单选题The Difference between Man and Computer What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don't yet (51) for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (52) they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact, computers don't (53) have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (54) is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose". Of course, people have several goals that do not make (55) to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide (56) order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (57) a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches. However, these physiological and social goals give (58) to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (59) about the name of a restaurant which (60) the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (61) information or knowledge, what we are calling (62) goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (63) "want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so (64) the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (65) out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.

单选题Deport them or not In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come, work and live here? In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing. On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged "Operation Safe Travel" -raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification (身份证明). In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Authorities said the undocumented workers" illegal status made them open to blackmail(讹诈)by terrorists. Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods. Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent, "We"re saying we want you to work in these places, we"re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it"s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then you"re disposable. There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons," Anderson said. If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone oil quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben & Jerry"s ice cream shop at the airport, had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation (驱逐出境). Castro"s case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry"s.

单选题下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 {{B}} Petitions{{/B}} Petitions have long been a part of British political life. Anyone who wanted to change something would get a list of signatures from people who agreed to the idea and either send them to the government or deliver them personally to the Prime Minister's house in London. They are always accepted at the door by one of the PM's officials. What happens then? Nothing much, usually. But petitions have always been thought of as a useful way for those who govern to find out what the people really think. That's why the UK government launched its "e-petition" site in November 2006. Instead of physically collecting signatures, all anyone with an idea has to do now is to make a proposal on the government website, and anyone who supports the idea is free to add his or her signature. The petitions soon started to flow in. The idea was for the British people to express their constructive ideas. Many chose instead to express their sense of humor. One petitioner called on Tony Blair to "stop the Deputy Prime Minister eating so much". Another wanted to expel (驱逐) Scotland from the United Kingdom because Scottish football fans never support England in the World Cup. Other petitioners called on the Prime Minister to abolish the monarchy. Some wanted to give it more power. Some wanted to oppose the United States. Others wanted to leave the European Union. Some wanted to send more troops to Iraq and others wanted them all brought home. Some wanted to adopt the euro (欧元). Others wanted to keep the pound. Yet if some petitions are not serious, others present a direct challenge to government policy. A petition calling on the government to drop plans to charge drivers for using roads has already drawn around 1.8 million signatures. In response to that, a rival petition has been posted in support of road pricing. And that is also rapidly growing. There are about 60 million people in Britain, so it is understandable that the government wants to find out what people are thinking. But the problem with the e-petition site seems to be that the British people have about 70 million opinions, and want the Prime Minister to hear all of them. Perhaps he could start a petition asking everyone to just shut up for a while.

单选题In the book Autobiography of Values, the aviation hero Charles Lindbergh reveals his paradoxical and often sobering thoughts on life.

单选题At last John Smith chose to step down as the company"s chief executive and return to hisroots in software research.

单选题He possesses a remarkable {{U}}gift{{/U}} for music.

单选题Bees and Color On our table in the garden we put a blue card, and all around this blue card we put a number of different gray cards. These gray cards are of all possible shades of gray land include white and black. On each card a watch-glass is placed. The watch-glass on the blue card has some syrup (果汁) in it; all the others are empty. After a short time bees find the syrup, and they come for it again and again. Then, after some hours, we take away the watch-glass of syrup which was on the blue card and put an empty one in its place. Now what do the bees do? They still go straight to the blue card, although there is no syrup them. They do not go to any of the gray cards, in spite of the fact that one of the gray cards is of exacfiy the same brightness as the blue card. Thus the bees do not mistake any shade of gray for blue. In his way we have proved that they do really see blue as a color. We can find out in just the same way what other colors bees can see. It turns out that bees can see various colors, but these insects differ from us as regards their color-sense in two very interesting ways. Suppose we train bees to come to a red card, and, having done so, we put the red card on the table in the garden among the set of different gray cards. This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark gray or black. They cannot distinguish between them. This means that red is not a color at all for bees; for them it is just dark gray or black. That is one strange fact; here is another. A rainbow is red on one edge, violet on the other. Outside the violet of the rainbow there is another color which we cannot see at all. This color beyond the violet, invisible to us, is called the ultra-violet. Although it is invisible, we know that the ultra-violet is there because it affects a photographic plate. Now, although we are unable to see ultra-violet light, bees can do so; for them ultra-violet is a color. Thus bees see a color which we cannot even imagine. This has been found out by training bees to come for syrup to various parts of a spectrum, or artificial rainbow, thrown by a prism on a table in a dark room. In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness.

单选题The police are {{U}}combing{{/U}} the suburbs for the missing car.

单选题That uniform makes the guards look Uabsurd/U.

单选题In the latter ease the {{U}}outcome{{/U}} can be serious indeed.

单选题It is hard for me to give you a definite answer.A. sureB. correctC. realD. clear

单选题He hasn't the funds to carry out his design. A. make B. keep C. change D. implement

单选题Centers of the Great European Cities The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere. Squares, plazas (广场) and arcades (拱廊) form the heart of Europe"s cities. Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco—a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. London"s Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats (杂技演员) and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop (背景) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames. These vibrant (有活力的) hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. "The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don"t see all the mistakes," said Garreau. "Those have all been removed." Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to people"s homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans" life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with the reason for existence. Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos (浓咖啡) and cigarettes. Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community.

