单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}} How Animals Keep Warm{{/B}} Man has invented ways to keep warm, but how do animals defend themselves? They cannot reason in the sense that man can, but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts. One of these instincts is known as hibernation. "Sleeping like a dormouse" is not only a common saying but is a reality. When winter comes, the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-nourished state. They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive. Safe in their nests, or burrows, they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives. Bats, tortoises, snakes, frogs, even insects like butterflies, hibernate more or less completely. Some, like the squirrels, sleep during coldest weather but are roused by a warm spell. During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body drops drastically. Breathing and heart-beats almost cease. Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration. Wild swans, seagulls, swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles, twice a year, to avoid cold. Many animals, especially those of the Arctic reindeer of Europe, move southward towards the forests when winter approaches. They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed. There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold. Their instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow, made soft and warm by padding out with straw, leaves, moss and fur. In it they have a "secret place" containing food which they hope will last the winter through! Animals which fall into this class include the Arctic fox, the rabbit and the ermine, and the little field-mice.

单选题We"ve seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.

单选题Negative Therapeutic Reaction There are certain people who behave in a quite peculiar fashion during the work of analysis. When one speaks hopefully to them or expresses satisfaction with the progress of the treatment, they show signs of discontent and their condition invariably becomes worse. One begins by regarding this as defiance and as an attempt to prove their superiority to the physician, but later one comes to take a deeper and juster view. One becomes convinced, not only that such people cannot endure any praise or appreciation, but that they react inversely to the progress of the treatment. Every partial solution that ought to result, and in other people does result, in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the time being an intensification of their illness; they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better. They exhibit what is known as a "negative therapeutic reaction". There is no doubt that there is something in these people that sets itself against their recovery, and its approach is dreaded as though it were a danger. We are accustomed to say that the need for illness has got the upper hand in them over the desire for recovery. If we analyse this resistance in the usual way—then, even after fixation to the various forms of gain from illness, the greater part of it is still left over; and this reveals itself as the most powerful of all obstacles to recovery, more powerful than the familiar ones of narcissistic (admiring one"s own self too much) inaccessibility, a negative attitude towards the physician and clinging to the gain from illness. In the end we come to see that we are dealing with what may be called a "moral" factor, a sense of guilt, which is finding satisfaction in the illness and refuses to give up the punishment of suffering. We shall be right in regarding this disencouraging explanation as final. But as far as the patient is concerned this sense of guilt is dumb; it does not tell him he is guilty, he feels ill. This sense of guilt expresses itself only as a resistance to recovery which it is extremely difficult to overcome. It is also particularly difficult to convince the patient that this motive lies behind his continuing to be ill; he holds fast to the more obvious explanation that treatment by analysis is not the right remedy for his case.

单选题I don"t know the origin of this custom.

单选题What were the consequences of the decision she had made?

单选题The farmers worried about the lack of rain.A. shortageB. driftC. woeD. burden

单选题All the people assembled at Mary"s house.

单选题Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers A concept car developed by Japanese company Nissan has a breathalyzer-like detection system and other instruments that could help keep drunk or over tired drivers off the road. The car"s sensors check odors inside the car and monitor a driver"s sweat for traces of alcohol. An in-car computer system can issue an alert or even lock up the ignition system if the driver seems over-the-limit. The air odor sensors are fixed firmly and deeply in the driver and passenger seats, while a detector in the gear-shift knob measures perspiration from the driver"s palm. Other carmakers have developed similar detection systems. For example, Sweden"s Volvo has developed a breathalyzer attached to a car"s seat belt that drivers must blow into before the engine will start. Nissan"s new concept vehicle also includes a dashboard-mounted camera that tracks a drivers alertness by monitoring their eyes. It will sound an alarm and issue a spoken warning in Japanese or English if it judges that the driver needs to pull over and rest. The car technology is still in development, but general manager Kazuhiro Doi says the combination of different detection systems should improve the overall effectiveness of the technology. "For example, if the gear-shift sensor was bypassed by a passenger using it instead of the driver, the facial recognition system would still be used," Doi says. Nissan has no specific timetable for marketing the system, but aims to use technology to cut the number of fatalities involving its vehicles to half 1995 levels by 2015. The car"s seat belt can also tighten if drowsiness is detected, while an external camera checks that the car is keeping to its lane properly. However, Doi admits that some of the technology, such as the alcohol odor sensor, should be improved. "If you drink one beer, it"s going to register, so we need to study what"s the appropriate level for the system to activate," he says. In the U. K., some research groups are using similar advanced techniques to understand driver behavior and the effectiveness of different road designs.

