单选题She"s been deliberately ignoring him all day.

单选题If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air is often the cause.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay{{/B}} Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest. In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a "positive emotional style" can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose. "People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus," explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe." Cohen and his colleagues had bound in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect. For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style". Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style. The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} Fortunately there are still a few tasty things for us to enjoy in relative security. Their numbers, however, are depleted almost daily, it seems, by ruthless proclaimations from the ever-watchful Food and Drug Administration and its allies, our doctors, The latest felon(重罪犯) to face prosecution is the salt of life, sodium chloride(食盐). Apparently, overuse of salt causes high blood pressure and hypertension, the cause of half the deaths in the United States every year. A few years ago the anti-salt campaigners raised such an uproar that salt was banned from baby food. Currently pressure is being applied to food manufacturers to oblige them to label their products to show sodium content. Because doing so would cost manufacturers money, they argue that they have no idea how much salt remains on such things as potato chips and how much sticks to the bag. Furthermore, salt isn't the only harmful ingredient in food. If the manufacturer has to provide sodium content, why not require him to list every ingredient and specify which are harmful to our health? Cigarettes have a warning printed on them. Shouldn't the same type of warning appear on canned foods that are notoriously over- salted? There are endless ifs and buts in the controversy, but the most telling of these is the questionable proof of salt's effect upon the blood pressure. True, people who cut their salt intake lowered their blood pressure, but where is the scientific proof that something other than salt didn't do the trick? The most common means of providing dubious proof that salt causes hypertension is to compare societies that use little salt with those that use mountains of salt in their daily diets. Which group has the higher rate of hypertension? Whose blood pressure is lower? What happens when salt is introduced into a group where salt is a novelty? Does the blood pressure rise significantly? Studies of the Japanese indicate that as the world's greatest salters, they suffer the most from hypertension. On the other hand, the simple, salt-free cooking of several tribes in the Solomon Islands has kept older tribesmen and women from developing hypertension and high blood pressure, ailments traditionally killing their peers in America. No account is taken of the effects of inflation, recession, pollution, crime, and sundry (多种多样的) other ills to which Americans, unlike people on primitive islands, are exposed. To salt or not to salt? That is the question. Now that the question has arisen, it must not be treated with levity(轻率) but, rather, with searching scientific investigation so that those of us who are preoccupied with both savory(薄荷) food and longevity may decide which of the two is worth its salt.

单选题TheyU converted/U the spare bedroom into an office．

单选题Sleep Problems Plague the Older Set Older Americans often have difficulty getting a good night"s rest. It"s a huge quality of life problem, experts say, because contrary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults. "Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent (固有的) part of aging," said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学) and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. "It"s pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people." Yet, in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine, researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need. Older people tend to have "sleep fragmentation," meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammck, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University. They also seem to get less "REM" sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added. It"s unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on person"s quality of life, Bloom said. "What is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep," he said. And, experts say, there is usually more than one cause. "Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations," said Michael Vitriol, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington"s Northwest Geriatric Education Center. Taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue a "hypersomnia" or being tired all the time, Bloom added. Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety. "Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems." Despite the prevalence (流行) of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients aren"t getting the help they need. As a result, problems like insomnia (失眠), restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are under-diagnosed and under-treated, Bloom said.

单选题We are certain that he will get over his illness.

单选题 Communication In our society, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, stand in football match {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}, we are likely to have conversations {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}we give information or opinions, and sometimes have our views {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}by other members of society. Face-to-face contact is {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}the only form of communication, and during the last two hundreds years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things, {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}advances in printing, photography, radio and so on. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}a back seat to national news. No longer is the possession of information {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}to a privileged minority. Forty years ago, people used to flock to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that is being {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}into millions of homes. Communication is no longer merely concerned {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}the transmission of information. The modern communications industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}with informing, educating and entertaining, {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}which he is a part, the vast modern network of communications is {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}to abuse. However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

单选题We are restricted to a speed of 30 miles an hour in built-up areas.

单选题The latest census is encouraging.

