单选题The League of Women Voters is a nonpartisan organization that promotes informed active public participation in government.

单选题Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually (51) depressive symptoms in some teens. "This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived (52) benefits of smoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. " (53) cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating (54) or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms." As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires (55) their use of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools (56) in high, moderate and low socio-economic neighbourhoods. Participants were divided into three (57) : never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical (58) ; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had (59) going to sleep or staying (60) ; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things. "Smokers who used cigarettes as mood (61) had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer O'Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of (62) depressive symptoms." The (63) between depression and smoking exists (64) among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "It's (65) to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr. Chaiton.

单选题We had a long conversation about her parents. A. speech B. question C. talk D. debate

单选题It was obvious that she was not going home.A. probableB. necessaryC. possibleD. evident

单选题Many people were {{U}}injured{{/U}} during the storm.

单选题It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.

单选题As soon as Linda went into the department that sold raincoats, she sensed there was something unusual in the atmosphere. First of all, there was a salesman there and not a saleswoman. That was very unusual in the women's coat department. The salesman asked if he could be of any help. But when she said she was just looking he did not seem to be listening. He (lid not look very much like a salesman, either. A second later a raincoat caught her eye. Site asked him a question about it. He did not even hear her at first. She asked again. She wanted to know if he had any coats like it with a detachable (可分离的) lining. He did not seem to understand what a detachable lining was. She explained. Then she went on looking. She noticed that the salesman seemed to be watching another customer in the department all the time. The other customer, a middle-aged woman, left the department. The salesman immediately went to the phone and told somebody on the other end that the woman had gone and had definitely taken two leather belts without paying for them. Then he turned to Linda and explained that he was not a salesman at all but a store detective. Later, Linda read in the paper that a woman had been arrested for stealing some belts front a department store, or, in other words, for shoplifting.

单选题Scott seized the opportunity to present his proposal to the director. A. realized B. grasped C. rendered D. delivered

单选题Virus Linked to Prostate (前列腺) Tumours The researchers from the University of Utah and Columbia University medical schools found the virus in 27% of the 200 cancerous prostates they looked at. They say it was associated with more aggressive tumours and found in only 6% of non - cancerous prostates. The finding raises the prospect of one day producing a vaccine to protect against prostate cancer. This is the first report to link XMRV (Xenotropic murine leukaemia virus--related virus) to human cancers. XMRV is a retrovirus like HIV which works by inserting a copy of its own DNA into the chromosomes (染色体) of a cell they infect. When this occurs to a gene that regulates cell growth, it can disrupt the normal development of the cell. Dr Helen Rippon, Head of Research Management at The Prostate Cancer Charity, said the research was intriguing (吸引人的) but posed several key questions about the role the infection plays in prostate cancer. He said: " Around the world, extensive work is being undertaken to identify risk factors for prostate cancer which will enable treatments and tests for the disease to be refined. " "It is critically important to identify key triggers of prostate cancer to improve early detection of the disease in men with potentially life threatening prostate cancer. " XMRV is known to cause leukemia (白血病) and other tumours in animals. Dr Ila Singh, who led the study from the pathology department at the University of Utah, said: "We still don't know that this virus causes cancer in people, but that is an important question we are going to investigate. " Dr Chris Parker, Cancer Research UK' s prostate cancer expert at the Institute of Cancer Research said: "This exciting study raises the possibility that the virus might contribute to the development of some prostate cancers. " "In the future, if it turns out to he true, then we, could speculate about the possibility of vaccination to protect against prostate cancer, similar to the approach now used to prevent cervical cancer (子宫颈癌). /

单选题Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress?

