison (驻军)troops were instructed to reclaim wasteland and to plant crops on it, roads and canals were built, to mention just a few of the works carried out. (50) Builders, garrisons, artisans, farmers and peasants left behind a trail of objects, including inscribed tablets, household articles, and written work, which have become extremely valuable archaeological evidence to the study of defense institutions of the Great Wall and the everyday life of these people who lived and died along the wall.A. Not only towns and villages; the houses and the temples within them were somehow walled, and the houses also had no windows overlooking the street, thus giving the feeling of wandering around a huge maze (迷宫).B. All these undertakings greatly helped to increase the country's trade and cultural exchanges with many remote areas and also with the southern, central and western parts of Asia-the formation of the Silk Route.C. Thus a great and extremely laborious task such as constructing a wall, which was supposed to run throughout the country, must not have seemed such an absurdity (谬论).D. The construction of the Great Wall is responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various places.E. It was during the fourth and third centuryB.C. that each warring state started building walls to protect their kingdoms, both against one another and against the northern nomads (游牧民).F. The role that the Great Wall played in the growth of Chinese economy was an important on

填空题Memory Test 1. "I am going to give you five techniques that will enable you to remember anything you need to know at school," promised lecturer Ian Robinson to a hundred schoolchildren. He slapped his hand down on the table. "When I"ve finished in two hours" time, your work will be far more effective and productive. Anyone not interested, leave now." The entire room sat still. 2. Robinson calls himself the Mind Magician(魔术师). He specializes in doing magic tricks that look totally impossible, and then he reveals that they involve nothing more mysterious than good old-fashioned trickery(骗术). "I have always been interested in tricks involving memory-being able to reel off(一口气说出) the order of cards in a pack, that sort of thing," he explains. 3. Robinson was already lecturing to schools on his magic techniques when it struck him that students might find memory techniques even more valuable. "It wasn"t a difficult area to move into, as the stuffs all there in books." So he summarized everything to make a two-hour lecture about five techniques. 4. "You want to learn a list of a hundred things? A thousand? No problem," says Robinson. The scandal is that every child is not taught the techniques from the beginning of their school life. The schoolchildren who were watching him thought it was brilliant. "I wish I"d been told this earlier," commented Mark, after Robinson had shown them how to construct "mental journeys". 5. Essentially, you visualize(想象) a walk down a street, or a trip round a room, and pick the points where you will put the things you want to remember-the lamppost, the fruit bowl. Then in each location you put a visual representation of your list-phrasal verbs, historical dates, whatever-making them as strange as possible. It is that simple, and it works. 6. The reaction of schools has been uniformly enthusiastic. "The pupils benefited enormously from Ian"s presentation," says Dr. Johnston, head of the school where Robinson was speaking, "Ideally we should run a regular class in memory techniques so pupils can pick it up gradually. "

填空题Ruining the Ruins Acid rain (酸雨)is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases are produced by power stations and cars. They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams. Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks. And buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone (石灰石), are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are eroded (受腐蚀) more quickly. (46) According to a report in the New Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins in Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of Mayan civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year. But those ruins are in danger of being seriously damaged by pollution. At many sites the stone has been covered with a layer of black substance. (47) . Scientists estimate that about one millimeter of stone is worn away every twelve years. (48) The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced. (49) . Mexico's current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil fields and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. (50) However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. So unless the price of oil rises, it is unlikely that Mexico will be able to afford to clean up the pollution and save its Mayan ruins from destruction. A. At others the painted surfaces inside temples are lifting and flaking off () and the stone is being eaten away. B. That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already. C. These measures would reduce the pollution, but would not stop it completely. D. The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts. E. The problem, however, is not just a European one. F. However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.

填空题Publicity Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image. Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, (46) . Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences. (47) , this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix. Publicity may be in the form of news releases (48) . Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department, as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising. Furthermore, (49) ; some can result from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised. The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function, whether within the company or an outside firm, can take care of public image problems and opportunities. Many factors impact on the public image. Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, (50) . Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events, and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.A. that have favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations departmentB. not all publicity is initiated by the firmC. usually in the form of press releases or press conferenceD. such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, and the tenor of the advertisingE. what it means to the company isF. Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public image

填空题A The prediction of the model B The influence on temperature C The effect of carbon dioxide D The import of the assumption E The import of the assumption F The serious consequences

填空题Black Holes What is a black hole? Well, it"s difficult to answer this question, since the terms we normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape—not even light, so we can"t see a black hole. A black hole exerts (施加) a strong gravitational (重力的) pull and yet it has no matter. Since the black hole is only space, we think. How can this happen? The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they "collapse" and sometimes a supernova (超新星) occurs. The collapse of a star may produce a "White Dwarf (白矮星)" of a "neutron star" —a star whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Our space and time laws don"t seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein"s relativity theory is the only one that can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable so that there is no "absolute" time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer—they are relative. Einstein"s theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary (由两部分组成的) star systems. In some binary star systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the sky. There is one star, called by its catalogue number HDE 226868, which must have a partner. This partner star, it seems, has a mass ten or twenty times greater than the sun—yet we can"t see it. Matter from HDE 226868 is being dragged towards this companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.

