填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Economic Growth{{/B}} The economy of a nation requires{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. Total output must grow if the country is to absorb about 1.5 million new workers who enter the labor force each year and more workers who are replaced each year as a form of technological change. If the nation produced the same level of output each year, instead of increasing it, people would have fewer jobs, growing unemployment, and a decline in the per-capita(人均的)income of the nation. To maintain or increase the existing standard of living and to prevent unemployment from rising,{{U}} (47) {{/U}}. Higher rates of employment and substantial per-capita output gains seem to occur when the real economic growth rate is over 3% , as it was in the years 1983 through 1988. Recent experience shows that, with a real growth rate of less than 2.5 %, the U.S. economy suffers from{{U}} (48) {{/U}} For example, unemployment at the end of 1990 was 5.4% of the labor force. But by the end of 1991, unemployment was more than 6.6% of the labor force. Why did this happen? Simply because the real output of goods and services declined in 1991. New members into the labor force could not be absorbed, so{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. Furthermore, a large number of workers withdrew from the labor force altogether because{{U}} (50) {{/U}}. Instead of rising in 1991, the real GDP actually fell 0.7%. Real GDP rose again in 1992 by 2.6%, but unemployment also rose to 7.3% of the labor force. GDP con～tinued to rise during 1993, gained a 3%. At the same time unemployment stood at 6.8% of the labor force. Per-capita income also grew again during 1993.A unemployment roseB they were unable to find workC a healthy rate of economic growthD out of workE they must increase real gross domestic product (GDP) continuouslyF higher unemployment and limited gains in per-capita output and income

填空题Earth Angels 1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a "No Butts on the Beach" campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallonsize plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach in nearly free of cigarette debris (残片). 2. People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built. 3. Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water—a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the "Don"t Be Crude" program runs oil-collection sites—tanks that hold up to 460 gallons—where people in the community can dispose of their oil. 4. Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn"t have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. "We really take water for granted," says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. "In other countries, you have to plan for it." Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryan"s Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}English and English Community{{/B}}1. There is no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity to he used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.2. A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3. We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.4. English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language. English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.5. Learning second language extends one’s vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.

填空题What is eco-fashion? Eco-fashion is a complex phenomenon and the common use of the term covers two aspects of fashion—"ecological" and "ethical". Ecological (生态的) fashion usually refers to textile (织物) and clothing production processes and the environmental issues surrounding them; ethical (伦理的) fashion generally relates to the working conditions involved in the producing processes. What are the problems with fashion? Firstly, the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily. Cotton-planting uses pesticides; sheep-farming and wool-cleaning contribute to global warming; synthetics-making (人造纤维生产) brings about harmful waste. Secondly, every stage of clothing production has a significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy, and some also involve harmful chemicals. In addition to this, there is a lot of waste produced in the process, especially in the form of polluted water. Thirdly, growing consumption levels and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities without realizing the scale on which it affects natural environment, and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times. Then, how to solve the problems? To a large degree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecological footprint, from switching to green energy and reducing energy use, through selecting sustainable (可持续使用的) materials and choosing local suppliers, to recycle and minimize waste. On the other hand, as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption. Now many people are beginning to shop for organic food products because the benefits of eating food free of chemicals are straightforward and immediate. They relate directly to our personal health. In fact, choosing eco-fashion can also contribute to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping the health of the planet.

填空题False Fear of Big Fish Many people believe sharks (鲨鱼)are dangerous and will always try to hurt or even kill humans. 1 A shark exhibition at the National Aquarium (水族馆)in Baltimore, U.S., proves this. Visitors can touch young sharks, see their eggs develop and watch a dozen different species swim smoothly around a huge tank. Most people fail to realize that shark attacks don"t happen very often. Humans are more likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark. 2 There, kids can learn, from an early age, not to fear sharks. "People fear what they don"t know," said Nancy Hotchkiss, an organizer of the exhibition. "Sharks have been around for 400 million years and play an important role in the ocean"s food chain. We want people to discover that sharks are amazing animals that need our respect and protection." 3 A study, published in January in the U.S. magazine, Science, found that almost all recorded shark species have fallen by half in the past 8 to 15 years. Thousands of sharks are hunted in Asia for special foods, such as shark fin (鱼翅) soup. And many others get caught in nets, while fishermen are hunting other fish. 4 "Some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean for sharks," said Dave Schofield, the manager of the aquarium"s ocean health programme. 5 A. They can watch them develop inside their eggs and feel the skin of the older swimmers. B. A shocking 100 million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans. C. In fact, 94 percent of the world"s 400 species are harmless to humans. D. It is a worrying situation and some areas have put measures in order to protect these special fish. E. And to make this point clear, the museum has set up a special touching pool for children. F. More than half of the sharks caught are smaller than 1 meter long.