单选题She can be relied on in a crisis.A. looked afterB. depended onC. believed inD. turned on

单选题We derive information mainly from the Internet. A. deprive B. obtain C. descend D. trace

单选题The writer cites {{I}}the Duomo{{/I}} in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that

单选题She always finds fault with everything. A. simplifies B. criticizes C. evaluates D. examines

单选题Pressure and Pregnancy A boy or a girl? That is usually the first question asked when a woman gives birth. Remarkably, the answer varies with where the mother lives. In rich countries the chances of its being a boy are about 5% higher than in poor ones. Equally remarkably, that figure has been falling recently. Several theories have been put forward to explain these observations. Some argue that smoking plays a role, others say that diet may be important. Neither of these ideas has been supported by evidence from large studies. But new research points to a different factor: stress. Strange as it might seem, the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 shed light on the enigma. Studies noting the sex of babies conceived in New York during the week of the attacks found a drop in the ratio of males to females. That is consistent with earlier studies, which revealed a similar shift in women who became pregnant during floods and earthquakes and in time of war. Moreover, a study carried out eight years ago by researchers at the University of Aarhus, in Denmark, revealed that women who suffered the death of a child or spouse from some catastrophic illness around the time they conceived were much more likely to give birth to girls than to boys. Taken together, these results suggest that acute stress to a woman at the time of conception shifts the sex ratio towards girls. However, Carsten Obel, a researcher at Aarhus who was not involved in the earlier study, wondered if the same might be true of chronic stress too. In a paper just published in Human Development , he shows that it is. Dr. Obel used a set of data collected between 1989 and 1992. During that period 8,719 expectant mothers were asked to fill in questionnaires that inquired, among other things, about their level of stress. Dr. Obel found that the more stressed a mother had been, the less chance she had of having given birth to a boy. Only 47% of children born to women in the top quartile of stress were males. That compared with 52% for women in the bottom quartile. Dr. Obel suspects the immediate cause is that male pregnancies are more likely to miscarry in response to stress than female pregnancies are, especially during the first three months. However, that is difficult to prove. More intriguing, though, is the ultimate cause, for he thinks it might be adaptive, rather than pathological. That is because the chances are that a daughter who reaches adulthood will find a mate and thus produce grandchildren. A son is a different matter. Healthy, strapping sons are likely to produce lots of grandchildren, by several women—or would have done in the hunter-gatherer societies in which most human evolution took place. Weak ones would be marginalized and maybe even killed in the cut and thrust of male competition. If a mother"s stress adversely affects the development of her fetus then selectively aborting boys, rather than wasting time and resources on bringing them to term, would make evolutionary sense. That, in turn, would explain why women in rich countries, who are less likely to suffer from hunger and disease, are more likely to give birth to sons. That this likelihood is, nevertheless, failing suggests that rich women"s lives may be more stressful than they used to be.

单选题"Liquefaction" Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction" that has surprised researchers with its 1 severity, a new analysis shows. "We"ve seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2 of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashord, a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 3 . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet." Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It"s a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 4 and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5 . But most earthquakes are much 6 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this. "With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 7 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 8 filled ground, are much more vulnerable." The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9 and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 10 damage was removed in the recovery efforts. "There"s no doubt that we"ll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11 ," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns." Ashford pointed out that northern California has younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction—on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 12 within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities. Anything 13 a river and old flood plains is a suspect, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 14 collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse—even as they tilted and sank into the ground.

单选题The ex-husbands are pitiful because they have got no wives to sympathize with them.

单选题Many of novelist Carson McCullers' characters are {{U}}isolated{{/U}} people. A. solitary B. gloomy C. feeble D. frugal

单选题A Gay Biologist Molecular biologist Dean Homer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly, matter of factly gay. What is it that makes Homer who he is? What, for that matter, accounts for the talents and traits that make up anyone"s personality? Hamer is not content merely to ask such questions; he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Homer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality. To a remarkable extent, his work on what might be called the gay, thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions. That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Homer"s creative new book, Living with Our Genes. "You have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality." Homer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, "as you do in the shape of your nose or the size of your feet." Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes on studies of identical twins. For example, psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demonstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hamer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation. Hamer switched to behavioral genetics from basic research, after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hamer suddenly realized he had learned as much about the protein as he cared to. "Frankly, I was bored," he remembers, "and ready for something new." Homosexual behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject. "I"m gay," Hamer says with a shrug, "but that was not a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosity—and the fact that no one else was doing this sort of research."

单选题China does a lot of trade with many countries.