单选题Winners and Losers Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc (集团) and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated (给以新的活力) by the Chinese adoption of market economics. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years. In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure (基础结构); many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years. In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies, often under pressure from International Monetary Fund. First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and an adequate method for collecting taxes. Encouraged by the I. M. F., the World Bank and the U.S. Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs (寡头政治集团成员), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home. In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the I. M. F. formula. Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring I. M. F. advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes. Botswana and Uganda are also success stories, despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to I. M. F. prescriptions.

单选题By 1929, two years after the start of the "talkies", motion picture theaters in the United States were attracting 100 million patrons every week.

单选题Charter Schools American public education has changed in recent years. One change is that increasing numbers of American parents and teachers are starting independent public schools 1 charter schools (特许学校). In 1991, there were no charter schools in the United States. Today, more than 2,300 charter schools 2 in 34 states and the District of Columbia. 575,000 students 3 these schools. The students are from 5 years of age through 18 or older. A charter school is 4 by groups of parents，teachers and community(社区) members. It is similar in some ways 5 a traditional public school. It receives tax money to operate just as other public schools do. The 6 it receives depends on the number of students. The charter school must prove to local or state governments that its students are learning. These governments 7 the school with the agreement, or charter that permits it to operate. Unlike a traditional public school, 8 , the charter school does not have to obey most laws governing public schools. Local, state or federal governments cannot tell it what to 9 Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to 10 those goals. Class sizes usually are smaller than in many traditional public schools. Many students and parents say 11 in charter schools can be more creative. However, state education agencies, local education-governing committees and unions often 12 charter schools. They say these schools may receive money badly 13 by traditional public schools. Experts say some charter schools are doing well while others are struggling. Congress provided 200 million dollars for 14 charter schools in the 2002 federal budget (预算). But, often the schools say they lack enough money for their 15 Many also lack needed space.

单选题The professor went into the topic ______ so that we all can understand it.A. in detailsB. at handC. in summaryD. in turn

单选题The Iceman On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface. It was lying face downward. The skeleton (was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark and a holder for arrows. Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old. With modem dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 BC, he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself. By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. we may never know the full story of how he died, but he has give us important clues to the history of those distant times.

单选题Everybody was Uglad/U ad to see Mary back.

单选题The chemical is deadly to rats but safe to cattle.

单选题The earth moves around the sun.

单选题They all agreed that the changes that have taken place are substantial .

单选题Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches.A. disruptB. diagnoseC. evaporateD. cure

单选题I have been trying to {{U}}guit{{/U}} smoking.

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}Sleep{{/B}} We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7 - 8 hours' sleep alternating with some 16 - 17 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 am to 4 pm the next, and 4 pm to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all weekends and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those on permanent night work.

单选题According to the passage, the writer of this article seems to be _______.

单选题They gave on-the-spot broadcast while the performance was in process on the stage.

单选题On the Net Friends Come and Go, Talking of... The young woman was visibly (51) and clearly wanted to get something off her chest. "What's up?" I (52) "I've just been defriended," she said. Now "defriended" is a word (53) ! am not familiar. ! have been befriended (54) and befriended--many people since arriving in Beijing. But defriended? It turns (55) this is a new word created by the Interact-savvy younger generation specifically in relation to the worldwide social networking phenomenon, Facebook. Those who join can invite friends to become members of the site, (56) . They can then share photographs, "chat", swap messages and observations and perform a host of other mutually accessible applications. I've seen some people's sites (57) hundreds of friends, all moments away down a fiber optic cable, providing they are logged on to their computers or hooked up to a high-spec cell phone, It creates the possibility of "befriending" anyone in the world who has online access. Currently, Facebook has 150 million users. That means there's a lot of "friends" out there. The (58) is that you can be "defriended"--you can be denied access to the Face, book site someone who had previously invited to be his or her friend. And you can do it without the potential for instant recrimination. Where once, in the school playground on child might have petulantly shouted (59) another, "I'm not going to be your fried any more" the same hurt and loss of face can be performed remotely with the chick of a button. A (60) aspect of "defriending" is that, unlike with other applications such as the "what are you thinking about?" posting a digital depository of the often dire, (61) , dull and desperate, no message is sent out alerting you or your contacts about the change m status. You only find out you have (62) when you try to visit a "friend's" site, and you find you can no longer get in the delay of the discovery is all too often doubly hurtful. Just as bombs are dispatched impersonally (63) an unseen enemy in modem warfare, (64) relationships are blown out of the window with the same callous disregard, without the risk of any face-to-face comeback. One second you arc there, (65) you are deleted.

单选题It is a poem that celebrates the joys of love.

单选题For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business.

单选题With the stop-motion process, many separate shots can be combined into a single image.

单选题Taxi Riding In a moment of personal crisis, how much help can you expect from a New York taxi driver? I began studying this question after watching the "Taxicab Confessions", a series of documentaries in which hidden cameras record the secrets of unsuspecting taxi riders. I found the results varied. One morning I got into three different taxis and announced: "Well, it"s my first day back in New York in seven years. I"ve been in prison. " Not a single driver replied, so I tried again. "Yeah, I shot a man in Reno," I explained, hoping the driver would ask me why, so I could say casually, "Just to watch him die. " But nobody asked. The only response came from a Ghanaian driver: "Reno? That is in Nevada?" Taxi drivers were uniformly sympathetic when I said I"d just been fired. "This is America," a Haitian driver said. "One door is closed. Another is open. " He argued against my plan to burn clown my boss"s house: "If you do something silly and they put you away, you cannot look for another job." A Pakistani driver even turned down a chance to profit from my loss of hope : he refused to take me to the middle of the George Washington Bridge, a $20 trip. "Why do you want to go there? Go home and relax. Don"t worry. Take a new job. " One very hot weekday in July, while wearing a red ski mask and holding a stuffed pillowcase with the word "BANK" on it, I tried hailing a taxi five times outside different banks. The driver picked me up every time. My ride with Guy-Caaude Thevenain, a Haitian driver, was typical of the superb assistance I received. "Is anyone following us?" "No," said the driver, looking in his rearview mirror at traffic and me. "Let"s go across the park," I said, "I just robbed the bank there. I got $25,000. " "$25,000?" he asked. "Yeah, you think it was wrong to take it?" "No, man, I work 8 hours and I don"t make almost $70. If I can do that, I do it too. " As we approached 86th and Lexington, I pointed to the Chemical Bank. "Hey, there"s another bank," I said, "could you wait here a minute while I go inside?" "No, I can"t wait. Pay me now. " His reluctance may have had something to do with money—taxi drivers think the rate for waiting time is too low—but I think he wanted me to learn that even a bank robber can"t expect unconditional support.

单选题Who Wants to Live Forever? If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long, would you take it? The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date. Scientists have already extended the lives of flies, worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams, spending time with our loved ones, watching our families grow and have families of their own. "Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr. Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work." Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war, poverty, all sorts of issues around, and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan. “The question is 'What will we get as a society?' I suspect it won't be a better society." It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time? Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents, or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone, who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation. Working life would also be affected, especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age, skill, wisdom and good judgment. On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals, making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss? Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people, and more on making life comfortable for the old. And society would feel, very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom, but less energy: Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact, they are less enthusiastic about everything. The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances, we need to think about these changes now. "If this could ever happen, then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get," says Daniel Callahan. "We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out./