填空题Transport and Trade 1. Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale. 2. The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods were delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance. 3. Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living. 4. By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living. 5. Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.

填空题A causes of changes B increasing number of museums and visitors C museums getting closer to more spectators D movies shown in museums E new notions about the management of museums F places to visit

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务；(1)第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination{{/B}} 1 New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. 2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. 3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. "This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier," said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. 4 Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo (solar energy reflected back to space), which may be contributing m trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. 5 "Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon," Hansen said. Soot's increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate. "This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude," Hansen noted. 6 Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century, Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century. 7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers' climate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.

填空题Stonehenge Stonehenge (英格兰南部的巨石阵), the mysterious ring of ancient monoliths (独块石) from the dawn of Britain's proud civilization, could be the work of a central European immigrant, archaeologists said not long ago in a shock statement(令人震惊的声明). An early Bronze(青铜)Age(青铜时代) archer(射手), whose grave was discovered near the stone circle last year may have helped build the monument. (46) Or he might have been brought up in a region neighboring Switzerland (瑞士) , such as southern Germany or western Austria. The archer "would have been a very important person in the Stonehenge area. " said Andrew Fitzpatrick, Wessex Archaeology's project manager. "It is fascinating to think that someone from abroad could have played an important part in the construction of Britain's most famous archaeological site". The 4000-year-old man was identified as an archer because of the flint(遂石) arrowheads(箭头) found by his body, along with other artifacts(史前古器物)belonging to the beaker Culture ( 青铜时代宽口陶器人文化) in the Alpsa (阿尔卑斯上) during the Bronze age. (47) Though it could be coincidence that the man lived close to Stonehenge at about the time the great stones were put in place, archaeologists suspect that he was involved in constructing the monument. The archer, dubbed(被称为)"The King of Stonehenge" by the British press, lived around 2300 BC, about the time the great stone circle was formed in Amesbury, 120 kilometers southwest of London. The splendid artifacts found in his grave indicated he was a man of wealth, leading archaeologists to speculate he was an important dignitary(高贵人物) involved in the monument's creation. Stonehenge was built about the time the rich Breaker Culture came to Britain. (48) (49) He was strongly built but suffered an accident a few years before his death that severed(截断、切断) his left kneecap. Truman said the cause of death was not known, but it could have been a bone infection caused by his leg injury. Archaeologists also found the grave of a younger man, aged 20 to 25, nearby. (50) This indicated they were related and were possibly father and son. Tests on the younger man's tooth enamel(珐琅) showed that he grew up in Britain. The archaeologists thus speculated the archer lived in Britain for many years and had a family, and was not just passing through. A. And tests on the chemical components of his tooth enamel showed he grew up in the region that is now known as Switzerland. B. He and the archer shared an unusual bone structure in their feet. C. Stonehenge will remain mysterious for many centuries to come. D. The artifacts found in his rich grave, discovered about 5 kilometers from Stonehenge, and indicated he was obviously a very prominent man. E. The archer was between 35 and 45 years old when he died. F. And people of that time would have been able to communicate in early Celtic tongue.

