单选题Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation"s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的) record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of flesh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany"s research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe"s largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.

单选题This article requires more attention to the problem of cultural interference.A. calls forB. applies forC. cares forD. allows for

单选题Donald went into a first-class compartment as if he were

单选题Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other {{U}}drawback{{/U}}.

单选题What Should I Say to the Person Who Has Cancer? It is normal to feel that you don"t know what to say to someone who has cancer. You might only know the person casually, or you may have worked 1 or lived near each other for many years and have a closer relationship. The most important 2 you can do is to acknowledge the situation in some way — whatever is most comfortable for you. You can show interest and concern, you can express encouragement, or you 3 offer support. Sometimes the simplest expressions of concern are the 4 meaningful. While it is good to be encouraging, it is also important 5 to show false optimism or to tell the person with cancer to always have a positive attitude. Doing 6 things may discount their fears, concerns, or sad feelings. It is also tempting to say that you know 7 the person feels. While you may know this is a difficult time, no one can know exactly how the person with 8 feels. Humor can be an important way 9 coping. It is also another source of support and encouragement. Let the person with cancer 10 the lead; it is healthy if they find something funny about a side effect, like hair loss or increased appetite, and you can certainly join 11 in a good laugh. This can be a great way to relieve stress and to take a break from the 12 serious nature of the situation. When the person with cancer looks good, let them know! Refrain (忍住) 13 comments when their appearance isn"t as good, such as "You"re looking pale," or "You"ve lost weight." Cancer and its treatment can be very unpredictable. Be prepared for good days and bad 14 . Refrain from telling the person with cancer stories about family members or friends who have had cancer. Everyone is different, and these stories may not be helpful. Instead, it is better simply to tell them you know 15 about cancer because you"ve been through it with someone else.

单选题Bees and Colour On our table in the garden we put a blue card, and all around this blue card we put a number of different grey cards. These grey cards are of all possible shades of grey and include white and black. On each card a watch-glass is placed. The watch-glass on the blue card has some syrup(果汁) in it,all the others are empty. After a short time bees find the syrup,and they come for it again and again. Then,after some hours,we take away the watch-glass of syrup which was on the blue card and put an empty one in its place. Now what do the bees do? They still go straight to the blue card, although there is no syrup there. They do not go to any of the grey cards, in spite of the fact that one of the grey cards is of exactly the same brightness as the blue card. Thus the bees do not mistake any shade of grey for blue. In this way we have proved that they do really see blue as a colour. We can find out in just the same way what other colours bees can see. It turns out that bees can see various colours, but these insects differ from us as regards their colour-sense in two very interesting ways. Suppose we train bees to come to a red card, and, having done so, we put the red card on the table in the garden among the set of different grey cards. This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark grey or black. They cannot distinguish between them. This means that red is not a colour at all for bees;for them it is just dark grey or black. That is one strange fact;here is another. A rainbow is red on one edge,violet on the other. Outside the violet of the rainbow there is another colour which we cannot see at all. This colour beyond the violet ,invisible to us, is called the uItra-violet. Although it is invisible, we know that the ultra-violet is there because it affects a photographic plate. Now, although we are unable to see ultra-violet light , bees can do so;for them ultra-violet is a colour. Thus bees see a colour which we cannot even imagine. This has been found out by training bees to come for syrup to various parts of a spectrum, or artificial rainbow, thrown by a prism on a table in a dark room. In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness.

单选题During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.

单选题He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes.A. encourageB. keptC. delayedD. amused

单选题Explorer of the Extreme Deep Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Holel Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle hat will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which bas an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It"s about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say. Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. "We take so much for granted on land," Fornari says. "We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements." Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. It"ll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin, it"ll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing. Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. It"ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.

单选题Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke Australian doctors declared Monday that a cocktail of simple antihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of patients suffering a repeat stroke by more than a third. This is the result of their research. The research, presented at a medical conference in Italy over the weekend, has been valued highly as a major breakthrough in stroke prevention. Strokes kill 5 million people a year, and more than 15 million suffer non-fatal strokes that often leave them with useless limbs, slurred speech and other serious disabilities. One in five stroke survivors goes on to have a second, often fatal, stroke within five years of the first. An international six-year study of 6,100 patients directed from Sydney University found that by taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs, the risk of secondary strokes can be reduced by up to 40 per cent. Even taking one of the commonly available drugs can cut the risk by a third, the study said. The drugs are the diuretic indapamide and the ACE inhibitor perindopril, better known by its brand name Coversyl. The combination was effective even in patients who did not have high blood pressure, the researchers said. They even found that the risk of another stroke could be cut by three quarters among the one-in-ten patients who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage, the worst type of stroke, where there is direct bleeding into the brain. Stephen McMahon, who presented the research at the Milan congress of the European Society of Hypertension, said about 50 million people were alive who had suffered at least one stroke. "If most of those patients were able to get access to this treatment. it would result in maybe the avoidance of half a million strokes a year, " the professor told Australia's ABC Radio. McMahon said doctors had long known that lowering the blood pressure of those with hypertension could help prevent strokes. "What we have shown for the first time is that it does not really matter what your blood pressure is; if you have had a stroke, then lowering blood pressure will produce large benefits, to begin with — even for people whose blood pressure is average or below average, " he said. McMahon said the Milan gathering had heralded the research as a "major breakthrough in the care of patients with strokes — perhaps the biggest step forward that we have made in the last couple of decades" .

单选题The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.

单选题Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.

单选题In the context of this passage, "secondhand smoke" means__________

单选题He hasn"t the funds to carry out his design.

单选题Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous .

单选题They agreed to modify their policy.

单选题The young woman was by no means satisfied with the eye operation.

单选题As a writer, he turned out three novels that year.

单选题 Is Your Child's Stomach Pain All in His Head? We all know there are times that kids seem to complain (51) a stomachache to get out of chores(零星活儿)or going to school. Don't be so sure that the pain they (52) is all in their minds. We're learning more now about a condition (53) " functional abdominal pain" that is experienced by millions of kids every day. Like many teenagers, Kyle Brust makes it a point to do his homework as (54) as he gets home. Unlike most, Kyle often did this with a terrible stomachache. In fact, the (55) often started while he was at school, but getting help there was getting harder. "Some of my teachers wouldn't let me go, because I'd asked so many times before and they thought I was trying to get out of (56) ," says Kyle. Kyle's mom Marilyn says she couldn't blame the (57) . After all, she'd taken him to the doctor several times herself, and even they couldn't find anything (58) . "You know, you're running the tests and nothing's coming up. So, is it in his head, is he just an extremely stressful child? It's just frustrating (59) we're not finding any answers," says Marilyn. It turns out Kyle was suffering from a condition known (60) functional abdominal pain, that affects as many as one out of every ten kids in this country. Even (61) the cause of the pain may not be obvious, there are real consequences. "It really does hurt, and these kids really do suffer," says Dr, Campo, MD at Nationwide Children's Hospital. To help (62) , Campo is looking into a new approach. He's conducting clinical trials of an antidepressant(抗抑郁药)that changes the way the body handles a chemical called serotonin(血清素). In a preliminary study, Dr. Campo found that in about eight out of ten (63) , the drug normally used to treat emotional pain worked to ease the pain in the (64) . "We think about it as being important in anxiety and depression and that's all quite true, but what's really interesting is that 95% of our body's serotonin is in our gut," says Campo. Campo believes these kids have extremely sensitive intestines(肠), and controlling the effects of serotonin may (65) ease the pain. It seemed to work for Kyle, who is now completely pain free for the first time in years.

单选题The dentist has decided to Uextract/U her bad tooth.