填空题 A．late 18th century B．equal education and employment with men C．weaker and lower in social position D．early 20th century E．her children F．the rights of voting

填空题As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. ______ I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn't win the contest again? That's the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.A. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories.B. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher.C. A revelation came last week when I asked her, "Don't you want to win again?" "No," she replied, "I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade."D. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly "guided" by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.E. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.F. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.

填空题 The IPad 1. The iPad is a tablet computer (平板电脑) designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals (期刊), movies, music, and games, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680 grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the IPad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days. 2. The iPad runs the same operating system as iPod Touch and iPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for iPhone. Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store. 3. Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display-a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus (触控笔). The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse (浏览) the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The devices is managed and synchronized (同步) by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable. 4. An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services, ipand applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts. 5. While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost Sullivan shows that iPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employees productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue.

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world-and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too-from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles had given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.2. Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20 km range, the distance conveniently accessible by horse. Heavy freight could only be carried by water or rail. The invention of the motor vehicle brought personal mobility to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area. Today 90 per cent of inland freight in the United Kingdom is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. Can it avoid being locked into congested and pollution ways of transporting people and goods?3. In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport. Adaptation to the motor car has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United States, more land is assigned to car use than to housing. Urban sprawl means that life without a car is nest to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people. Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behaviour.4. A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment found that car transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of he external social costs it entails such as congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland and natural habitats, depletion of oil resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favour of mass transit.5. Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuel efficiency of engines. But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars are preferred by customers and how they are driven. Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible.6. A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities. With small "low emission" cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable-and made more feasible by modern computers. But these are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate.

填空题Vision Human vision like that of other primates(灵长类) has evolved in an arboreal(丛林) environment. (46) In the course of evolution, members of the primate line have acquired large eyes while the nose has shrunk. (47) Of mammals(哺乳动物) only humans and some primates enjoy color vision. (48) Horses live in a single-color world. Light visible to human eyes, however, occupies only a very narrow band in the whole electromagnetic spectrum(光谱). Ultraviolet rays(紫外线) are invisible to humans though ants and honeybees are sensitive to them. (49) The world would look terribly different if human eyes were sensitive to infrared radiation(红外线). Then instead of the darkness of night, we would be able to move easily in a strange shadowless world. (50) The color sensitivity of normal human vision is rarely surpassed even by complicated technical devices.A. Humans have no direct perception of infrared rays.B. In the dense complex world of a tropical forest, it is more important to see well than to develop an acute sense of smell.C. That gives the eye a wilder view.D. The red flag is black to the bull.E. There are different mammals in tropical forest.F. In this world, objects glowed with varying degrees of intensity.

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Geology and Health{{/B}}1. The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realised within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.2. The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people.3. So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich dust topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.4. Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.5. In contrast naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.6. There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.

填空题Some Unusual Celebrations Some holidays are well-known all around the world. Among them are New Year's Eve celebrations. Also common are days in honor of love and friendship, like Valentine's Day. Each country has its own special holidays, too, often to mark important events in Its history. Schools, banks, and government offices all close on days like these. ______(46) A few of them are really very strange. Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions. Consider April Fool's Day, for example. No one knows when or why it began. Today it is celebrated in many countries--France, England, and Australia among others. On this day, people play practical jokes. ______(47) The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you? Dyngus Day in Poland seems strange, too. On this day, it is traditional for boys to pour water over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part: They do it to girls they like. Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city or town. A holiday called La Tomatina is celebrated in Bunol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big trucks carry more than 200, 000 pounds of tomatoes into this little town. ______(48) For two hours, people in the streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to toe. August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair, an Irish festival with a very unusual tradition, People from the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains and catch a wild goat. ______(49) There are also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, sometimes one person gets an idea for a new holiday and tries to get others to accept it. Whose idea was Public Sleeping Day? That one is on February 28. It may seem strange, but it sounds like more fun than the one on February 9. ______(50) Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday? If you do, then you will want to mark March 26 on your calendar. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.A. Some of the days people celebrate, however are less serious.B. Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh.C. Some people have fun imagining new holidays.D. They bring him back to town put a crown on his head, and make him king for three days.E. Then begins the world's biggest food fight.F. That is supposed to be Toothache Day.