单选题 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为没出空白确定1个最佳选项。 {{B}} Is Your Child's Stomach Pain All in His Head?{{/B}} We all know there are times that kids seem to complain {{U}}(51) {{/U}} a stomachache to get out of chores(零星活儿)or going to school. Don't be so sure that the pain they {{U}}(52) {{/U}} is all in their minds. We're learning more now about a condition {{U}}(53) {{/U}}" functional abdominal pain" that is experienced by millions of kids every day. Like many teenagers, Kyle Brust makes it a point to do his homework as {{U}}(54) {{/U}} as he gets home. Unlike most, Kyle often did this with a terrible stomachache. In fact, the {{U}}(55) {{/U}} often started while he was at school, but getting help there was getting harder. "Some of my teachers wouldn't let me go, because I'd asked so many times before and they thought I was trying to get out of {{U}}(56) {{/U}}," says Kyle. Kyle's mom Marilyn says she couldn't blame the {{U}}(57) {{/U}}. After all, she'd taken him to the doctor several times herself, and even they couldn't find anything {{U}}(58) {{/U}}. "You know, you're running the tests and nothing's coming up. So, is it in his head, is he just an extremely stressful child? It's just frustrating {{U}}(59) {{/U}} we're not finding any answers," says Marilyn. It turns out Kyle was suffering from a condition known {{U}}(60) {{/U}}functional abdominal pain, that affects as many as one out of every ten kids in this country. Even {{U}}(61) {{/U}} the cause of the pain may not be obvious, there are real consequences. "It really does hurt, and these kids really do suffer," says Dr, Campo, MD at Nationwide Children's Hospital. To help {{U}}(62) {{/U}}, Campo is looking into a new approach. He's conducting clinical trials of an antidepressant(抗抑郁药)that changes the way the body handles a chemical called serotonin(血清素). In a preliminary study, Dr. Campo found that in about eight out of ten {{U}}(63) {{/U}}, the drug normally used to treat emotional pain worked to ease the pain in the {{U}}(64) {{/U}}. "We think about it as being important in anxiety and depression and that's all quite true, but what's really interesting is that 95% of our body's serotonin is in our gut," says Campo. Campo believes these kids have extremely sensitive intestines(肠), and controlling the effects of serotonin may {{U}}(65) {{/U}}ease the pain. It seemed to work for Kyle, who is now completely pain free for the first time in years.

单选题Nurses who work in the intensive care unit in a hospital are better trained than other nurses.

单选题The manager didn't have time so far to go into it in details, but he gave us a general idea.A. at lengthB. at handC. in summaryD. in turn

单选题A common {{U}}application{{/U}} of spreadsheet software is studying company accounts.

单选题Asking all healthy adults to get a flu shot may result in a shortage of the flu shots for those who are most vulnerable to the infection.

单选题He refused to accept the job for {{U}}various{{/U}} reasons.

单选题Flu does Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts. The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That's because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come. The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses-flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms. Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症), a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system. There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold but frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.

单选题Many university courses are not really geared to the needs of students or their future employers.A. appliedB. relatedC. connectedD. associated

单选题Such essentially different stimulus cold, drugs, and grief can provoke identical chemical reactions in the body.

单选题This table is strong and {{U}}durab1e{{/U}}．

单选题下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 {{B}}第一篇{{/B}} Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much? Earlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, the national scientific and educational organization of surgeons, conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation, they don't necessarily look for information that would address their concerns. In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operated. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average, about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields (支配) the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their surgeons or primary care doctors, whoever those individuals happen to be. I felt curious about the survey, so I called Dr. Thomas Russell, executive director of the American College of Surgeons. "There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or surgeons," he told me. There are consequences to that kind of blind trust. "Today, medicine and surgery are really team sports," Dr. Russell continued, "and the patient, as the ultimate decision maker, is the most important member of the team. Mistakes can happen, and patients have to be educated and must understand what is going on. " In other words, a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and responsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationship educated about their doctors, their illnesses and their treatment. "If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the U. S. ," Dr. Russell said, "everybody has to participate actively and must educate themselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care professionals, lawyers, pharmaceutical (制的) companies, and insurance companies. But most of all, it means the patient. " Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon, who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed, knowledge is power.

单选题The NHS is a rare example of truly socialized medicine. Health care is provided by a single payer- the British government -and is funded by the taxpayer. All appointments and treatments are free to the patient (though paid for through taxes), as are almost all prescription drugs. The maximum cost of receiving any drug prescribed by the NHS is $12. Which of the following is true of the National Health Service in Britain?A. Patients don't have to pay a single penny for all treatments and drugs.B. Patients pay at most $12 for a single drug prescribed by the NHS.C. All appointments, treatments and prescription of drugs are free.D. All British citizens are enjoying the health care service from NHS.