填空题Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don"t question. 1 The team of researchers from the US, England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources, in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape—one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees—to walk on two legs. The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. 2 Over time, intense bursts of bipedal (二足的) activity may have led to anatomical (解剖的) changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong. Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University"s "outdoor laboratory" in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. 3 The chimpanzees" behavior was monitored in three situations: (a)when only oil palm nuts were available, (b)when a small number of coula nuts (可乐果) were available, (c) and when coula nuts were the majority available resource. When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. 4 In such high-competition settings, the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available—even their mouths. The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable resources. 5 A. Standing on two legs allows them to carry, much more at one time because it frees up their hands. B. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW"s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high-quality resources. C. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees" activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time. D. Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival. E. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut—the oil palm nut, which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. F. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Human beings have little direct control over the volume of water in the atmosphere. But we produce other greenhouse gases that intensify the effect. The IPCC estimates that rising CO2 emissions, mostly from burning fossil fuels, account for about 60 percent of the warming observed since 1850, Carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing by about 0.3 percent a year, and it is now about 30 percent higher than it was before the industrial revolution.2. The relentless accumulation of greenhouse gases has led the IPCC to project that in the next hundred years average global temperatures will rise by 1 to 3.5 degrees C. That may notseem like much. Yet the "little ice age," an anomalous cold snap that peaked from 1570 to 1730 and forced European farmers to abandon their fields, was caused by a change of only half a degree.3. The compeer models used to project greenhouse effects far into the future are still being improved to accommodate a rapidly growing font of knowledge. And it is remarkably difficult to detect a definitive "signature" of human activity in the world's widely fluctuating climate record. To project future climate patterns, scientists use computer simulations of the interactions among land, air, water, ice and sunlight. These general circulation models, or GCMs, consist of equations representing the known laws of atmospheric physics and ocean circulation. For each section of the planet, they calculate the effect of such factors as air temperature, the Earth's rotation, surface friction at sea level, rainfall, and other climatic conditions. A perfect model, if given enough information about conditions on Earth several hundred years ago, could provide an exact description of today's climate. Only very recently have models been developed that are capable of realistically depicting the present global climate without a lot of tinkering— adjustments often called "fudge factors."4. In part, this is because only the most powerful computers are fast enough to handle the job, and in part because some aspects of climate change are still mysterious. Even avid proponents caution that GCMs are not yet trustworthy for predicting detailed effects in individual regions: Models divide the world's surface into grids that are typically about 200 miles on a side, but ocean eddies, storms and cloud activity take place on far smaller scales. The modelers, therefore, have to compensate with approximations. According to Kevin Trenberth, chief climate analyst at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, all GCMs project global warming, but they can provide only a range of projected temperature change.5. The role of clouds and airborne suspended particles called aerosols is no easier to factor into models. Clouds shade the Earth's surface, promoting cooling. But, depending on their altitude, density, and other conditions, they can also trap outgoing heat, promoting warming. Aerosols are also equally tricky. Some encourage water vapor in the air to condense into tiny droplets. The resulting clouds are dense and shiny, shading the surface for weeks. Thus, ironically, our own pollution, mainly from combustion of sulfur-bearing coal and oil, may temporarily have spared us some effects of global warming.6. Yet the warming could be part of the natural roller coaster of average global air temperatures, which have varied by as much as 6 degrees C during the past 150,000 years. Climate fluctuates over thousands of years owing to periodic changes in the sun's energy output and in the Earth's orbit and tilt, both of which influence the amount and intensity of sunlight reaching the surface. Proof of these climate shifts comes from variations in the composition of ice extracted in cores from the depths of ancient glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica and from differences among marine organisms in sediment cores taken from the seafloor. It is possible that around 1860, when scientists first began keeping dependable temperature records, the planet was still recovering from the "little ice age." The present warming might be a continuation of that rebound, and enhanced greenhouse warming may be superimposed on, and camouflaged by, that trend.

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Scientists used to explore on the surface of the ocean.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. They want to know about the ocean water and the plant and animal life deep in the ocean. In 1934, the scientist William Beebe dived 3,000 feet below the surface in a hollow steel ball. In 1935, Auguste Piccard dived 10,330 feet. In 1960, his son Jean dived to a depth of 35,800 feet. All these early dives were deep.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}. They had to come back up to the surface after a few seconds. Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below the surface. Gradually, they succeeded. Cousteau, a Frenchman, was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week. {{U}} (48) {{/U}}. With this new equipment, men can stay below the surface for days or even weeks. In 1962, Cousteau set up a research station 35 feet below the surface. Then in 1964, he set up another station on the ocean floor of the Red Sea.{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. Many countries are now studying undersea living.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}. The United States has a laboratory 50 feet down on the ocean floor off the Virgin Islands. In 1970, five men lived there for two weeks. Then a team of five women scientists stayed in the laboratory. Next came other teams of men. All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources. A. This was the first undersea station to operate without help from the surface. B. But the divers could not stay down for very long. C. Scientists hope to find enough mineral, vegetable, and animal wealth there. D. Now they are exploring below the surface, too. E. The Soviet Union has an undersea laboratory in the Crimean Sea. F. Now scientists are developing even better equipment.

填空题Ford 1．Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process—not invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891. Although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market. 2．The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响) along in 1914, the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes. 3．The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5-a-day minimum wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then was $2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that, he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan "an economic crime", and critics everywhere laughed at Ford. 4．But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Ford's dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didn't matter—except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.