单选题 Beyond the Pap Scientists have known for some time that virtually all cases of cervical cancer are triggered by a family of viruses called human papillomavirus, or HPV. Most women who become infected with HPV are able to shake off the virus and suffer no apparent long-term consequences to their health. But a few women develop a persistent infection that can, for reasons that are not entirely clear, eventually lead to cancerous changes in the cervix. Now researchers at the Digene Corp. of Beltsville, Maryland, have developed a test that detects an active HPV infection by looking for its genetic byproducts in the vagina. The HPV test was better than the standard Pap test at finding cervical cancer at any stage, according to two studies published this month in the Journal of the American Medical Association. So far, so good. Unfortunately, the test's false-positive rate—how often it indicated that there was a problem when none existed—was almost twice as high as that for the Pap smear. In these cases, a biopsy of the woman's cervix showed no sign of disease. And that's the crux of the problem. How many women should undergo what is, when it comes right down to it, unnecessary treatment to find a few more cases of cervical cancer? Shouldn't health officials focus instead on making sure that more women undergo regular Pap-smear examinations? After all, Pap smears, though far from perfect, have helped dramatically lower the death toll from cervical cancer, taking it from the No.1 cause of death due to cancer in American women to the 10th. Complicating matters is the fact that HPV is a very common infection. In some parts of the US as many as half of all women under age 35 have an active case. Yet 99 out of 100 women who are HPV-positive will never get cervical cancer, estimates Dr. Joanna Cain, vice president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. "If those 99 women live their lives as if they're going to develop cancer," she says, "we're not necessarily doing them any good." At present, the HPV test is approved in the US only to help resolve ambiguous results from a Pap-smear test. Many gynecologists believe that HPV will eventually replace the Pap. But they're not willing to abandon it without a lot more detailed information and neither should you.

单选题Genetics is the study of the biological factors that influence heredity and determine variation in living things.

单选题Study Confirms Red Meat Link with Bowel(肠) Cancer People who eat more than 160 grams of red or processed meat a day are 35 percent more likely to develop bowel cancer than those who eat less 31 20 grams a day, according to one of the biggest nutrition investigations ever carried out. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition followed 478,040 men and women 32 35 to 70 from 10 European countries. All subjects were free of cancer at enrollment between 1992 and 1998, but 33 an average follow-up of almost 5 years 1,329 bowel cancers had been reported. The subsequent analysis, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, confirms the long-held suspicion 34 high intakes (纳入量) of red meat are associated with increased bowel 35 risk. After taking into consideration factors like age, sex, height, weight, energy intake physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the investigators found that bowel cancer was 36 with intake of red and processed meat but not chicken. Risk of bowel cancer dropped with increasing intake of fish. Eating more than 80 grams a day of fish was associated 37 a 31 percent reduction in risk compared with eating less than 10 grams a 38 Subjects with high red meat and low fish intake were at 63 percent higher risk of bowel cancer compared with subjects with low red meat and high fish 39 . In addition, the risk of developing the disease was increased for 40 people who ate a low fiber diet. Sheila Bingham, study investigator at the UK"s Medical Research Council nutrition unit, said, "People have suspected for some time that high levels of red and processed meat 41 risk of bowel cancer, but this is one of the largest studies worldwide and the first from Europe of this type to show a 42 relationship." Study coordinator, Elio Riboli, 43 the World Health Organization International Agency for research into cancer, said, "Other risk factors for 44 cancer include obesity (肥胖) and lack of physical activity. Smoking and excess alcohol may also play a 45 . These factors were all taken into account in the analysis."

单选题The room is dim and quiet.

单选题It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.

单选题 Cigars Instead Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth and throat, according to a government study. Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voice-box) six-fold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers. The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article Cigars. Health Effects and Trends. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines. "This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement. "The data are clear—the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases," he added. "In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive." "To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is—don't. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks," warned Klausner. According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but "...a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke."

单选题Through a {{U}}mixture{{/U}} of greed and intelligence, he has become the biggest landowner in the whole district.

单选题Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment .

单选题If a company is paying Jersey or Guernsey income tax, the Authorities will require the filing of amounts to substantiate the assessable profit.A. subscribeB. showC. displayD. prove

单选题No one knows the exact origin of this custom.