单选题Lack of Sleep Increases the Risk of Catching a Cold As cold season approaches, many Americans stock up on their vitamin C and Echinacea(紫锥 花精油). But following the age -old advice about catching up on sleep might be more important. Studies have demonstrated that poor sleep and susceptibility (易受影响) to colds go hand in hand, and scientists think it could be a reflection of the role sleep plays in maintaining the body's defenses. In a recent study for the Archives of Internal Medicine, scientists followed 153 men and women for two weeks, keeping track of their quality and duration of sleep. Then, during a five - day period, they quarantined(进行检疫隔离) the subjects and exposed them to cold viruses. Those who slept an average of fewer than seven hours a night, it turned out, were three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged at least eight hours. Sleep and immunity, it seems, are tightly linked. Studies have found that mammals that require the most sleep also produce greater levels of disease -fighting white blood cells—but not red blood cells, even though both are produced in bone marrow(骨髓) and stem from the same precursor(前体物). And researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have shown that species that sleep more have greater resistance against pathogens (病原体). "Species that have evolved longer sleep durations, "the Planck scientists wrote, "appear to be able to increase investment in their immune systems and be better protected. /

单选题Which of the following statements is NOT true，according to the article?

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}} Two People, Two Paths{{/B}} You must be familiar with the situation: Dad's driving, Mum's telling him where to go. He's sure that they need to turn left. But she says it's not for another two blocks. Who has the better sense of direction? Men or women. They both do, a new study says, but in different ways. Men and women, Canadian researchers have found, have different methods of finding their way. Men look quickly at landmarks (地标) and head off in what they think is the right direction. Women, however, try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head. "Women tend to be more detailed," said Edward Cornell, who led the study, "while men tend to be a little bit faster and...a little bit more intuitive (直觉感知的)." in fact, said Cornell, "sense of direction" isn't one skill but two. The first is the "survey method". This is when you see an area from above, such as a printed map. You can see, for example, where the hospital is, where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right. The second skill is the "route method". This is when you use a series of directions. You start from the hospital, then turn left, turn right, go uphill — and then you see the supermarket. Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions. Both work, and neither is better. Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history. They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles. In ancient times, young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt. The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places. The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks — the mountains, the lakes and so on. The women, on the other hand, took young girls out to find fruits and plants. These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths. So, women's sense of space was based on learning certain routes.

单选题He has impressed his employers considerably and accordingly he is soon to be promoted.

单选题Cancellation of the flight pressed many passengers to spend the night at the airport. A. result B. obliged C. demanded D. recommended

单选题Shrinking Water Supply Poses Threat to Peace "Water, which is essential for life, costs nothing. On the other hand, diamonds, which are essential for nothing, cost a lot. " Unfortunately, the world has changed considerably since an 18th century economist made this remark. What was true over 200 years ago is certainly no longer true now. In a number of countries people pay as much for water in their homes as they do for electricity. Like health, we ignore water when we have it-unless there are floods, of course. Once there is a threat to our water supply, however, water can quickly become the only thing that matters. We know only too well that, without water, there can be no life. The situation is now becoming so bad that environmentalists feel it many be necessary to shock the world into saving water in a similar way to the shock caused by the oil crises in the 1970's. At that time, the oil crisis became such a serious threat to the lives of everyone in the developed countries that it made people conscious of the importance of saving oil and provided powerful encouragement for governments to look for other forms of energy. The result undoubtedly was of major benefit to energy conservation. There is now no longer an unlimited supply of fresh water. About 97 percent of the planet's water is seawater. Another 2 percent is locked in icecaps and glaciers. There are also reserves of fresh water under the earth's surface but these are too deep for us to use economically. Unfortunately, competition is growing fiercely for what little water is available. It may be a matter of time before that competition becomes a conflict. To make matters worse, the world's population is increasing so rapidly that it is expected to grow to about 8 billion in 30 years-an increase of 60 percent. Moreover, in many developed countries throughout the world, flush lavatories and washing machines mean the average person now uses 300 litres of water a day compared with 50 at the beginning of the century. At the other extreme, according to the World Health Organization, one quarter of the world's present population still lacks safe drinking water and proper sanitation. Most live in the southern hemisphere, where supplies of fresh water are put in jeopardy through dirty industrial practices, poor irrigation and erosion. The social stability of the world is no longer threatened by global wars, the Cold War However, the supply of water could soon become the chief threat to such stability. There is already evidence of this happening, especially in Africa. Recently the Egyptian Government threatened to destroy and dams built on the Nile if they considered the dams would affect their supply of fresh water. What is required immediately is an awareness of the true value of water and the formation of sensible water conservation strategies. It is also of vital importance to have a consensus on how best to use shared water resources for the benefit of all the countries in the world as well as an examination of the best methods for the distribution of the world's water.

单选题"Lucky" Lord Lucan--Alive or Dead On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan, a British aristocrat (贵族), vanished. The day before, his children"s nanny (保姆) had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found. Now, over 30 years later, the police have reopened the case, hoping that new DNA techniques will help solve this murder mystery. People suspected that "Lucky", as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark, killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises, came downstairs and was also attacked, but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder, a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny. What happened next is unclear, but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories: he may have killed himself, he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder, "Lucky" borrowed a car and drove it. Lucan"s friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel. Another version of events says that "Lucky" left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country. However, after a time, his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed. A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan MacLanghlin, a former detective. He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa, India, where he assumed the identity of a Mr. Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996. In the end the claim turned out to be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was really Haplin, an ex-schoolteacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about "Lucky"? DNA testing has solved many murder cases, but who knows if it can close the book on this one.