填空题A. by keeping its original shape and colorB. in the life of the cut flowerC. to produce carbon dioxideD. for as long as possibleE. by controlling temperatureF. to replace the water and solution every day

填空题Mind Those Manners on the Subway So, there you are, just sitting there in the subway car, enjoying that book you just bought 1 Or, the person sitting next to you takes out a nail clipper(指甲刀)and begins cutting his or her nails. Annoying? Many of us have to spend some time every day on public transportation. 2 So, to make the trip more pleasant, we suggest the following: Let passengers get off the bus or subway car before you can get on. 3 Stand away from the doors when they are closing. Don"t talk loudly on a bus or subway. Chatting loudly with your friends can be annoying to others. 4 Don"t think your bags and suitcases(手提箱) deserve a seat of their own. Use a tissue whenever you cough or sneeze (打喷嚏). An uncovered sneeze can spread germs (细菌), especially in crowded places. Don"t cut your nails or pick your nose on public transportation. Don"t read over other people"s shoulder. 5 It can make people uncomfortable. They might think you"re too stingy(小气的) even to buy a newspaper. Or they might think you"re judging their behavior. A. Don"t eat food in your car. B. Don"t shout into your mobile phone on a bus or subway. C. We all know that some behaviors are simply unacceptable. D. Many people do this on subways, but it"s really annoying. E. Getting off and on in an orderly manner can save time for all. F. Suddenly, you feel someone leaning over your shoulder reading along with you.

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1) 第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个争取的小标题；(2) 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Attention to the Details 1．Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do--especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. "It's amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,"he says. 2．"Resumes(简历)arrive with stains. Some candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly. Once I see a mistake,I eliminate the eandidate,"Crossley concludes. "if they cannot take care of these details,why should we trust them with a job?" 3．Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. "To keep from losing the forest for the trees,"says Charles Garfield,associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco,"we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we're working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't,we should drop them and move to something else. " 4．Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. "The Apollo moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time. "says Garfield. "But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary. "Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake. 5．Too often we believe what accounts for others' success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again,we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow. A．Don't Be a Perfectionist B．The Benefits of Knowing Where We Want to Go C．Hard Work Plus Good Luck D．The Outcomes of Our Efforts E．The Importance of Attention to Detail F．Constantly Asking Ourselves about Details

填空题 A. to send goods to various parts of the world B. at any time during the year C. has greatly promoted trade D. is it possible to produce on a large scale E. the transport of goods F. it is possible to produce on a large scale

填空题The Domestication of Horses Domestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren"t tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today. Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication. As people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals" genes. So as the domesticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. Each new generation of houses would show more of these chosen characteristics. Modern day horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This variety didn"t exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breeds—typically reaching only one meter tall. With short, strong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts (矿井) with low ceilings. Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. People bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads. The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horses were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new form of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.

填空题Paragraph 4 ______

填空题The Future of the Press? 1 Interesting things are happening in the press. Newspaper circulation (销量) in Europe is falling and Ireland and the UK have experienced the biggest drop. Despite this, the news isn"t all bad for the industry. Global newspaper sales are increasing. Nevertheless, it is clear that newspapers need to change to meet the demands of a rapidly changing readership in a digital world. 2 The industry in Europe has made a number of changes, such as introducing more colour and moving from the big broadsheets to the much more user-friendly size. The most radical innovation has been the introduction of online newspapers. But are online papers here to stay? On the one hand, it is clear from the large increase in online readers that e-papers are popular. On the other hand, their financial future is not so certain. This is basically because most people are not prepared to pay for online news. In fact, if it wasn"t for advertising (做广告), online newspapers would have a very hard time indeed. 3 A growing number of people are reading electronic newspapers instead of the print press and with good reason. First of all, they can read the news whenever they want. Secondly, readers are free to explore a subject as much or as little as they want. Thirdly, it is the perfect medium for "real-time" news. 4 The general view is that the future "paper" will be a multimedia (多媒体) mix. Advanced technology and programming software will allow the user to create their own "news package". And it will arrive immediately, fed by super-fast Internet connections. The reader will receive up-to-the-minute news about everything from their local traffic problems to updates (更新) on news of specific interest to them. Nobody knows for sure what will happen, but as one expert puts it, "We won"t be saying "Here is the news", we will be saying, "Here is your news.""