单选题Prolonging Human Life Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often "go on welfare" if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and underskilled personnel.

单选题Exercise Cuts Cancer Deaths in Men Men who exercise often are less likely to die from cancer than those who (51) , new research published in the British Journal of Cancer revealed yesterday. A team of scientists from the Karolin’s Institute in Sweden looked (52) the effect of physical activity and cancer risk in 40,708 men (53) between 45 and 79. The seven-year study found that men (54) walked or cycled for at least 30 minutes a day had a 34 percent lower risk of (55) from cancer than the men who did less exercise or nothing at all. (56) the period studied, 3,714 men developed cancer and 1,153 died from the disease. The researchers suggest that half an hour's walking (57) cycling a day increased survival among these men by 33 percent. The researchers surveyed men from two counties in central Sweden about their lifestyle and the amount of (58) activity they were usually doing. They then scored these responses and compared the results (59) data on cancer diagnosis and death officially recorded in a central cancer registry over a seven-year period. Lead author, Professor Alicja Wolk, said: "These results clearly show for the first time the effect that very simple and basic daily (60) such as walking or cycling has in reducing cancer death risk in middle—aged and elderly (61) ” Dr Lesley Walker, director of cancer information at Cancer Research UK，said：“This study gives US a clear indication that men who exercise are less (62) to die from cancer, and that they are more likely to (63) the disease if they get it．It’S not entirely clear from this study what role exercise plays in preventing (64) in men，but we do know that a healthy lifestyle can prevent up to half of all cancers and (65) exercise forms a key part of this．”

单选题How to Be a Successful Businessperson Have you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not? Here's a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and today he owns 168 restaurants. Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal,a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot,and when he was 16 years old,he learned to fly a small plane. At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket,Mr. Kazi moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead,he ended up working for a company that rented cars. While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental(租赁的)company,he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, he worked as a cook's assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "I didn't like it,"Mr,Kazi says, "but I always did the best I could. " One day, Mr. Kazi's two co-workers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few months later, the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit. A few years later,Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant was dirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant. For the first six months,Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a. m. to 10 p. m. ,seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant,remodeled the front of the building,and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutes for their food,Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit. A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he earned, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money. Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too. Today Mr. Kaziowns 168 restaurants,but he isn't planning to stop there. He's looking for more poorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it's a mess,"Mr. Kazi says. "The only way it can go is up. /

单选题The writer's attitude towards laughter is

单选题Natural Medicine Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely. They were successful long before the time of modem medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment. Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured, how? By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的). Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however. Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today"s most serious diseases. Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines arc used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas, few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources, especially plants. Some experts say more than 25% of modern medicines come, in one way or another, from nature. Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists" interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earth"s supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.

单选题U.S. Eats Too Much Salt People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, government health experts said on Thursday. They found nearly 70 percent of U.S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day, yet most consume close to 3,500 mg per day. "It"s important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve their blood pressure," Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement. "People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake," Labarthe said. The study in CDC"s weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40—which are considered high-risk groups. Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005—2006 CDC estimate. Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food Supply. Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said.

单选题John Hanson helped draft instructions for Maryland's delegates to the Stamp Act Congress. A. clarify B. formulate C. revise D. contribute

单选题I expect that he will be able to cater for your particular needs.

单选题The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.

单选题Germs(细菌)on Banknotes People in different countries use different types of money: yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use different currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in 1 : germs on the banknotes. Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 2 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease. Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 3 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 4 . Vriesekoop is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 5 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets, street vendors and cafes, 6 those businesses often rely on cash. Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria—no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the 7 —about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm. What we call "paper money" 8 isn"t made from paper. The U.S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly cotton. Different countries may use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his team, such as the American dollar, were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers. The three 10 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos. The 11 currencies were printed on fabric made mostly of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This 12 suggests that germs have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand 13 germs live on money—and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vriesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills. Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money 15 germs. We should wash our hands after touching it; After all, you never know where your money"s been. Or what"s living on it.

单选题How to Read Books A number of recent books have reworked subjects, forms and writing techniques. Today's children read stories about divorce, death, drugs, air pollution, political extremism and violence. Relying on the magic of the illustrator, all kinds of books are being published. Before they know how to read, babies can play with books made of cloth or books made to take in the bath. Later on, they are given picture books that may be cubical(立方形的) or triangular, outsized or very small. They also like work-books which come with watercolours and paintbrushes, and comic books(漫画册) filled with details where they have to spot a figure hidden among thousands of others. Not that the traditional children's books are being neglected. There are still storybooks where the pages pop up(跳起) when they are opened, to make a forest or a castle. Among the latest ideas are interactive stories where readers choose the plot(情节) or ending they want, and books on CD, which are very popular in rich industrialized countries. The public has enthusiastically greeted the wealth of creativity displayed by publishers. "Previously, giving a child a book was often seen as improper," says Canadian author Marie-France Hebert. Her books, published by a French-language publisher, sell like not cakes in hundreds of thousands of copies. "There's real appetite for reading these days and I try to get across to children the passion for reading which is food for the mind and the passion for reading which is food for the mind and the heart, like a medicine or a vitamin. /

单选题Class sizes will increase under the new scheme .

单选题We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should.

单选题The audience applauded enthusiastically after the performance at the Grand Old Opera.A. clappedB. laughedC. chattedD. contributed

单选题They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the Indians who dwell in it.

单选题I wasn't qualified for the job really but I got it anyhow. A. besides B. anyway C. well D. anymore

单选题The Origin of Language is a Mystery How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words. The power of words, then, lies in their combinations—the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and feelings. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary (文字的) style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and rude.

单选题Some children have never seen a dentist before starting school.

单选题They became very tense during the Ucrucial/U stage of the experiment.

单选题Margaret Sanger and Birth Control Margaret Sanger, an American nurse, was the first to start the modem birth control movement in the United States. In 1912 she 31 publishing information about women"s reproductive (生殖的) concerns through articles and books. In 1914 Sanger was charged 32 violation of, the Comstock Law, which federal legislation had passed in 1873 forbidding the mailing of sexy material 33 information about birth control and contraceptive (避孕的) devices. Though she was put in jail for these activities, Sanger 34 to publish and spread information about birth control. She and her sister Ethel Byrne opened the first of several birth control clinics in America on October 16, 1916, in Brooklyn, New York. The Comstock Law was rewritten by Congress in 1936 to 35 birth control information and devices. Many states had laws forbidding distribution or use of contraceptive devices but the constitutionality (合宪性) of these laws was increasingly 36 In 1965, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that married people have the right to practice birth control without government intervention. In 1972, the court 37 that unmarried people have the same right. Today there are more birth control options 38 , but overpopulation and unwanted pregnancies remain worldwide 39 . Having more children than one can support may lead 40 poverty, illness, and high death rates for babies, children, and women. The problem of teenage pregnancy is 41 worse in the United States 42 in almost any other developed country. Studies show that birth rates for women under 20 are higher in the United States than in 29 other 43 countries. A detailed study suggested that the problem of teenage pregnancy in the United States may be 44 to less sex education in schools and lower availability (可获性) of contraceptive services and supplies to young people. This study 45 the view of people in the United States who argue that sex education or making contraceptive supplies available to school-age children promotes sexual activity.