填空题A we can teach them reading or arithmetic B a set of developed skills C schoolwork and intelligence tests D according to ability at an early age E a fixed entity F the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship

填空题Friendly Relations with the People Around You depend on all the people closely around you to give you the warm feeling of belongingness (归属) that you must have to feel secure. But, in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them, and a person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound (一定的) to be a lonely wolf. The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much on having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them. Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don"t know them. When the game is over, you will go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feeling of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win. An experience of this kind gives the clue(线索) to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companionships become friends when these ties are formed. When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintance(熟人), you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.

填空题The History of the Fridge 1 The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator." 2 In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. 3 The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed—natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling... 4 What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. 5 Consequently, most of the world"s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house—while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. 6 The fridge"s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don"t believe me, try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet (橱柜) and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least you"ll get rid of that terrible hum.1. Paragraph 2 ______ A. The Invention of the Fridge B. The Pollution Caused by Fridges C. The Widespread Need for Fridges D. The Days Without the Fridge E. The Waste of Energy Caused by Fridges F. The Fridge"s Contribution to Commerce D[解析] 第二段主要讲的是在20世纪50年代没有冰箱时作者的童年生涯，那时虽然没有冰箱，但零售商、肉贩、面包师、送冰人等都会送货上门，一周会去两三次，所以人们既能吃上新鲜的食物，也不会浪费。 2. Paragraph 4 ______ F[解析] 第四段主要讲的是冰箱促进了市场营销，即冰箱对商业的贡献。 3. Paragraph 5 ______ E[解析] 第五段第一句表明，世界上大多数冰箱并不在有其用武之地的热带，而是在几乎不需要它的温带；第五段第二句又表明，冰箱不仅带来了噪音污染，而且没有多大用处。综合起来，这两句同时表明冰箱是对能源的一种浪费。 4. Paragraph 6 ______ B[解析] 第六段最后一句提到冰箱会发出“hum”(嗡嗡声)，这是一种噪音污染。本段主要讲的就是冰箱所带来的噪音污染。 5. Before fridges came into use, it was still possible for people to have fresh foods because ______. A. milk, meat, vegetables, etc. were delivered B. it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commodities C. a new, economical way to preserve food D. most kids like iced soft drinks E. something every housewife needs F. produced by the fridge when it is working A[解析] 第二段表明，在没有冰箱的年月中，牛奶、肉类、蔬菜等都有专门的商贩派送，所以人们依然能得到新鲜的食物。 6. The invention of the fridge has not provided ______. C[解析] 第三段第一句提到，冰箱的发明对食物保鲜的贡献比较小，它保存食物的方法并不新颖、经济，故选C。 7. An important contribution made by the invention of the fridge is that ______. B[解析] 由第四段可知，冰箱对市场营销有促进作用，也就是说，冰箱促进了各种商品的销售。 8. If you stop using the fridge, at least you won"t be troubled by the noise ______. F[解析] 第六段最后一句提到，关掉冰箱后，它工作时发出的嗡嗡的噪音也就消失了，故选F。

填空题Hurricane 1. A hurricane (飓风) is a tropical storm with winds that have reached a constant speed of 74 miles per hour. Hurricane winds blow in a large spiral(螺旋) around a relative calm center know as the "eye". The "eye" is generally 20 to 30 miles wide, and the storm may extend outward 400 miles. As a hurricane nears land, it can bring heavy rains, high winds, and storm surges(风暴潮). The storm surges and heavy rains can lead to flooding. 2. Hurricanes are given a different label, depending on where they occur. If they begin over the North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Gull" of Mexico, or the Northeast Pacific Ocean, they are called hurricanes. Similar storms that occur in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line are called typhoons. Near Australia and in the Indian Ocean, they are referred to as tropical cyclones (龙卷风). 3. When a hurricane hits land, it can do great damage through its fierce winds, heavy rains, inland (内陆的) flooding, and huge waves crashing on to the shore. During a hurricane, homes, businesses, and public buildings may be damaged or destroyed; roads and bridges can be washed away. A powerful hurricane can kill more people and destroy more property than any other natural disaster. Fishermen are at special risk from hurricanes as they may be at sea when a hurricane arrives and not be able to get to a safe harbour if they do not receive adequate warning. 4. If a hurricane is coming in your area, the most important thing is to stay calm and find shelter immediately. Go to your safe room. If you do not have one, stay indoors during the hurricane and go to a safer place near the center of your home. Cover yourself with a blanket and be sure to keep away from windows and glass doors, because if the glass breaks it"s really dangerous. Do not be fooled if there is a lull (暂停); it could be the eye of the storm—winds will pick up again.

填空题 Electromagnetic Energy White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves, infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦). Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.